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Varvuolytė G, Řezníčková E, Bieliauskas A, Kleizienė N, Vojáčková V, Opichalová A, Žukauskaitė A, Kryštof V, Šačkus A. Synthesis and photodynamic activity of new 5-[(E)-2-(3-alkoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-3H-indoles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38969965 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of new indole-pyrazole hybrids 8a-m were synthesized through the palladium-catalyzed ligandless Heck coupling reaction from easily accessible unsubstituted, methoxy- or fluoro-substituted 4-ethenyl-1H-pyrazoles and 5-bromo-3H-indoles. These compounds exerted cytotoxicity to melanoma G361 cells when irradiated with blue light (414 nm) and no cytotoxicity in the dark at concentrations up to 10 µM, prompting us to explore their photodynamic effects. The photodynamic properties of the example compound 8d were further investigated in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Evaluation revealed comparable anticancer activities of 8d in both breast and melanoma cancer cell lines within the submicromolar range. The treatment induced a massive generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to different types of cell death depending on the compound concentration and the irradiation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Varvuolytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Kleizienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Opichalová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Pramanik S, Mondal PP, Maity S. Organo-photoredox-Catalyzed Selective Mono- and Bis-C-H Alkylation of Electron-Rich (Hetero)Arenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15256-15269. [PMID: 37823605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a simple strategy for the C-H alkylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes with alkyl bromides employing visible-light-mediated organo-photocatalytic SET processes. The generality of this method has been evidenced by the inclusion of a variety of alkyl radicals (α-alkyl-carbonyl, benzyl, cyanomethyl) as well as diverse biologically active electron-rich arenes and (hetero)arenes under mild conditions. The extent of alkylation with alkyl bromides was found to be controlled by introducing Zn(OAc)2 as a bromide scavenger, ensuring the blocking of potential bromo-arene byproduct formation under photoredox conditions. In addition, a sequential C-H alkylation strategy for selective bis-alkylation has also been developed via chronological incorporation of different alkyl radical precursors in one pot quite efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Partha Pratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Soumitra Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
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Schneider Y, Jadhav AP, Legault CY. Synthesis of Indoles Using the Electrophilic Potential of Diazirines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14809-14819. [PMID: 37779242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic potential of diazirines has been utilized to obtain N-substituted diaziridines that are directly hydrolyzed to produce monosubstituted hydrazines. The hydrazines can undergo the Fisher process with enolizable carbonyls to yield multiple indole derivatives in moderate to high yields. The N-metalated diaziridine intermediates can undergo isomerization prior to electrophilic substitution, to form N,N-disubstituted hydrazones. The latter react with enolizable carbonyls to produce N-protected indole derivatives in a single step. This protocol was used to efficiently synthesize indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Schneider
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Amol P Jadhav
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Wang X, Zeng H, Zhang W, Guo H, Jin T, Shi S, Jin X, Qu N, Liu L, Zhang L. Copper-catalyzed construction of ( Z)-benzo[ cd]indoles: stereoselective intramolecular trans-addition and S N-Ar reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7949-7955. [PMID: 36178274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted benzo[cd]indoles are one of the most attractive frameworks because of their wide range of biological and optical activities. Herein, a copper-catalyzed one-step synthesis of biologically important polysubstituted benzo[cd]indoles starting from 8-alkynyl-1-naphthylamine derivatives is reported. In this protocol, many substituents tolerated the reaction conditions and produced (Z)-benzo[cd]indoles in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction proceeds via a stereoselective intramolecular trans-addition and SN-Ar reaction with high selectivity and high yields. The synthesized polysubstituted (Z)-benzo[cd]indoles possess sulfonamide building blocks, which make them candidates for bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China. .,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Heyang Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Haiyang Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tao Jin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Senlei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Jin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Na Qu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesive and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China.
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Nawaz S, Wei S, Huang Y, Wang W, Qu J, Wang B. Diastereoselective synthesis of indolenine-based spiro[pyrazolone-4,2'-pyrrolidine] scaffolds via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4-aminopyrazolones, aldehydes, and indolenines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6964-6968. [PMID: 34333584 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 4-aminopyrazolones, indolenines, and aldehydes. The reaction utilized in situ generated azomethine ylides as 1,3-dipoles and 2-alkenylindolenines as dipolarophiles affording indolenine-derived spiro[pyrazolone-4,2'-pyrrolidine] scaffolds with four contiguous stereocenters with excellent yields (up to 95%) and diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr) under simple conditions. The in situ generation of azomethine ylides and dipolarophiles in one pot is a unique feature of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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Colas K, Doloczki S, Posada Urrutia M, Dyrager C. Prevalent Bioimaging Scaffolds: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Applications. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Colas
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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Smith AJ, Dimitrova D, Arokianathar JN, Clark KF, Poole DL, Leach SG, Murphy JA. Et 3SiH + KO t Bu provide multiple reactive intermediates that compete in the reactions and rearrangements of benzylnitriles and indolenines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12364-12370. [PMID: 34094446 PMCID: PMC8162870 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of potassium tert-butoxide and triethylsilane is unusual because it generates multiple different types of reactive intermediates simultaneously that provide access to (i) silyl radical reactions, (ii) hydrogen atom transfer reactions to closed shell molecules and to radicals, (iii) electron transfer reductions and (iv) hydride ion chemistry, giving scope for unprecedented outcomes. Until now, reactions with this reagent pair have generally been explained by reference to one of the intermediates, but we now highlight the interplay and competition between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Daniela Dimitrova
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Jude N Arokianathar
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Kenneth F Clark
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Darren L Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Stuart G Leach
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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Suzuki T, Mate NA, Adhikari AA, Chisholm JD. Dialkylation of Indoles with Trichloroacetimidates to Access 3,3-Disubstituted Indolenines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224143. [PMID: 31731742 PMCID: PMC6891773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Substituted indoles may be directly transformed to 3,3-dialkyl indolenines with trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and the Lewis acid TMSOTf. These reactions provide rapid access to complex indolenines which are present in a variety of complex natural products and medicinally relevant small molecule structures. This method provides an alternative to the use of transition metal catalysis. The indolenines are readily transformed into spiroindoline systems which are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
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