1
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Warnes ME, Fascione MA. Bimodal Glycosyl Donors as an Emerging Approach Towards a General Glycosylation Strategy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400399. [PMID: 38501362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic synthesis provides an accessible route to preparative scale biological glycans, although schemes to access these complex structures are often complicated by preparation of multiple monosaccharide building blocks. Bimodal glycosyl donors capable of forming both α- and β-anomers selectively, are an emerging tactic to reduce the required number of individual synthetic components in glycan construction. This review discusses examples of bimodal donors in the literature, and how they achieve their stereocontrol for both anomers. Notable examples include a bespoke O-2 benzyl protecting group, a strained glycal for reaction using organometallic catalysis, and a simple perbenzylated donor optimised for stereoselective glycosylation through extensive reaction tuning.
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2
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Guo X, Cheung YC, Li C, Liu H, Li P, Chen S, Li X. Investigation on the substrate specificity and N-substitution tolerance of PseF in catalytic transformation of pseudaminic acids to CMP-Pse derivatives. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5950-5956. [PMID: 38665540 PMCID: PMC11040635 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudaminic acid (Pse) belongs to a class of bacterial non-2-ulosonic acids, and has been implicated in bacterial infection and immune evasion. Various Pse structures with diverse N-substitutions have been identified in pathogenic bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In this study, we successfully synthesized three new Pse species, including Pse5Ac7Fo, Pse5Ac7(3RHb) and Pse7Fo5(3RHb) using chemical methods. Furthermore, we investigated the substrate specificity of cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)-Pse synthetase (PseF), resulting in the production of N-modified CMP-Pse derivatives (CMP-Pses). It was found that PseF was promiscuous with the Pse substrate and could tolerate different modifications at the two nitrogen atoms. This study provides valuable insights into the incorporation of variable N-substitutions in the Pse biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yan Chu Cheung
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University China Qingdao 266237 People's Republic of China
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3
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Miao H, Lu S, Chen H, Shang J, Zheng J, Yang Y. Additive-assisted synthesis of α-Kdo glycosides with peracetylated glycosyl ynenoate as a donor. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2365-2369. [PMID: 38416050 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A DMF-modulated glycosylation approach for the stereoselective synthesis of α-Kdo glycosides with readily accessible peracetylated Kdo ynenoate as a donor was described. By utilizing this approach, we completed the synthesis of various linkage types of Kdo-Kdo disaccharides and the α-Kdo-containing protected trisaccharide variant relevant to the lipopolysaccharide of Coxiella burnetii strain Nine Mile.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Miao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Siqian Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jintao Shang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jibin Zheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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4
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Yang X, Wei R, Liu H, Wei T, Zeng P, Cheung YC, Heng H, Chan EW, Li X, Chen S. Discovery of a Monoclonal Antibody That Targets Cell-Surface Pseudaminic Acid of Acinetobacter baumannii with Direct Bactericidal Effect. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:439-446. [PMID: 38435534 PMCID: PMC10906240 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of antibodies include neutralization of pathogens, activation of the host complement system, and facilitation of phagocytosis of pathogens. However, antibody alone has never been shown to exhibit bactericidal activity. In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody that targets the bacterial cell surface component Pseudaminic acid (Pse). This monoclonal antibody, Pse-MAB1, exhibited direct bactericidal activity on Acinetobacter baumannii strains, even in the absence of the host complements or other immune factors, and was able to confer a protective effect against A. baumannii infections in mice. This study provides new insight into the potential of developing monoclonal antibody-based antimicrobial therapy of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, especially those which occurred among immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Shenzhen
Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Han Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ping Zeng
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Yan Chu Cheung
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary
Medicine and Life Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Heng Heng
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary
Medicine and Life Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Edward Waichi Chan
- Shenzhen
Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheng Chen
- State
Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom 999077, Hong Kong SAR
- Shenzhen
Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
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5
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Ishiwata A, Tanaka K, Ito Y, Cai H, Ding F. Recent Progress in 1,2- cis glycosylation for Glucan Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:5644. [PMID: 37570614 PMCID: PMC10420028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the stereoselectivity of 1,2-cis glycosylation is one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical synthesis of glycans. There are various 1,2-cis glycosides in nature, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside in glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, microbial polysaccharides, and bioactive natural products. In the structure of polysaccharides such as α-glucan, 1,2-cis α-glucosides were found to be the major linkage between the glucopyranosides. Various regioisomeric linkages, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 for the backbone structure, and 1→2/3/4/6 for branching in the polysaccharide as well as in the oligosaccharides were identified. To achieve highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, including α-glucosylation, a number of strategies using inter- and intra-molecular methodologies have been explored. Recently, Zn salt-mediated cis glycosylation has been developed and applied to the synthesis of various 1,2-cis linkages, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside, via the 1,2-cis glycosylation pathway and β-galactoside 1,4/6-cis induction. Furthermore, the synthesis of various structures of α-glucans has been achieved using the recent progressive stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation reactions. In this review, recent advances in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, particularly focused on α-glucosylation, and their applications in the construction of linear and branched α-glucans are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- RIKEN, Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN, Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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6
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Niedzwiecka A, Pham Q, Ling CC. Regiospecific O → N Acyl Migration as a Methodology to Access l-Altropyranosides with an N2, N4-Differentiation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8667-8671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niedzwiecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Quyen Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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7
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Zhang M, Li T, Peng P. Recent development in additive modulated stereoselective glycosidation reactions. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2027432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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8
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Wei R, Yang X, Liu H, Wei T, Chen S, Li X. Synthetic Pseudaminic-Acid-Based Antibacterial Vaccine Confers Effective Protection against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1535-1542. [PMID: 34584955 PMCID: PMC8461771 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii exhibits resistance to most first-line antibiotics; thus, development of new antibacterial agents is urgently required. Pseudaminic acid exists as the surface glycan of A. baumannii. In this study, we chemically synthesized pseudaminic acid, conjugated it to carrier protein CRM197 using the OPA (ortho-phthalaldehyde) chemistry, and obtained three Pse-CRM197 conjugates with different Pse loadings. These Pse-CRM197 conjugates were found to stimulate high immune responses in mice, which protected the vaccinated mice from infections caused by Pse-producing A. baumannii. Our data indicate that chemically synthesized Pse-CRM197 conjugates can be developed into vaccines against Pse-bearing pathogens, thus offering a feasible alternative for the control of clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii, for which current treatment options are extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary
Medicine and Life Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department
of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary
Medicine and Life Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,
P. R. China
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9
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Vibhute AM, Tamai H, Logviniuk D, Jones PG, Fridman M, Werz DB. Azide-Functionalized Derivatives of the Virulence-Associated Sugar Pseudaminic Acid: Chiral Pool Synthesis and Labeling of Bacteria. Chemistry 2021; 27:10595-10600. [PMID: 33769621 PMCID: PMC8360151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudaminic acid (Pse) is a significant prokaryotic monosaccharide found in important Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This unique sugar serves as a component of cell-surface-associated glycans or glycoproteins and is associated with their virulence. We report the synthesis of azidoacetamido-functionalized Pse derivatives as part of a search for Pse-derived metabolic labeling reagents. The synthesis was initiated with d-glucose (Glc), which served as a cost-effective chiral pool starting material. Key synthetic steps involve the conversion of C1 of Glc into the terminal methyl group of Pse, and inverting deoxyaminations at C3 and C5 of Glc followed by backbone elongation with a three-carbon unit using the Barbier reaction. Metabolic labeling experiments revealed that, of the four Pse derivatives, ester-protected C5 azidoacetamido-Pse successfully labeled cells of Pse-expressing Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. No labeling was observed in cells of non-Pse-expressing strains. The ester-protected and C5 azidoacetamido-functionalized Pse is thus a useful reagent for the identification of bacteria expressing this unique virulence-associated nonulosonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hideki Tamai
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dana Logviniuk
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Wang L, Berni F, Enotarpi J, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel G, Codée JDC. Reagent controlled stereoselective synthesis of teichoic acid α-(1,2)-glucans. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2038-2050. [PMID: 32141465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective construction of 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkages is key in the assembly of biologically relevant glycans, but remains a synthetic challenge. Reagent-controlled glycosylation methodologies, in which external nucleophiles are employed to modulate the reactivity of the glycosylation system, have become powerful means for the construction of 1,2-cis-glycosidic linkages. Here we establish that nucleophilic additives can support the construction of α-1,2-glucans, and apply our findings in the construction of a d-alanine kojibiose functionalized glycerol phosphate teichoic acid fragment. This latter molecule can be found in the cell wall of the opportunistic Gram-positive bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and represents a structural element that can possibly be used in the development of therapeutic vaccines and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Li R, Yu H, Chen X. Recent progress in chemical synthesis of bacterial surface glycans. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:121-136. [PMID: 32920523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the continuing advancement of carbohydrate chemical synthesis, bacterial glycomes have become increasingly attractive and accessible synthetic targets. Although bacteria also produce carbohydrate-containing secondary metabolites, our review here will cover recent chemical synthetic efforts on bacterial surface glycans. The obtained compounds are excellent candidates for the development of improved structurally defined glycoconjugate vaccines to combat bacterial infections. They are also important probes for investigating glycan-protein interactions. Glycosylation strategies applied for the formation of some challenging glycosidic bonds of various uncommon sugars in a number of recently synthesized bacterial surface glycans are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
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13
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Flack EKP, Chidwick HS, Best M, Thomas GH, Fascione MA. Synthetic Approaches for Accessing Pseudaminic Acid (Pse) Bacterial Glycans. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1397-1407. [PMID: 31944494 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudaminic acids (Pses) are a group of non-mammalian nonulosonic acids (nulOs) that have been shown to be an important virulence factor for a number of pathogenic bacteria, including emerging multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Despite their discovery over 30 years ago, relatively little is known about the biological significance of Pse glycans compared with their sialic acid analogues, primarily due to a lack of access to the synthetically challenging Pse architecture. Recently, however, the Pse backbone has been subjected to increasing synthetic exploration by carbohydrate (bio)chemists, and the total synthesis of complex Pse glycans achieved with inspiration from the biosynthesis and subsequent detailed study of chemical glycosylation by using Pse donors. Herein, context is provided for these efforts by summarising recent synthetic approaches pioneered for accessing Pse glycans, which are set to open up this underexplored area of glycoscience to the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K P Flack
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Harriet S Chidwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthew Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gavin H Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington Road, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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14
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Lou Q, Hua Q, Zhang L, Yang Y. Dimethylformamide-Modulated Kdo Glycosylation for Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Kdo Glycosides. Org Lett 2020; 22:981-985. [PMID: 31917587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and direct DMF-modulated α-selective Kdo glycosylation approach for the stereoselective synthesis of the α-linked Kdo glycosides is developed. Glycosylation of the readily available peracetylated Kdo ortho-hexynylbenzoate with common acceptor alcohols using SPhosAuNTf2 as a promoter and DMF as a modulating molecule afforded a range of Kdo glycosides with good α-selectivities. Furthermore, the present method is effectively applied in the latent-active synthesis of the α-linked di-Kdo glycoside bearing a linker at the reducing end. Finally, the first observation of a Kdo imidinium ion in the low-temperature NMR provides evidence for the plausible mechanism of the DMF-modulated α-selective Kdo glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Qingting Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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