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Bartlett RJ, Crisostomo KD, Zhang Q. Reversible Conjugation of Polypeptides and Proteins Utilizing a [3.3.1] Scaffold under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:6428-6432. [PMID: 39038165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
An investigation of reversible protein conjugation and deconjugation is presented. Despite numerous available protein conjugation methods, there has been limited documentation of achieving protein conjugation in a controlled and reversible manner. This report introduces a protocol that enables protein modification in a multicomponent fashion under aqueous buffer and mild conditions. A readily available mercaptobenzaldehyde derivative can modify the primary amine of peptides and proteins with a distinctive [3.3.1] scaffold. This modification can be reversed under mild conditions in a controlled fashion, restoring the original protein motif. The effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated in the modification and quantifiable regeneration of insulin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Kelly D Crisostomo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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2
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Fischer NH, Oliveira MT, Diness F. Chemical modification of proteins - challenges and trends at the start of the 2020s. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:719-748. [PMID: 36519403 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomally expressed proteins perform multiple, versatile, and specialized tasks throughout Nature. In modern times, chemically modified proteins, including improved hormones, enzymes, and antibody-drug-conjugates have become available and have found advanced industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Chemical modification of proteins is used to introduce new functionalities, improve stability or drugability. Undertaking chemical reactions with proteins without compromising their native function is still a core challenge as proteins are large conformation dependent multifunctional molecules. Methods for functionalization ideally should be chemo-selective, site-selective, and undertaken under biocompatible conditions in aqueous buffer to prevent denaturation of the protein. Here the present challenges in the field are discussed and methods for modification of the 20 encoded amino acids as well as the N-/C-termini and protein backbone are presented. For each amino acid, common and traditional modification methods are presented first, followed by more recent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Henrik Fischer
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Teresa Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barkov AY, Kochnev IA, Simonov NS, Kutyashev IB, Zimnitskiy NS, Korotaev VY, Sosnovskikh VY. [3+2] Annulation of 2-substituted 3-nitro-2H-chromenes with mercaptoacetaldehyde: stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]chromen-3-ols. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu H, Lu HH, Zhuang J, Thayumanavan S. Three-Component Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: From Janus Small Molecules to Functional Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20735-20746. [PMID: 34870962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new multicomponent reaction involving 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, amine, and 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde (HAM reaction) has been developed and applied to multicomponent polymerization and controlled radical polymerization for the construction of random and block copolymers. This chemistry features mild reaction conditions, high yield, simple isolation, and water as the only byproduct. With the advantages of the distinct nucleophilicity of thiol and hydroxyl groups, the chemistry could be used for stepwise labeling and modifications on primary amines. The Janus chemical joint formed from this reaction exhibits degradability in buffers and generates the corresponding starting reagents, allowing amine release. Interestingly, the chemical joint exhibits thermally activated reversibility with water as the catalyst. This multicomponent dynamic covalent feature has been applied to the metamorphosis of random and block copolymers, generating polymers with diverse architectures. This chemistry is expected to be broadly applicable to synthetic polymer chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hung-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Abstract
A growing theme in chemistry is the joining of multiple organic molecular building blocks to create functional molecules. Diverse derivatizable structures—here termed “scaffolds” comprised of “hubs”—provide the foundation for systematic covalent organization of a rich variety of building blocks. This review encompasses 30 tri- or tetra-armed molecular hubs (e.g., triazine, lysine, arenes, dyes) that are used directly or in combination to give linear, cyclic, or branched scaffolds. Each scaffold is categorized by graph theory into one of 31 trees to express the molecular connectivity and overall architecture. Rational chemistry with exacting numbers of derivatizable sites is emphasized. The incorporation of water-solubilization motifs, robust or self-immolative linkers, enzymatically cleavable groups and functional appendages affords immense (and often late-stage) diversification of the scaffolds. Altogether, 107 target molecules are reviewed along with 19 syntheses to illustrate the distinctive chemistries for creating and derivatizing scaffolds. The review covers the history of the field up through 2020, briefly touching on statistically derivatized carriers employed in immunology as counterpoints to the rationally assembled and derivatized scaffolds here, although most citations are from the past two decades. The scaffolds are used widely in fields ranging from pure chemistry to artificial photosynthesis and biomedical sciences.
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Hymel D, Liu F. Proximity‐driven, Regioselective Chemical Modification of Peptides and Proteins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hymel
- Discovery Chemistry Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc. 500 Fairview Ave Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Focus-X Therapeutics, Inc 3541 223rd Ave SE Sammamish WA 98075 USA
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Li K, Wang W, Gao J. Fast and Stable N‐Terminal Cysteine Modification through Thiazolidino Boronate Mediated Acyl Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Li
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Merkert Chemistry Center 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Merkert Chemistry Center 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Merkert Chemistry Center 2609 Beacon Street Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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Li K, Wang W, Gao J. Fast and Stable N-Terminal Cysteine Modification through Thiazolidino Boronate Mediated Acyl Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14246-14250. [PMID: 32437040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel conjugation of N-terminal cysteines (NCys) that proceeds with fast kinetics and exquisite selectivity, thereby enabling facile modification of NCys-bearing proteins in complex biological milieu. This new NCys conjugation proceeds via a thiazolidine boronate (TzB) intermediate that results from fast (k2 : ≈5000 m-1 s-1 ) and reversible conjugation of NCys with 2-formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA). We designed a FPBA derivative that upon TzB formation elicits intramolecular acyl transfer to give N-acyl thiazolidines. In contrast to the quick hydrolysis of TzB, the N-acylated thiazolidines exhibit robust stability under physiologic conditions. The utility of the TzB-mediated NCys conjugation is demonstrated by rapid and non-disruptive labeling of two enzymes. Furthermore, applying this chemistry to bacteriophage allows facile chemical modification of phage libraries, which greatly expands the chemical space amenable to phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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Mambourg K, Bodart L, Tumanov N, Lanners S, Wouters J. Synthesis, crystal structure and conformational analysis of an unexpected [1,5]dithiocine product of aminopyridine and thiovanillin. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:205-211. [PMID: 32132277 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The condensation reaction of 2-mercapto-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with 3-aminopyridine afforded an unexpected N-alkylated [1,5]dithiocine instead of the N-salicylideneaniline. The proposed mechanism for this condensation involves a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the thiol and the amine groups, leading to a second condensation. The corresponding product, i.e. 4,10-dimethoxy-13-(pyridin-3-yl)-6H,12H-6,12-epiminodibenzo[b,f][1,5]dithiocine methanol 0.463-solvate, C21H18N2O2S2·0.463CH3OH, was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The supramolecular structure shows π-π stacking and S...S interactions in the crystal packing. Within the asymmetric unit, two geometries of the N atom are observed. Although a planar geometry should be expected, a pyramidal one is observed due to the crystal packing. The presence of the two geometries was further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that show an electronic energy difference of less than 2 kJ mol-1 between the two conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Mambourg
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Laurie Bodart
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Steve Lanners
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
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Wang W, Gao J. N, S-Double Labeling of N-Terminal Cysteines via an Alternative Conjugation Pathway with 2-Cyanobenzothiazole. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1756-1763. [PMID: 31880156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) with N-terminal cysteines (NCys) typically gives a luciferin product. We herein report an alternative reaction pathway leading to an N-terminal amidine rendering the side chain thiol available for further modification. Examination of peptide sequence dependence of this amidine conjugation reveals a tripeptide tag CIS that allows facile N, S-double labeling of a protein of interest with >90% yield. This alternative reaction pathway of CBT-NCys condensation presents a significant addition to the toolbox for site-specific protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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