1
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Leśniewska A, Przybylski P. Seven-membered N-heterocycles as approved drugs and promising leads in medicinal chemistry as well as the metal-free domino access to their scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116556. [PMID: 38879971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Azepanes or azepines are structural motifs of many drugs, drug candidates and evaluated lead compounds. Even though compounds having N-heterocyclic 7-membered rings are often found in nature (e.g. alkaloids), the natural compounds of this group are rather rare as approved therapeutics. Thus, recently studied and approved azepane or azepine-congeners predominantly consist of semi-synthetically or synthetically-obtained scaffolds. In this review a comparison of approved drugs and recently investigated leads was proposed taking into regard their structural aspects (stereochemistry), biological activities, pharmacokinetic properties and confirmed molecular targets. The 7-membered N-heterocycles reveal a wide range of biological activities, not only against CNS diseases, but also as e.g. antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic and against allergy agents. As most of the approved or investigated potential drugs or lead structures, belonging to 7-membered N-heterocycles, are synthetic scaffolds, this report also reveals different and efficient metal-free cascade approaches useful to synthesize both simple azepane or azepine-containing congeners and those of oligocyclic structures. Stereochemistry of azepane/azepine fused systems, in view of biological data and binding with the targets, is discussed. Apart from the approved drugs, we compare advances in SAR studies of 7-membered N-heterocycles (mainly from 2018 to 2023), whereas the related synthetic part concerning various domino strategies is focused on the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Zhuang D, Jiang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Shen S, Yan R. I 2-Mediated [6 + 1] Annulation of Alkynes with MsONH 3OTf: Direct Synthesis of Benzo[ b]azepines. Org Lett 2023; 25:3007-3012. [PMID: 37083284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzo[b]azepines using protonated aminating reagent (MsONH3OTf) and alkynes through I2-mediated [6 + 1] annulation reaction has been developed. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions and affords the benzo[b]azepines in moderate to good yields under metal-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Shixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiajun Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
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3
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Mandal M, Pradhan R, Lourderaj U, Balamurugan R. Dodging the Conventional Reactivity of o-Alkynylanilines under Gold Catalysis for Distal 7- endo- dig Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2260-2287. [PMID: 36744758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A direct ring-closing strategy involving a less facile 7-endo-dig carbacyclization of o-alkynylaniline derivatives for the synthesis of benzo[b]azepines has been presented. The trivial well-documented 5-endo-dig cyclization in o-alkynylaniline derivatives due to high nucleophilicity of nitrogen has been overcome by using their vinylogous amides under gold catalysis to access a wide array of benzo[b]azepines in an atom economical way with excellent functional group compatibility. Deuterium scrambling experiments and DFT studies favor a mechanism involving stabilizing conformational change of the initially formed seven-membered vinyl gold intermediate through a key cyclopropyl gold carbene intermediate and its subsequent protodeauration mediated by the counter anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana-500046, India
| | - Renuka Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha-752050, India
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4
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Saito K, Aoyama H, Sako M, Arisawa M, Murai K. Double Ring Expansion Strategy for Fused 3-Benzazepines: Alternative Synthesis of the Dolby-Weinreb Enamine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16947-16951. [PMID: 36475678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A double ring expansion strategy for constructing fused 3-benzazepines is described. The oxidative ring expansion of spiroamine compounds with N-chlorosuccinimide and subsequent ring expansion of the resulting ketiminium ion intermediates with trimethylsilyldiazomethane afforded fused 3-benzazepines in a one-pot operation. Importantly, the Dolby-Weinreb enamine, which is a key synthetic intermediate for harringtonine alkaloids, cephalotaxines, can be accessed from commercial materials in only two steps using our developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Xu L, Guo FW, Zhang XQ, Zhou TY, Wang CJ, Wei MY, Gu YC, Wang CY, Shao CL. Discovery, total syntheses and potent anti-inflammatory activity of pyrrolinone-fused benzoazepine alkaloids Asperazepanones A and B from Aspergillus candidus. Commun Chem 2022; 5:80. [PMID: 36697682 PMCID: PMC9814288 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are well established as an important resource and play an important role in drug discovery. Here, two pyrrolinone-fused benzoazepine alkaloids, (+)-asperazepanones A (1) and B (2) with a 6/7/5 ring system, together with the artifact (-)-asperazepanone A (1), were isolated from the coral-derived Aspergillus candidus fungus. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD calculations. Furthermore, total syntheses of (±)-1 and (±)-2 have been achieved starting from the commercially L-aspartic acid diethyl ester hydrochloride and monoethyl malonate in 7 and 8 steps, respectively. The key step in the syntheses was an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction to build the unique tricyclic skeleton. Interestingly, (+)-2 not only showed obviously inhibitory activity against NO production, but also inhibited potent LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at the concentration of 0.1 μM. It thus represents a potentially promising lead for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Feng-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266200, China.
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6
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Liu S, Hu W, Hao W, Xia J, Cai M. Regio- and Diastereoselective Construction of Functionalized Benzo[ b]oxepines and Benzo[ b]azepines via Recyclable Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclizations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7239-7252. [PMID: 35593503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous gold-catalyzed cyclization of (o-alkynyl)phenoxy- or N-(o-alkynylphenyl)tolylsulfonamidoacrylates with alcohols has been developed by using an MCM-41-anchored diphenylphosphine-Au(I) complex [MCM-41-Ph2P-AuNTf2] as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions, yielding diverse functionalized benzo[b]oxepines or benzo[b]azepines with good to high yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. This heterogenized gold(I) catalyst exhibits a comparable activity to homogeneous Ph3PAuNTf2 and can be facilely recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and reused more than seven times with almost a consistent catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wenyan Hao
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jianhui Xia
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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7
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Das S. Recent applications of quinolinium salts in the synthesis of annulated heterocycles. SYNOPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1834-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives are frequently found in natural products and biologically active compounds, however, construction of quinoline fused polyheterocycles is the challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry. In this regard, quinolinium salts meet the demand to a great level, as they can be synthesized readily and employed effectively for the rapid construction of condensed heterocyclic core. The present review focuses on recent (2015-2021) applications of different quinolinium salts that react with suitable partners to access diverse annulated products. Most of the reactions discussed here involve easily available starting materials, operationally simple, high atom efficiency and environmentally benign. Mechanistic aspects of representative transformations have also been highlighted for better understanding of reaction pathway.
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8
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Lohmann N, Milovanović V, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Metal-free oxoammonium salt-mediated C(sp 3)-H oxidative Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2896-2908. [PMID: 35319061 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient oxidative C(sp3)-H Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction of cyclic benzylic amines to the corresponding α-tetrazolo compounds using a TEMPO salt as mild hydride abstractor-type oxidant is reported. This simple one-pot approach allows the direct functionalization of N-heterocycles such as tetrahydroisoquinolines with a variety of isocyanides and NaN3 as a practical azide source. The reaction proceeds at room temperature and without the need of acid additives, allowing for the use of sensitive substrates, while minimizing isocyanide polymerization to provide the desired heterocycle-tetrazole products in synthetically useful yields (up to 99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lohmann
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany. .,University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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9
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Zhang X, Wang X, Jiao C, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang G. Transition-metal-free, mild and efficient ring expansion of amino acid derivatives: facile access to densely functionalized azepines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild, practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of valuable azepine products was achieved by the ring expansion of easily accessible amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chenchen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (HNU), 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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10
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Xie X, Sun J. [4+3]-Cycloaddition Reaction of Sulfilimines with Cyclobutenones: Access to Benzazepinones. Org Lett 2021; 23:8921-8925. [PMID: 34723560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free [4+3]-cycloaddition reaction of N-aryl sulfilimines with cyclobutenones is described, which provides a straightforward protocol for synthesizing 1,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[b]azepin-2-ones under mild reaction conditions. This reaction features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and does not require catalysts or additives. Moreover, using N-pyridinyl sulfilimine as the substrate, a series of pyridoazepinones have also been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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11
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Belyakova YY, Radulov PS. Synthesis of cyclic aza-peroxides (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021; 57:908-910. [PMID: 34602645 PMCID: PMC8475339 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A summary of approaches developed for the synthesis of stable cyclic aza-peroxides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Yu. Belyakova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Peter S. Radulov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991 Russia
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12
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An Z, Ren Y, Liu Y, Yan R. I 2 -Promoted Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization of Butenyl Anilines: A Facile Route to Benzo[b]azepines. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2614-2617. [PMID: 34342932 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free approach for the synthesis of seven-membered N-heterocycles has been developed by the I2 -promoted intramolecular cross-coupling/annulation of butenyl anilines. This cyclization reaction involves C-H activation and C-C bond formation and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of benzo[b]azepine derivatives are obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Chemical Science and Engineering College, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750000, P. R. China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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13
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Khan A, Silva LF, Rabnawaz M. Iodine(III)‐Promoted Ring Expansion Reactions: A Metal‐Free Approach toward Seven‐Membered Heterocyclic Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmir Khan
- School of Packaging Michigan State University 448 Wilson Road East Lansing MI 48824-1223 USA
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo SP CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo SP CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Muhammad Rabnawaz
- School of Packaging Michigan State University 448 Wilson Road East Lansing MI 48824-1223 USA
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14
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Liu X, Wang J, Dong G. Modular Entry to Functionalized Tetrahydrobenzo[ b]azepines via the Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis Enabled by a C7-Modified Norbornene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9991-10004. [PMID: 34161077 PMCID: PMC9142336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepines (THBAs) are commonly found in many bioactive compounds; however, the modular preparation of functionalized THBAs remains challenging to date. Here, we report a straightforward method to synthesize THBAs directly from simple aryl iodides via palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. Capitalizing on an olefin-tethered electrophilic amine reagent, an ortho amination followed by 7-exo-trig Heck cyclization furnishes the seven-membered heterocycle. To overcome the difficulty with ortho-unsubstituted aryl iodide substrates, we discovered a unique C7-bromo-substituted NBE (N1) to offer the desired reactivity and selectivity. In addition to THBAs, synthesis of other benzo-seven-membered ring compounds can also be promoted by N1. Combined experimental and computational studies show that the C7-bromo group in N1 plays an important and versatile role in this catalysis, including promoting β-carbon elimination, suppressing benzocyclobutene formation, and stabilizing reaction intermediates. The mechanistic insights gained could guide future catalyst design. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated in a streamlined synthesis of tolvaptan and forming diverse pharmaceutically relevant THBA derivatives. Finally, a complementary and general catalytic condition to access C6-substituted THBAs from ortho-substituted aryl iodides has also been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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15
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Kim J, Yoo EJ. Catalytic Ring Expansion of Activated Heteroarenes Enabled by Regioselective Dearomatization. Org Lett 2021; 23:4256-4260. [PMID: 34029104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ring expansion of activated heteroarenes through 1,4-dearomative addition of diazoacetates was established for the construction of various fused azepines by an elaborate control of the reaction kinetics at each step. The use of a silver catalyst was essential to drive the overall reaction for generating the desired seven-membered azepines. Because of the excellent substrate scope and selectivity, the developed methodology presents an innovative approach for the synthesis of multifused azepines, which are biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Yoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kaur M, Garg S, Malhi DS, Sohal HS. A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Properties of Seven Membered Heterocyclic Compounds: Azepine, Azepane, Azepinone. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825999210104222338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven membered heterocyclic Azepine and its derivatives have great pharmacological
and therapeutic implications. In this review, the literature of the last fifty years has
been exploited for the synthesis, reaction, and biological properties of these seven-member
heterocyclic compounds. Most of the mechanisms involved the ring expansion of either five
or six-membered compounds using various methods such as thermally, photo-chemically, and
microwave irradiation. The systematically designed schemes involve the synthesis of different
derivatives of azepine, azepinone, azepane, etc., using similar moieties by various researchers.
However, there is much work yet to be done in the biological section, as it is not
explored and reported in the literature; therefore, N-containing seven-membered heterocycles
still have much scope for the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambeer S. Malhi
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Harvinder S. Sohal
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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17
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Mailloux MJ, Fleming GS, Kumta SS, Beeler AB. Unified Synthesis of Azepines by Visible-Light-Mediated Dearomative Ring Expansion of Aromatic N-Ylides. Org Lett 2021; 23:525-529. [PMID: 33395312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a unified approach to azepines by dearomative photochemical rearrangement of aromatic N-ylides. Deprotonation of quaternary aromatic salts with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylquanidine (TMG) under visible light irradiation provides mono- and polycyclic azepines in yields up to 98%. This ring-expansion presents a new mode of access to functionalized azepines from N-heteroarenes using two straightforward steps and simple starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gabrielle S Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Shruti S Kumta
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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18
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Xiong W, Hu K, Lei Y, Zhen Q, Zhao Z, Shao Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Chen J. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of 2-(Cyanomethoxy)chalcones with Arylboronic Acids: Selective Synthesis of Emissive Benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines. Org Lett 2019; 22:1239-1243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Xiong
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yetong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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19
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Wang S, Guillot R, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y, Bour C, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Bridged Tetrahydrobenzo[
b
]azepines and Derivatives through an Aza‐Piancatelli Cyclization/Michael Addition Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1134-1138. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS UMR 6226 ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
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20
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Wang S, Guillot R, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y, Bour C, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Bridged Tetrahydrobenzo[
b
]azepines and Derivatives through an Aza‐Piancatelli Cyclization/Michael Addition Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS UMR 6226 ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
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21
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Brandhofer T, Gini A, Stockerl S, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Direct C–H Bond Imidation with Benzoyl Peroxide as a Mild Oxidant and a Reagent. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12992-13002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brandhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Gini
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stockerl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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