1
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Trivalent dialkylaminopyridine-catalyzed site-selective mono- O-acylation of partially-protected pyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5134-5149. [PMID: 38847370 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates trivalent tris-(3-N-methyl-N-pyridyl propyl)amine (1) catalyzing the site-selective mono-O-acylation of glycopyranosides. Different acid anhydrides were used for the acylation of monosaccharides, mediated by catalyst 1, at a loading of 1.5 mol%; the extent of site-selectivity and the yields of mono-O-acylation products were assessed. The reactions were performed between 2 and 10 h, depending on the nature of the acid anhydride, where the bulkier pivalic anhydride required a longer duration for acylation. The glycopyranosides are maintained as diols and triols, and from a set of experiments, the site-selectivity of acylations was observed to follow the intrinsic reactivities and stereochemistry of hydroxy functionalities. The trivalent catalyst 1 mediates the reactions with excellent site-selectivities for mono-O-acylation product formation in the studied glycopyranosides, in comparison to the monovalent N,N-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) catalyst. This study illustrates the benefits of the multivalency of catalytic moieties in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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2
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Zhang H, Shimoyama Y, Nakajima Y. Ester hydrogenolysis via β-C-O bond cleavage catalysed by a phenanthroline-based PNNP-cobalt(I) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:823-826. [PMID: 38116606 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A Co(I) catalyst bearing a phenanthroline-based PNNP ligand (2,9-bis((diphenylphosphanyl)methyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) exhibits long-range metal ligand cooperation behavior using a ligand backbone as a hydrogen reservoir and catalyses hydrogenolysis of benzyl benzoate derivatives via β-C-O cleavage with atmospheric pressure H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Shimoyama
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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3
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Wang G, Ho CC, Zhou Z, Hao YJ, Lv J, Jin J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Site-Selective C-O Bond Editing of Unprotected Saccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:824-832. [PMID: 38123470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and its polyhydroxy saccharide analogs are complex molecules that serve as essential structural components in biomacromolecules, natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Within the expansive realm of saccharides, a significant area of research revolves around chemically transforming naturally abundant saccharide units to intricate or uncommon molecules such as oligosaccharides or rare sugars. However, partly due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups with similar reactivities and the structural complexities arising from stereochemistry, the transformation of unprotected sugars to the desired target molecules remains challenging. One such formidable challenge lies in the efficient and selective activation and modification of the C-O bonds in saccharides. In this study, we disclose a modular 2-fold "tagging-editing" strategy that allows for direct and selective editing of C-O bonds of saccharides, enabling rapid preparation of valuable molecules such as rare sugars and drug derivatives. The first step, referred to as "tagging", involves catalytic site-selective installation of a photoredox active carboxylic ester group to a specific hydroxyl unit of an unprotected sugar. The second step, namely, "editing", features a C-O bond cleavage to form a carbon radical intermediate that undergoes further transformations such as C-H and C-C bond formations. Our strategy constitutes the most effective and shortest route in direct transformation and modification of medicines and other molecules bearing unprotected sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chang Chin Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhixu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong-Jia Hao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jie Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiamiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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4
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Zhou Y, Liao KS, Chen TY, Hsieh YSY, Wong CH. Effective Organotin-Mediated Regioselective Functionalization of Unprotected Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37167441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of unprotected carbohydrates at a secondary OH group in the presence of primary OH groups based on the commonly used organotin-mediated reaction has been improved. We found that the preactivation of the dibutylstannylene acetal intermediate with tetrabutylammonium bromide in toluene is a key to the improved condition for the efficient, high-yielding, and regioselective tosylation, benzoylation, or benzylation of unprotected carbohydrates. The counteranion of tetrabutylammonium ion with a weak coordination ability plays a crucial role in the improved regioselective reactions. A convenient access to the intermediates of synthetic value is also demonstrated in the organotin-mediated regioselective tosylation of unprotected carbohydrates, followed by the nucleophilic inversion reaction to give sulfur-containing and azide-modified carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Williams OP, Chmiel AF, Mikhael M, Bates DM, Yeung CS, Wickens ZK. Practical and General Alcohol Deoxygenation Protocol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300178. [PMID: 36840940 PMCID: PMC10121858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a practical protocol for the removal of alcohol functional groups through reductive cleavage of their benzoate ester analogs. This transformation requires a strong single electron transfer (SET) reductant and a means to accelerate slow fragmentation following substrate reduction. To accomplish this, we developed a photocatalytic system that generates a potent reductant from formate salts alongside Brønsted or Lewis acids that promote fragmentation of the reduced intermediate. This deoxygenation procedure is effective across structurally and electronically diverse alcohols and enables a variety of difficult net transformations. This protocol requires no precautions to exclude air or moisture and remains efficient on multigram scale. Finally, the system can be adapted to a one-pot benzoylation-deoxygenation sequence to enable direct alcohol deletion. Mechanistic studies validate that the role of acidic additives is to promote the key C(sp3 )-O bond fragmentation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Myriam Mikhael
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Desiree M. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Charles S. Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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6
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Ueda Y. Site-Selective Molecular Transformation: Acylation of Hydroxy Groups and C-H Amination. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:931-944. [PMID: 34602573 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Control of site selectivity is an exciting direction for synthetic organic chemistry owing to the possibility of selective modification of multifunctionalized molecules, ultimately including biomacromolecules. In this review, our recent research related to site selectivity in two types of transformation, namely, the acylation of hydroxy groups and C-H amination, is summarized. Regarding the acylation of hydroxy groups, catalyst-controlled site selectivity enables unconventional retrosynthetic analysis, leading to efficient syntheses of sugar-related natural and unnatural products. Regarding C-H amination, the discovery of unprecedented reaction sites in intermolecular amination mediated by dirhodium nitrenes is described. The findings of this research demonstrate the power of site-selective transformation in the synthesis of a particular class of compounds.
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7
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Wan IC(S, Hamlin TA, Eisink NNHM, Marinus N, Boer C, Vis CA, Codée JDC, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ, Bickelhaupt FM. On the Origin of Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Glucosides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ieng Chim (Steven) Wan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Institution Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Institution Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek N. H. M. Eisink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nittert Marinus
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Boer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A. Vis
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Institution Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM) Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Ueda Y, Kawabata T. Catalyst-Controlled Site-Selective Acylation and its Application to Unconventional Total Synthesis of Natural Glycosides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Song G, Jeong KS. Aromatic Helical Foldamers as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Regioselective Acetylation of Octyl β-d-Glucopyranoside. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2475-2481. [PMID: 33206472 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two indolocarbazole-naphthyridine foldamers 2 and 3 that fold into helical conformations were prepared. The 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) moiety was introduced at one end of the foldamer strands to develop foldamer-based catalysts for the site-selective acylation of polyols. These foldamers adopt helical conformations containing internal cavities capable of binding octyl β-d-glucopyranoside. The association constants were determined to be 1.9 (±0.1)×105 M-1 for 2 and 2.1 (±0.1)×105 M-1 for 3 in CH2 Cl2 at 25 °C. In the presence of DMAP, 2 or 3 as the catalysts, octyl β-d-glucopyranoside was subjected to acetylation under identical reaction conditions. The DMAP-catalysed reaction afforded the random distribution of the monoacetylates (6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc : 2-OAc=33 : 24 : 41 : 2). In contrast, foldamers 2 and 3 led to the predominant formation of 6-OAc. The relative distributions were estimated to be 6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc=88 : 4 : 6 : ∼0 with 2 and 6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc : 2-OAc=90 : 3 : 6 : 1 with 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunmoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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10
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Marinus N, Tahiri N, Duca M, Mouthaan LMCM, Bianca S, van den Noort M, Poolman B, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ. Stereoselective Protection-Free Modification of 3-Keto-saccharides. Org Lett 2020; 22:5622-5626. [PMID: 32635733 PMCID: PMC7372562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected 3-keto-saccharides have become readily accessible via site-selective oxidation, but their protection-free functionalization is relatively unexplored. Here we show that protecting groups are obsolete in a variety of stereoselective modifications of our model substrate methyl α-glucopyranoside. This allows the preparation of rare sugars and the installation of click handles and reactive groups. To showcase the applicability of the methodology, maltoheptaose has been converted into a chemical probe, and the rare sugar evalose has been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittert Marinus
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Nabil Tahiri
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Margherita Duca
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - L. M. C. Marc Mouthaan
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Bianca
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van den Noort
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Biochemistry & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department
of Biochemistry, Groningen Biochemistry & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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11
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Luo T, Zhang Y, Xi J, Lu Y, Dong H. Improved Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Glycosides by Suppressing Thioacetyl Migration. Front Chem 2020; 8:319. [PMID: 32391332 PMCID: PMC7191076 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex mixtures were often observed when we attempted to synthesize 4-thio- and 2,4-dithio-glycoside derivatives by double parallel and double serial inversion, thus leading to no or low yields of target products. The reason was later found to be that many unexpected side products were produced when a nucleophile substituted the leaving group on the substrate containing the thioacetate group. We hypothesized that thioacetyl migration is prone to occur due to the labile thioacetate group even under weak basic conditions caused by the nucleophile, leading to this result. Therefore, we managed to inhibit the generation of thiol groups from thioacetate groups by the addition of an appropriate amount of conjugate acid/anhydride, successfully improving the synthesis of 4-thio- and 2,4-dithio-glycoside derivatives. The target products which were previously difficult to synthesize, were herein obtained in relatively high yields. Finally, 4-deoxy- and 2,4-dideoxy-glycoside derivatives were efficiently synthesized through the removal of thioacetate groups under UV light, starting from 4-thio- and 2,4-dithio-glycoside derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiafeng Xi
- Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Lv J, Zhu JJ, Liu Y, Dong H. Regioselective Sulfonylation/Acylation of Carbohydrates Catalyzed by FeCl 3 Combined with Benzoyltrifluoroacetone and Its Mechanism Study. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3307-3319. [PMID: 31984732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic amount of FeCl3 combined with benzoyl trifluoroacetone (Hbtfa) (FeCl3/Hbtfa = 1/2) was used to catalyze sulfonylation/acylation of diols and polyols using diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) or potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a base. The catalytic system exhibited high catalytic activity, leading to excellent isolated yields of sulfonylation/acylation products with high regioselectivities. Mechanism studies indicated that FeCl3 initially formed [Fe(btfa)3] (btfa = benzoyl trifluoroacetonate) with twice the amount of Hbtfa under basic conditions in the solvent acetonitrile at room temperature. Then, Fe(btfa)3 and two hydroxyl groups of the substrates formed a five- or six-membered ring intermediate in the presence of the base. The subsequent reaction between the cyclic intermediate and a sulfonylation reagent led to the selective sulfonylation of the substrate. All key intermediates were captured in the high-resolution mass spectrometry assay, therefore demonstrating this mechanism for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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