1
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Hanania N, Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. PolyBorylated Alkenes as Energy-Transfer Reactive Groups: Access to Multi-Borylated Cyclobutanes Combined with Hydrogen Atom Transfer Event. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405898. [PMID: 38603554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
While polyborylated alkenes are being recognized for their elevated status as highly valuable reagents in modern organic synthesis, allowing efficient access to a diverse array of transformations, including the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, their potential as energy-transfer reactive groups has remained unexplored. Yet, this potential holds the key to generating elusive polyborylated biradical species, which can be captured by olefins, thereby leading to the construction of new highly-borylated scaffolds. Herein, we report a designed energy-transfer strategy for photosensitized [2+2]-cycloadditions of poly-borylated alkenes with various olefins enabling the regioselective synthesis of diverse poly-borylated cyclobutane motifs, including the 1,1-di-, 1,1,2-tri-, and 1,1,2,2-tetra-borylated cyclobutanes. In fact, these compounds belong to a family that presently lacks efficient synthetic pathways. Interestingly, when α-methylstyrene was used, the reaction involves an interesting 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Mechanistic deuterium-labeling studies have provided insight into the outcome of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer process. In addition, the polyborylated cyclobutanes are then demonstrated to be useful in selective oxidation processes resulting in the formation of cyclobutanones and γ-lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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2
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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3
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Wei Y, Xie XY, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang B, Chen XY, Li SJ, Lan Y, Hong K. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401050. [PMID: 38444397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α-halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross-coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron-containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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4
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Fernández E. α-Boryl Carbanions: The Influence of Geminal Heteroatoms in C-C Bond Formation. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300349. [PMID: 38308376 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The wide applications of alpha-boryl carbanions in selective coupling with organohalides, imines/carbonyls and conjugated unsaturated substrates has become an interesting tool for organic synthesis. Strategically, the inclusion of heteroatoms, such as Si, S, N, F, Cl, Br and I in the alpha position opens a new venue towards multifunctionalities in molecular design. Here, a conceptual and practical view on powerful carbanions, containing α-silicoboron, α-thioboron, α-haloboron and α-aminoboron is given, as well as a prespective on their efficient application for selective electrophilic trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández
- Dept. Química Física i Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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5
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Ning PF, Wei Y, Chen XY, Yang YF, Gao FC, Hong K. A General Method to Access Sterically Encumbered Geminal Bis(boronates) via Formal Umpolung Transformation of Terminal Diboron Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315232. [PMID: 38059757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
General methods for the preparation of geminal bis(boronates) are of great interest due to their widespread applications in organic synthesis. While the terminal gem-diboron compounds are readily accessible, the construction of the sterically encumbered, internal analogues has remained a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a formal umpolung strategy to access these valuable building blocks. The readily available 1,1-diborylalkanes were first converted into the corresponding α-halogenated derivatives, which then serve as electrophilic components, undergoing a formal substitution with a diverse array of nucleophiles to form a series of C-C, C-O, C-S, and C-N bonds. This protocol features good tolerance to steric hindrance and a wide variety of functional groups and heterocycles. Notably, this strategy can also be extended to the synthesis of diaryl and terminal gem-diboron compounds, therefore providing a general approach to various types of geminal bis(boronates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ning
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Feng-Chen Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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6
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wang L, Ding S, Song L, Zhang X, Wu YD, Sun J. Ir-Catalyzed Regioselective Dihydroboration of Thioalkynes toward Gem-Diboryl Thioethers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2305-2314. [PMID: 36657379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
While 1,1-diboryl (gem-diboryl) compounds are valuable synthetic building blocks, currently, related studies have mainly focused on those 1,1-diboryl alkanes without a hetero functional group in the α-position. gem-Diboryl compounds with an α-hetero substituent, though highly versatile, have been limitedly accessible and thus rarely utilized. Herein, we have developed the first α-dihydroboration of heteroalkynes leading to the efficient construction of gem-diboryl, hetero-, and tetra-substituted carbon centers. This straightforward, practical, mild, and atom-economic reaction is an attractive complement to the conventional multistep synthetic strategy relying on deprotonation of gem-diborylmethane by a strong base. Specifically, [Ir(cod)(OMe)]2 was found to be uniquely effective for this process of thioalkynes, leading to excellent α-regioselectivity when delivering the two boryl groups, which is remarkable in view of the many competitive paths including monohydroboration, 1,2-dihydroboration, dehydrodiboration, triboration, tetraboration, etc. Control experiments combined with DFT calculations suggested that this process involves two sequential hydroboration events. The second hydroboration requires a higher energy barrier due to severe steric repulsion in generating the highly congested α-sulfenyl gem-diboryl carbon center, a structural motif that was almost unknown before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
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7
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Fang T, Xu L, Qin Y, Jiang N, Liu C. A Novel Synthesis of Halogenated gem-Diboron Reagents. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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8
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1,6-Conjugate addition of para-quinone methides using gem-diborylcarbanions: Practical access to gem-diborylalkanes bearing vicinal tertiary/quaternary stereocenters. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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9
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Sun C, Yin G. Integrating aryl chlorides into nickel-catalyzed 1,1-difunctionalization of alkenes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Sheikh S, Nasseri MA, Chahkandi M, Reiser O, Allahresani A. Dendritic structured palladium complexes: magnetically retrievable, highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8833-8840. [PMID: 35424882 PMCID: PMC8985118 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recyclable nanomagnetic Pd-complex PAMAM G0-Pd@γ-Fe2O3 is reported for catalytic C–C cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates. Mainly, a great variety of aryl chlorides can be used as substrates for Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions under mild reaction conditions (60–90 °C) and low catalyst loading (<1 mol% Pd) in aqueous media. The presence of numerous polar groups in the polymer matrix increases the solubility of the catalyst in water, thus facilitating its operation in aqueous environments. The immobilization of the catalyst on the surface of a magnetic platform allows its effective recovery and reuse without significant loss of catalytic activity for at least six cycles with total leaching of <1% palladium metal, meeting the requirements for acceptable metal residues in the pharmaceutical industry. The recyclable nanomagnetic Pd-complex PAMAM G0-Pd@γ-Fe2O3 is reported for catalytic C–C cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran .,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg German
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran
| | - Mohammad Chahkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University P. O. Box 96179-76487 Sabzevar Iran
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg German
| | - Ali Allahresani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran
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11
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Liu W, Shen Z, Xu S. Synthesis of 1,1-Diboron Alkanes via Diborylation of Unactivated Primary C(sp 3)—H Bonds Enabled by AsPh 3/Iridium Catalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Lee Y, Han S, Cho SH. Catalytic Chemo- and Enantioselective Transformations of gem-Diborylalkanes and (Diborylmethyl)metallic Species. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3917-3929. [PMID: 34612034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemo- and stereoselective transformations of polyborylalkanes are powerful and efficient methods to access optically active molecules with greater complexity and diversity through programmed synthetic design. Among the various polyborylalkanes, gem-diborylalkanes have attracted much attention in organic chemistry as versatile synthetic handles. The notable advantage of gem-diborylalkanes lies in their ability to generate two key intermediates, α-borylalkyl anions and (gem-diborylalkyl) anions. These two different intermediates can be applied to various enantioselective reactions to rapidly access a diverse set of enantioenriched organoboron compounds, which can be further manipulated to generate various chiral molecule libraries via stereospecific C(sp3)-B bond transformations.In this Account, we summarize our recent contributions to the development of catalytic chemo- and stereoselective reactions using gem-diborylalkanes as versatile nucleophiles, which can be categorized as follows: (1) copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling of gem-diborylalkanes with electrophiles and (2) the design and synthesis of (diborylmethyl)metallic species and their applications to enantioselective reactions. Since Shibata and Endo reported the Pd-catalyzed chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of gem-diborylalkanes with organohalides in 2014, Morken and Hall subsequently developed the first enantioselective analogous reactions using TADDOL-derived chiral phosphoramidite as the supporting ligand of a palladium catalyst. This discovery sparked interest in the catalytic enantioselective coupling of gem-diborylalkanes with electrophiles. Our initial studies focused on generating chiral (α-borylmethyl)copper species by enantiotopic-group-selective transmetalation of gem-diborylalkanes with chiral copper complexes and their reactions with various aldimines and ketimines to afford syn-β-aminoboronate esters with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, we developed the enantioselective allylation of gem-diborylalkanes that proceeded by reaction of in situ-generated chiral (α-borylalkyl)copper and allyl bromides. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the enantiotopic-group-selective transmetalation between gem-diborylalkanes and the chiral copper complex occurred through the open transition state rather than the closed transition state, thereby effectively generating chiral (α-borylmethyl)copper species. We also utilized (diborylmethyl)metallic species such as (diborylmethyl)silanes and (diborylmethyl)zinc halides in catalytic enantioselective reactions. We succeeded in developing the enantiotopic-group-selective cross-coupling of (diborylmethyl)silanes with aryl iodides to afford enantioenriched benzylic 1,1-silylboronate esters, which could be used for further consecutive stereospecific transformations to afford various enantioenriched molecules. In addition, we synthesized (diborylmethyl)zinc halides for the first time by the transmetalation of isolated (diborylmethyl)lithium and zinc(II) halides and their utilization to the synthesis of enantioenriched gem-diborylalkanes bearing a chiral center at the β-position via an iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution process. In addition to our research efforts, we also include key contributions by other research groups. We hope that this Account will draw the attention of the synthetic community to gem-diboryl compounds and provide guiding principles for the future development of catalytic enantioselective reactions using gem-diboryl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeosan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungcheol Han
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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13
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Eghbarieh N, Hanania N, Zamir A, Nassir M, Stein T, Masarwa A. Stereoselective Diels-Alder Reactions of gem-Diborylalkenes: Toward the Synthesis of gem-Diboron-Based Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6211-6220. [PMID: 33852300 PMCID: PMC8488944 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although gem-diborylalkenes are known to be among the most valuable reagents in modern organic synthesis, providing a rapid access to a wide array of transformations, including the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, their use as dienophile-reactive groups has been rare. Herein we report the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of (unsymmetrical) gem-diborylalkenes. These reactions provide a general and efficient method for the stereoselective conversion of gem-diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1-bisborylcyclohexenes. Using the same DA reaction manifold with borylated-dienes and gem-diborylalkenes, we also developed a concise, highly regioselective synthesis of 1,1,2-tris- and 1,1,3,4-tetrakis(boronates)cyclohexenes, a family of compounds that currently lack efficient synthetic access. Furthermore, DFT calculations provided insight into the underlying factors that control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of these DA reactions. This method also provides stereodivergent syntheses of gem-diborylnorbornenes. The utility of the gem-diborylnorbornene building blocks was demonstrated by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), providing a highly modular approach to the first synthesis of the gem-diboron-based polymers. Additionally, these polymers have been successfully submitted to postpolymerization modification reactions. Given its simplicity and versatility, we believe that this novel DA and ROMP approach holds great promise for organoboron synthesis as well as organoboron-based polymers and that it will result in more novel transformations in both academic and industrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nicole Hanania
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alon Zamir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.,Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tamar Stein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.,Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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14
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Witte F, Zucker SP, Paulus B, Tzschucke CC. Unexpected Substituent Effects in Aryl-Aryl Negishi Cross-Coupling Reactions Rationalized by Density Functional Theory and Natural Charges. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witte
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sina P. Zucker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - C. Christoph Tzschucke
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
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15
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Kim M, Lee JH, Cho SH. Pd‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Vinyl Bromides with Diborylmethylzinc Chloride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Dongguk University Gyeongju Campus Gyeongju 38066 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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16
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Wu C, Bao Z, Dou B, Wang J. Generation of α-Boryl Radicals and Their Conjugate Addition to Enones: Transition-Metal-Free Alkylation of gem-Diborylalkanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:2294-2298. [PMID: 33064327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free method for the alkylation of gem-diborylalkanes with α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed. It is demonstrated that the α-boryl radicals can be generated efficiently from gem-diborylalkanes with the aid of catechol and oxidants. The α-boryl radicals formed through such process can be engaged in conjugate addition reaction with α,β-unsaturated ketones. This transformation is a straightforward method for the synthesis of γ-borylketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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17
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Sun W, Hu Y, Xia C, Liu C. Recent advances in the synthesis and transformation of gem-borylsilylalkanes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
gem-Borylsilylalkanes have emerged as powerful reagents and attracted increasing attention in synthetic chemistry. This review summarizes the recent development in the synthesis of gem-borylsilylalkanes and their chemoselective transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang C, Wu X, Wang C, Zhang C, Qu J, Chen Y. Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization/Deborylation of Alkene-Tethered Carbamoyl Chloride and 1,1-Diborylmethane. Org Lett 2020; 22:6376-6381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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19
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Kumar N, Eghbarieh N, Stein T, Shames AI, Masarwa A. Photoredox-Mediated Reaction of gem-Diborylalkenes: Reactivity Toward Diverse 1,1-Bisborylalkanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5360-5364. [PMID: 32141638 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of gem-diborylalkenes as radical-reactive groups is explored for the first time. These reactions provide an efficient and general method for the photochemical conversion of gem-diborylalkenes to rapidly access 1,1-bisborylalkanes. This method exploits a novel photoredox decarboxylative radical addition to gem-diborylalkenes to afford α-gem-diboryl carbon-centered radicals, which benefit from additional stability by virtue of an interaction with the empty p-orbitals on borons. The reaction offers a highly modular and regioselective approach to γ-amino gem-diborylalkanes. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations have provided insight into the radical mechanism underlying the photochemistry reaction and the stability of the bis-metalated radicals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivesh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Tamar Stein
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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20
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Shin M, Kim M, Hwang C, Lee H, Kwon H, Park J, Lee E, Cho SH. Facile Synthesis of α-Boryl-Substituted Allylboronate Esters Using Stable Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methylzinc Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:2476-2480. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Chiwon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Hyojae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Rep. of Korea
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21
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Hu M, Ge S. Versatile cobalt-catalyzed regioselective chain-walking double hydroboration of 1,n-dienes to access gem-bis(boryl)alkanes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:765. [PMID: 32034153 PMCID: PMC7005816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Double hydroboration of dienes is the addition of a hydrogen and a boryl group to the two double bonds of a diene molecule and represents a straightforward and effective protocol to prepare synthetically versatile bis(boryl)alkanes, provided that this reaction occurs selectively. However, this reaction can potentially yield several isomeric organoboron products, and it still remains a challenge to control the regioselectivity of this reaction, which allows the selective production of a single organoboron product, in particular, for a broad scope of dienes. By employing a readily available cobalt catalyst, here we show that this double hydroboration yields synthetically useful gem-bis(boryl)alkanes with excellent regioselectivity. In addition, the scope of dienes for this reaction is broad and encompasses a wide range of conjugated and non-conjugated dienes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that this cobalt-catalyzed double hydroboration occurs through boryl-directed chain-walking hydroboration of alkenylboronates generated from anti-Markovnikov 1,2-hydroboration of 1,n-diene. Control of regioselectivity in the double hydroboration of dienes to obtain a single organoboron compound is a considerable synthetic challenge. Here, the authors show a cobalt-catalyzed chain-walking double hydroboration of 1,n-dienes to access gem-bis(boryl)alkanes with regioselective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaozhong Ge
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.
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