1
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Esselman BJ, Pimentel EB, Styers WH, Jean DR, Woods RC, McMahon RJ. The 235-360 GHz Rotational Spectrum of 1-Oxaspiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one─Analysis of the Ground Vibrational State and Its 10 Lowest-Energy Vibrationally Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:191-203. [PMID: 38153243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The millimeter-wave rotational spectrum of 1-oxaspiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one (1) was collected from 235 to 360 GHz. With the rotational spectrum of this compound available for the first time, more than 5500 a- and c-type transitions were observed and assigned for the vibrational ground state. These transitions were least-squares fit to S- and A-reduced, sextic distorted-rotor Hamiltonians in the Ir representation (σfit = 37 kHz). Additionally, transitions of four fundamental states (ν22, ν21, ν39, and ν38), four overtone states (2ν22, 3ν22, 4ν22, and 5ν22), and two combination states (ν22 + ν21 and ν22 + ν39) were measured, assigned, and least-squares fit to single-state, S- and A-reduced, sextic distorted-rotor Hamiltonians in the Ir representation (σfit < 42 kHz). The computed vibration-rotation interaction constants (B0 - Bv) (MP2 and B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)) were compared to their corresponding experimental values, showing excellent agreement for all fundamental states. Based on the intensities of the transitions from six members of the v ν22 series, the fundamental frequency of ν22 was determined to be 79.0 (2.1) cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Esselman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Edward B Pimentel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - William H Styers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dairen R Jean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - R Claude Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Rajput D, Jan G, Karuppasamy M, Bhuvanesh N, Nagarajan S, Maheswari CU, Menéndez JC, Sridharan V. Rapid Assembly of Functionalized 2 H-Chromenes and 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Microwave-Assisted Secondary Amine-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of 2- O/ N-Propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-Dialkylphenols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11778-11792. [PMID: 37556760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, secondary amine-catalyzed cascade annulation of 2-O/N-propargylarylaldehydes with 2,6-dialkylphenols was established to access biologically relevant functionalized 2H-chromenes and 1,2-dihydroquinolines tethered with a synthetically useful p-quinone methide scaffold in high yields under microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions. The microwave-assisted strategy was convenient, clean, rapid, and high yielding in which the reactions were completed in just 15 min, and the yields obtained were up to 95%. This highly atom-economical domino process constructed two new C-C double bonds and a six-membered O/N-heterocyclic ring in a single synthetic operation. Its mechanism process was rationalized as involving sequential iminium ion formation, nucleophilic addition, and intramolecular annulation steps. Furthermore, the synthesized 2H-chromene derivatives were transformed into valuable indeno[2,1-c]chromenes, 5H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolines, and oxireno[2,3-c]chromene via a palladium-catalyzed double C-H bond activation process and epoxidation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gowsia Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu 181143, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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3
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Wiley RE, McLaughlin MF, Johnson JS. Dearomatization of Cyclic Diphenylhydrazines: Harnessing the o-Semidine Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:8014-8018. [PMID: 36269213 PMCID: PMC9678246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel tetrahydroquinoline-containing spirocycles has been achieved through an acid-promoted dearomatization of cyclic diarylhydrazines. The reaction, proceeding through a dearomative o-semidine rearrangement, furnishes a stable, yet reactive spirocyclohexadieniminium ion, which can further be used as an electrophile or a diene in a one-pot sequence. These transformations efficiently produce novel diazaspirocycles and allow for further synthetic elaboration of the cyclohexadienamine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Wiley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 25799-3290, United States
| | - Michael F McLaughlin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 25799-3290, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 25799-3290, United States
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4
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Singh G, Pandey R, Pankhade YA, Fatma S, Anand RV. Construction of Oxygen- and Nitrogen-based Heterocycles from p-Quinone Methides. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4150-4173. [PMID: 34369640 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been an explosive growth in the area of para-quinone methide (p-QM) chemistry. This boom is actually due to the unique reactivity pattern of p-QMs, and also their remarkable synthetic applications. In fact, p-QMs serve as synthons for unsymmetrical diaryl- and triarylmethanes, and also for the construction of diverse range of carbocycles and heterocycles. In the last few years, a wide range of structurally complex heterocyclic frameworks could be accessed through the synthetic transformations of structurally modified stable p-QMs. Therefore, the main focus of this review article is to cover the recent advancements in the transition-metal, Lewis acid and base-catalyzed/mediated synthetic transformations of the stable p-quinone methides (p-QMs) to oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306
| | - Rajat Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306
| | - Yogesh A Pankhade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306
| | - Shaheen Fatma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306
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5
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KneŽević A, Novak J, Bosak A, Vinković M. Structural isomers of saligenin-based β2-agonists: synthesis and insight into the reaction mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9675-9688. [PMID: 33220672 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmeterol and albuterol are well-known β2-adenoreceptor agonists widely used in the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here we report the preparation of structural isomers of salmeterol and albuterol, which can be obtained from the same starting material as the corresponding β2-agonists, depending on the synthetic approach employed. Using 1D and various 2D NMR measurements, we determined that the structure of prepared isomers holds the β-aryl-β-aminoethanol moiety, in contrast to the α-aryl-β-aminoethanol moiety found in salmeterol and albuterol. We investigated the reaction of β-halohydrin and amines responsible for the formation of β-aryl-β-amino alcohol - both experimentally and using computational methods. The structure of β-halohydrin with the methyl salicylate moiety imposes the course of the reaction. The solvent plays a relevant, yet ambiguous role in the direction of the reaction, while the strength of the base influences the reaction yield and isomer ratio in a more evident way. Using computational methods, we have shown that the most probable reaction intermediate responsible for the formation of the unexpected isomer is the corresponding para-quinone methide, which can be formed due to phenol present in the methyl salicylate moiety. After successful preparation of albuterol and salmeterol isomers, we tested their inhibition potency to human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and usual and atypical butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Kinetic studies revealed that both isomers are low-potency reversible inhibitors of human cholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija KneŽević
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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6
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Chandra G, Patel S. Molecular Complexity from Aromatics: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of
para
Quinol and Masked
para
‐Quinone Monoketal. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Central University of South Bihar SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur Road Gaya Bihar India 824236
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Central University of South Bihar SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur Road Gaya Bihar India 824236
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7
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Byrne SR, Rokita SE. Unraveling Reversible DNA Cross-Links with a Biological Machine. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2903-2913. [PMID: 33147957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reversible generation and capture of certain electrophilic quinone methide intermediates support dynamic reactions with DNA that allow for migration and transfer of alkylation and cross-linking. This reversibility also expands the possible consequences that can be envisioned when confronted by DNA repair processes and biological machines. To begin testing the response to such an encounter, quinone methide-based modification of DNA has now been challenged with a helicase (T7 bacteriophage gene protein four, T7gp4) that promotes 5' to 3' translocation and unwinding. This model protein was selected based on its widespread application, well characterized mechanism and detailed structural information. Little over one-half of the cross-linking generated by a bisfunctional quinone methide remained stable to T7gp4 and did not suppress its activity. The helicase likely avoids the topological block generated by this fraction of cross-linking by its ability to shift from single- to double-stranded translocation. The remaining fraction of cross-linking was destroyed during T7gp4 catalysis. Thus, this helicase is chemically competent to promote release of the quinone methide from DNA. The ability of T7gp4 to act as a Brownian ratchet for unwinding DNA may block recapture of the QM intermediate by DNA during its transient release from a donor strand. Most surprisingly, T7gp4 releases the quinone methide from both the translocating strand that passes through its central channel and the excluded strand that was typically unaffected by other lesions. The ability of T7gp4 to reverse the cross-link formed by the quinone methide does not extend to that formed irreversibly by the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Byrne
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Training Program and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Steven E Rokita
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Training Program and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Hutchinson MA, Deeyaa BD, Byrne SR, Williams SJ, Rokita SE. Directing Quinone Methide-Dependent Alkylation and Cross-Linking of Nucleic Acids with Quaternary Amines. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1486-1496. [PMID: 32298588 PMCID: PMC7242154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine and polyammonium ion conjugates are often used to direct reagents to nucleic acids based on their strong electrostatic attraction to the phosphoribose backbone. Such nonspecific interactions do not typically alter the specificity of the attached reagent, but polyammonium ions dramatically redirected the specificity of a series of quinone methide precursors. Replacement of a relatively nonspecific intercalator based on acridine with a series of polyammonium ions resulted in a surprising change of DNA products. Piperidine stable adducts were generated in duplex DNA that lacked the ability to support a dynamic cross-linking observed previously with acridine conjugates. Minor reaction at guanine N7, the site of reversible reaction, was retained by a monofunctional quinone methide-polyammonium ion conjugate, but a bisfunctional analogue designed for tandem quinone methide formation modified guanine N7 in only single-stranded DNA. The resulting intrastrand cross-links were sufficiently dynamic to rearrange to interstrand cross-links. However, no further transfer of adducts was observed in duplex DNA. An alternative design that spatially and temporally decoupled the two quinone methide equivalents neither restored the dynamic reaction nor cross-linked DNA efficiently. While di- and triammonium ion conjugates successfully enhanced the yields of cross-linking by a bisquinone methide relative to a monoammonium equivalent, alternative ligands will be necessary to facilitate the migration of cross-linking and its potential application to disrupt DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Blessing D. Deeyaa
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Shane R. Byrne
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Sierra J. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Steven E. Rokita
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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9
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Abstract
The straightforward oxidation of electron-rich arenes, namely, phenols, naphthols, and anisole derivatives, under mild reaction conditions, is described by means of the use of an environmentally benign HFIP-UHP system. The corresponding quinones or hydroxylated arenes were obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Llopis
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica and Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica and Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
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10
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Lima CGS, Pauli FP, Costa DCS, de Souza AS, Forezi LSM, Ferreira VF, de Carvalho da Silva F. para
-Quinone Methides as Acceptors in 1,6-Nucleophilic Conjugate Addition Reactions for the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Molecules. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G. S. Lima
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Pauli
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Dora C. S. Costa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Acácio S. de Souza
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Luana S. M. Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica; Universidade Federal Fluminense; 24241-000 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
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11
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Uyanik M, Nishioka K, Kondo R, Ishihara K. Chemoselective oxidative generation of ortho-quinone methides and tandem transformations. Nat Chem 2020; 12:353-362. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Rayati S, Moradi D, Nejabat F. Magnetically recoverable porphyrin-based nanocatalysts for the effective oxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide: a comparative study. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles, which is achieved by the attachment of metalloporphyrin onto the surface of amine functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles via an amide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rayati
- Department of Chemistry
- K.N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran 15418
- Iran
| | - Dana Moradi
- Department of Chemistry
- K.N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran 15418
- Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nejabat
- Department of Chemistry
- K.N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran 15418
- Iran
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13
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Terashima K, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Agou T, Kubota T, Yamazaki T. Construction of trifluoromethylated quaternary stereocenters via p-quinone methides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3031-3034. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of a new synthetic method for the construction of quaternary centers with a CF3 group was realized by way of 1,6-addition of various nucleophiles to highly reactive δ-trifluoromethylated p-quinone methides generated in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Terashima
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering
- Ibaraki University
- Hitachi 316-8511
- Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering
- Ibaraki University
- Hitachi 316-8511
- Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
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14
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Deeyaa BD, Rokita SE. Migratory ability of quinone methide-generating acridine conjugates in DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1671-1678. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of a bisquinone methide–acridine conjugate to its monofunctional analogue releases the constraints that limit migration of its reversible adducts within DNA.
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15
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Terashima K, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Agou T, Kubota T, Yamazaki T. Syntheses of α-CF3-α-quaternary ketones via p-quinone methides and their derivatization to compounds with successively congested stereogenic centers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4638-4644. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate additions of a variety of aldehydes to δ-CF3-δ-substituted p-quinone methides and their highly diastereoselective derivatization to compounds with successively congested stereogenic centers were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Terashima
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering
- Ibaraki University
- Hitachi 316-8511
- Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering
- Ibaraki University
- Hitachi 316-8511
- Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei 184-8588
- Japan
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