1
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Wall BJ, Sharma KK, O’Brien EA, Donovan A, VanVeller B. General Installation of (4 H)-Imidazolone cis-Amide Bioisosteres Along the Peptide Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11648-11656. [PMID: 38629317 PMCID: PMC11062833 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Imidazolones represent an important class of heterocycles present in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and bioactive natural products and serve as the active chromophore in green fluorescent protein. Recently, imidazolones have received attention for their ability to act as a nonaromatic amide bond bioisotere which improves pharmacological properties. Herein, we present a tandem amidine installation and cyclization with an adjacent ester to yield (4H)-imidazolone products. Using amino acid building blocks, we can access the first examples of α-chiral imidazolones that have been previously inaccessible. Additionally, our method is amenable to on-resin installation which can be seamlessly integrated into existing solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols. Finally, we show that peptide imidazolones are potent cis-amide bond surrogates that preorganize linear peptides for head-to-tail macrocyclization. This work represents the first general approach to the backbone and side-chain insertion of imidazolone bioisosteres at various positions in linear and cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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2
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Byerly-Duke J, O'Brien EA, Wall BJ, VanVeller B. Thioimidates provide general access to thioamide, amidine, and imidazolone peptide-bond isosteres. Methods Enzymol 2024; 698:27-55. [PMID: 38886036 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Thioamides, amidines, and heterocycles are three classes of modifications that can act as peptide-bond isosteres to alter the peptide backbone. Thioimidate protecting groups can address many of the problematic synthetic issues surrounding installation of these groups. Historically, amidines have received little attention in peptides due to limitations in methods to access them. The first robust and general procedure for the introduction of amidines into peptide backbones exploits the utility of thioimidate protecting groups as a means to side-step reactivity that ultimately renders existing methods unsuitable for the installation of amidines along the main-chain of peptides. Further, amidines formed on-resin can be reacted to form (4H)-imidazolone heteorcycles which have recently been shown to act as cis-amide isosteres. General methods for heterocyclic installation capable of geometrically restricting peptide conformation are also under-developed. This work is significant because it describes a generally applicable and divergent approach to access unexplored peptide designs and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Byerly-Duke
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emily A O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Brendan J Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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3
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Byerly-Duke J, VanVeller B. Thioimidate Solutions to Thioamide Problems during Thionopeptide Deprotection. Org Lett 2024; 26:1452-1457. [PMID: 38341867 PMCID: PMC11031844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Thioamides have structural and chemical similarity to peptide bonds, offering valuable insights when probing peptide backbone interactions, but are prone to side reactions during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Thioimidates have been demonstrated to be effective protecting groups for thioamides during peptide elongation. We further demonstrate how thioimidates can assist thioamides through the most yield-crippling step of thionopeptide deprotection, allowing for the first isolation of an important benchmark α-helical peptide that had previously eluded synthesis and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Byerly-Duke
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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4
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Hansen TN, Olsen CA. Contemporary Applications of Thioamides and Methods for Their Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303770. [PMID: 38088462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Thioamides are naturally occurring isosteres of amide bonds in which the chalcogen atom of the carbonyl is changed from oxygen to sulfur. This substitution gives rise to altered nucleophilicity and hydrogen bonding properties with importance for both chemical reactivity and non-covalent interactions. As such, thioamides have been introduced into biologically active compounds to achieve improved target affinity and/or stability towards hydrolytic enzymes but have also been applied as probes of protein and peptide folding and dynamics. Recently, a series of new methods have been developed for the synthesis of thioamides as well as their utilization in peptide chemistry. Further, novel strategies for the incorporation of thioamides into proteins have been developed, enabling both structural and functional studies to be performed. In this Review, we highlight the recent developments in the preparation of thioamides and their applications for peptide modification and study of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias N Hansen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Gibadullin R, Morris RK, Niu J, Sidney J, Sette A, Gellman SH. Thioamide Analogues of MHC I Antigen Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25559-25569. [PMID: 37968794 PMCID: PMC10782604 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Short, synthetic peptides that are displayed by major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) can stimulate CD8 T cells in vivo to destroy virus-infected or cancer cells. The development of such peptides as vaccines that provide protective immunity, however, is limited by rapid proteolytic degradation. Introduction of unnatural amino acid residues can suppress MHC I antigen proteolysis, but the modified peptides typically display lower affinity for MHC I and/or diminished ability to activate CD8 T cells relative to native antigen. Here, we report a new strategy for modifying MHC I antigens to enhance resistance to proteolysis while preserving MHC I affinity and T cell activation properties. This approach, replacing backbone amide groups with thioamides, was evaluated in two well-characterized antigens presented by HLA-A2, a common human MHC I. For each antigen, singly modified thioamide analogues retained affinity for HLA-A2 and activated T cells specific for the native antigen, as measured via interferon-γ secretion. In each system, we identified a highly potent triply substituted thioamide antigen ("thio-antigen") that displayed substantial resistance to proteolytic cleavage. Collectively, our results suggest that thio-antigens may represent a general and readily accessible source of potent vaccine candidates that resist degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Gibadullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rylie K. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiani Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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6
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Mysegaes F, Spiteller P, Bernarding J, Plaumann M. 19 F VT NMR: Novel Tm 3+ and Ce 3+ Complexes Provide New Insight into Temperature Measurement Using Molecular Sensors. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300057. [PMID: 37384817 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR imaging (MRI) have developed into a powerful non-invasive tool for medical diagnostic and therapy. Especially 19 F MR shows promising potential because of the properties of the fluorine atom and the negligible background signals in the MR spectra. The detection of temperature in a living organism is quite difficult, and usually external thermometers or fibers are used. Temperature determination via MRS needs temperature-sensitive contrast agents. This article reports first results of solvent and structural influences on the temperature sensitivity of 19 F NMR signals of chosen molecules. By using this chemical shift sensitivity, a local temperature can be determined with a high precision. Based on this preliminary study, we synthesized five metal complexes and compared the results of all variable temperature measurements. It is shown that the highest 19 F MR signal temperature dependence is detectable for a fluorine nucleus in a Tm3+ -complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mysegaes
- University Bremen, Instrumental Analytics, Leobener Str. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- University Bremen, Instrumental Analytics, Leobener Str. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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O’Brien EA, Sharma KK, Byerly-Duke J, Camacho LA, VanVeller B. A General Strategy to Install Amidine Functional Groups Along the Peptide Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22397-22402. [PMID: 36469014 PMCID: PMC9886086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amidines are a structural surrogate for peptide bonds, yet have received considerably little attention in peptides due to limitations in existing methods to access them. The synthetic strategy developed in this study represents the first robust and general procedure for the introduction of amidines into the peptide backbone. We exploit and further develop the utility and efficiency of thioimidate protecting groups as a means to side-step reactivity that ultimately renders existing methods unsuitable for the installation of amidines along the main-chain of peptides. This work is significant because it describes a generally applicable path to access unexplored peptide designs and architectures for new therapeutics made possible by the unique properties of amidines.
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8
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Taresh AB, Hutton CA. Backbone thioamide directed macrocyclisation: lactam stapling of peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1488-1492. [PMID: 35103273 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for lactam stapling of Asp/Lys-containing peptides has been developed that does not require coupling agents. A backbone thioamide is incorporated at the N-terminal side of the aspartate residue. Ag(I)-promoted activation of the thioamide in the vicinity of the Asp carboxylate generates a cyclic isoimide intermediate that is trapped by the Lys amine to generate the macrolactam. This method is suitable for generation of i,i+2, i,i+3, and i,i+4-spaced lactam-bridged peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer B Taresh
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Craig A Hutton
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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9
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Khatri B, Raghunathan S, Chakraborti S, Rahisuddin R, Kumaran S, Tadala R, Wagh P, Priyakumar UD, Chatterjee J. Desolvation of Peptide Bond by O to S Substitution Impacts Protein Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24870-24874. [PMID: 34519402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid side chains are key to fine-tuning the microenvironment polarity in proteins composed of polar amide bonds. Here, we report that substituting an oxygen atom of the backbone amide bond with sulfur atom desolvates the thioamide bond, thereby increasing its lipophilicity. The impact of such local desolvation by O to S substitution in proteins was tested by synthesizing thioamidated variants of Pin1 WW domain. We observe that a thioamide acts in synergy with nonpolar amino acid side chains to reduce the microenvironment polarity and increase protein stability by more than 14 °C. Through favorable van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions, this single atom substitution significantly stabilizes proteins without altering the amino acid sequence and structure of the native protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shampa Raghunathan
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500032, India.,Present Address: École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, 500043, India
| | - Sohini Chakraborti
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R Rahisuddin
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 1, 60036, India
| | - S Kumaran
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 1, 60036, India
| | | | | | - U Deva Priyakumar
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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10
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Khatri B, Raghunathan S, Chakraborti S, Rahisuddin R, Kumaran S, Tadala R, Wagh P, Priyakumar UD, Chatterjee J. Desolvation of Peptide Bond by O to S Substitution Impacts Protein Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Shampa Raghunathan
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad 500032 India
- Present Address: École Centrale School of Engineering Mahindra University Hyderabad 500043 India
| | - Sohini Chakraborti
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - R. Rahisuddin
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh 1 60036 India
| | - S. Kumaran
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh 1 60036 India
| | | | | | - U. Deva Priyakumar
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad 500032 India
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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11
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Song S, Hyodo T, Ikeda H, Vu KAL, Tang Y, Chan ES, Otani Y, Inagaki S, Yamaguchi K, Ohwada T. Contribution of Solvents to Geometrical Preference in the Z/ E Equilibrium of N-Phenylthioacetamide. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1641-1660. [PMID: 34082529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Z/E preference of N-phenylthioacetamide (thioacetanilide) derivatives in various solvents by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) and other computational analyses. Our experimental results indicate that the Z/E isomer preference of secondary (NH)thioamides of N-phenylthioacetamides shows substantial solvent dependency, whereas the corresponding amides do not show solvent dependency of the Z/E isomer ratios. Detailed study of the solvent effects based on molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there are two main modes of hydrogen (H)-bond formation between solvent and (NH)thioacetamide, which influence the Z/E isomer preference of (NH)thioamides. DFT calculations of NH-thioamide in the presence of one or two explicit solvent molecules in the continuum solvent model can effectively mimic the solvation by multiple solvent molecules surrounding the thioamide in MD simulations and shed light on the precise nature of the interactions between thioamide and solvent. Orbital interaction analysis showed that, counterintuitively, the Z/E preference of NH-thioacetamides is mainly determined by steric repulsion, while that of sterically congested N-methylthioacetamides is mainly determined by thioamide conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kim Anh L Vu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Yulan Tang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erika S Chan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Khatri B, Raj N, Chatterjee J. Opportunities and challenges in the synthesis of thioamidated peptides. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:27-57. [PMID: 34325789 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of peptides hold great promise for modulating their pharmacological properties. In the last few decades amide to thioamide substitution has been widely explored to modulate the conformation, non-covalent interactions, and proteolytic stability of peptides. Despite widespread utilization, there are some potential limitations including epimerization and degradation under basic and acidic conditions, respectively. In this chapter, we present the synthetic method to build thio-precursors, their site-specific incorporation onto a growing peptide chain, and troubleshooting during the elongation of thioamidated peptides. This highly efficient, rapid, and robust method can be used for positional scanning of the thioamide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Nishant Raj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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13
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Fiore KE, Phan HAT, Robkis DM, Walters CR, Petersson EJ. Incorporating thioamides into proteins by native chemical ligation. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:295-339. [PMID: 34325791 PMCID: PMC8617429 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thioamide is a versatile replacement of the peptide backbone with altered hydrogen bonding and conformational preferences, as well the ability participate in energy and electron transfer processes. Semi-synthetic incorporation of a thioamide into a protein can be used to study protein folding or protein/protein interactions using these properties. Semi-synthesis also provides the opportunity to study the role of thioamides in natural proteins. Here we outline the semi-synthesis of a model protein, the B1 domain of protein G (GB1) with a thioamide at the N-terminus or the C-terminus. The thioamide is synthetically incorporated into a fragment by solid-phase peptide synthesis, whereas the remainder of the protein is recombinantly expressed. Then, the two fragments are joined by native chemical ligation. The explicit protocol for GB1 synthesis is accompanied by examples of applications with GB1 and other proteins in structural biology and protein misfolding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Fiore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hoang Anh T Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Miklos Robkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher R Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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14
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Khatri B, Bhat P, Chatterjee J. Convenient synthesis of thioamidated peptides and proteins. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3248. [PMID: 32202029 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of a thioamide bond, which is an ideal isostere of an amide bond, have not been fully exploited because of the tedious synthesis of thionated amino acid building blocks. Here, we report a purification-free and highly efficient synthesis of thiobenzotriazolides of Fmoc-protected and orthogonally protected 20 naturally occurring amino acids including asparagine, glutamine, and histidine. The near-quantitative conversion to the respective thioamidated peptides on solid support demonstrates the robustness of the synthetic route. Furthermore, the unaltered incorporation efficiency of thiobenzotriazolides from their stock solution till 48 h suggests their compatibility toward automated peptide synthesis. Finally, utilizing an optimized cocktail of 2% DBU + 5% piperazine for fast Fmoc-deprotection, we report the synthesis of a thioamidated Pin1 WW domain and thioamidated GB1 directly on solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prabhat Bhat
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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15
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Yang J, Wang C, Yao C, Chen C, Hu Y, He G, Zhao J. Site-Specific Incorporation of Multiple Thioamide Substitutions into a Peptide Backbone via Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1484-1494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Changliu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guifeng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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16
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Camacho LA, Nguyen YH, Turner J, VanVeller B. Deprotection Strategies for Thioimidates during Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Safe Route to Thioamides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15309-15314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yen H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - John Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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