1
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Solga D, Wieske LHE, Wilcox S, Zeilinger C, Jansen-Olliges L, Cirnski K, Herrmann J, Müller R, Erdelyi M, Kirschning A. Is Simultaneous Binding to DNA and Gyrase Important for the Antibacterial Activity of Cystobactamids? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303796. [PMID: 38217886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cystobactamids are aromatic oligoamides that exert their natural antibacterial properties by inhibition of bacterial gyrases. Such aromatic oligoamides were proposed to inhibit α-helix-mediated protein-protein interactions and may serve for specific recognition of DNA. Based on this suggestion, we designed new derivatives that have duplicated cystobactamid triarene units as model systems to decipher the specific binding mode of cystobactamids to double stranded DNA. Solution NMR analyses revealed that natural cystobactamids as well as their elongated analogues show an overall bent shape at their central aliphatic unit, with an average CX-CY-CZ angle of ~110 degrees. Our finding is corroborated by the target-bound structure of close analogues, as established by cryo-EM very recently. Cystobactamid CN-861-2 binds directly to the bacterial gyrase with an affinity of 9 μM, and also exhibits DNA-binding properties with specificity for AT-rich DNA. Elongation/dimerization of the triarene subunit of native cystobactamids is demonstrated to lead to an increase in DNA binding affinity. This implies that cystobactamids' gyrase inhibitory activity necessitates not just interaction with the gyrase itself, but also with DNA via their triarene unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Solga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lianne H E Wieske
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Scott Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linda Jansen-Olliges
- Institute of Biophysics and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katarina Cirnski
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Zhang L, Bao L, Li S, Liu Y, Liu H. Corrigendum: Active substances of myxobacteria against plant diseases and their action mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392109. [PMID: 38544866 PMCID: PMC10971235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294854.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Songyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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3
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Walesch S, Birkelbach J, Jézéquel G, Haeckl FPJ, Hegemann JD, Hesterkamp T, Hirsch AKH, Hammann P, Müller R. Fighting antibiotic resistance-strategies and (pre)clinical developments to find new antibacterials. EMBO Rep 2022; 24:e56033. [PMID: 36533629 PMCID: PMC9827564 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is one of the greatest threats to human health. The development of new therapeutics against bacterial pathogens has slowed drastically since the approvals of the first antibiotics in the early and mid-20th century. Most of the currently investigated drug leads are modifications of approved antibacterials, many of which are derived from natural products. In this review, we highlight the challenges, advancements and current standing of the clinical and preclinical antibacterial research pipeline. Additionally, we present novel strategies for rejuvenating the discovery process and advocate for renewed and enthusiastic investment in the antibacterial discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walesch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Joy Birkelbach
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany,Helmholtz International Lab for Anti‐InfectivesSaarbrückenGermany
| | - Peter Hammann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany,Helmholtz International Lab for Anti‐InfectivesSaarbrückenGermany
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4
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Testolin G, Richter J, Ritter A, Prochnow H, Köhnke J, Brönstrup M. Optical Modulation of Antibiotic Resistance by Photoswitchable Cystobactamids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201297. [PMID: 35771231 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance causes a serious health care problem, and its counterfeit demands novel, innovative concepts. The combination of photopharmacology, enabling a light-controlled reversible modulation of drug activity, with antibiotic drug design has led to first photoswitchable antibiotic compounds derived from established scaffolds. In this study, we converted cystobactamids, gyrase-inhibiting natural products with an oligoaryl scaffold and highly potent antibacterial activities, into photoswitchable agents by inserting azobenzene in the N-terminal part and/or an acylhydrazone moiety near the C-terminus, yielding twenty analogs that contain mono- as well as double-switches. Antibiotic and gyrase inhibition properties could be modulated 3.4-fold and 5-fold by light, respectively. Notably, the sensitivity of photoswitchable cystobactamids towards two known resistance factors, the peptidase AlbD and the scavenger protein AlbA, was light-dependent. While irradiation of an analog with an N-terminal azobenzene with 365 nm light led to less degradation by AlbD, the AlbA-mediated inactivation was induced. This provides a proof-of-principle that resistance towards photoswitchable antibiotics can be optically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Testolin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Richter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antje Ritter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans Prochnow
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Köhnke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University, 30159, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Yan H, Chen F. Recent Progress in Solid‐Phase Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Small Peptides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Fen‐Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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6
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Wang Z, Kasper A, Mehmood R, Ternei M, Li S, Freundlich JS, Brady SF. Metagenome-Guided Analogue Synthesis Yields Improved Gram-Negative-Active Albicidin- and Cystobactamid-Type Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22172-22177. [PMID: 34355488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of new antibiotics. Here we utilize biosynthetic instructions contained within metagenome-derived congener biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) to guide the synthesis of improved antibiotic analogues. Albicidin and cystobactamid are the first members of a new class of broad-spectrum ρ-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)-based antibiotics. Our search for PABA-specific adenylation domain sequences in soil metagenomes revealed that BGCs in this family are common in nature. Twelve BGCs that were bio-informatically predicted to encode six new congeners were recovered from soil metagenomic libraries. Synthesis of these six predicted structures led to the identification of potent antibiotics with changes in their spectrum of activity and the ability to circumvent resistance conferred by endopeptidase cleavage enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Amanda Kasper
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Melinda Ternei
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shaogang Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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7
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Wang Z, Kasper A, Mehmood R, Ternei M, Li S, Freundlich JS, Brady SF. Metagenome‐Guided Analogue Synthesis Yields Improved Gram‐Negative‐Active Albicidin‐ and Cystobactamid‐Type Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Amanda Kasper
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Melinda Ternei
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Shaogang Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens Rutgers University—New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ 07103 USA
| | - Joel S. Freundlich
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens Rutgers University—New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ 07103 USA
| | - Sean F. Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York NY 10065 USA
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8
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Hawkins PME, Liu DY, Linington RG, Payne RJ. Solid-phase synthesis of coralmycin A/ epi-coralmycin A and desmethoxycoralmycin A. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6291-6300. [PMID: 34212970 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the natural product coralmycin A/epi-coralmycin A, as well as a desmethoxy analogue is described. Synthesis was achieved via a divergent, bidirectional solid-phase strategy, including a key on-resin O-acylation, O to N acyl shift, and O-alkylation protocol to incorporate the unusual 4-amino-2-hydroxy-3-isopropoxybenzoic acid motifs. The synthetic natural product was generated as a 1 : 1 mixture of epimers at the central β-methoxyasparagine residue and exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a panel of ten Gram-negative and seven Gram-positive organisms. The desmethoxy analogue possessed significantly more potent antimicrobial activity against this panel with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 50 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M E Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dennis Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Seedorf T, Kirschning A, Solga D. Natural and Synthetic Oligoarylamides: Privileged Structures for Medical Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:7321-7339. [PMID: 33481284 PMCID: PMC8251530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The term "privileged structure" refers to a single molecular substructure or scaffold that can serve as a starting point for high-affinity ligands for more than one receptor type. In this report, a hitherto overlooked group of privileged substructures is addressed, namely aromatic oligoamides, for which there are natural models in the form of cystobactamids, albicidin, distamycin A, netropsin, and others. The aromatic and heteroaromatic core, together with a flexible selection of substituents, form conformationally well-defined scaffolds capable of specifically binding to conformationally well-defined regions of biomacromolecules such as helices in proteins or DNA often by acting as helices mimics themselves. As such, these aromatic oligoamides have already been employed to inhibit protein-protein and nucleic acid-protein interactions. This article is the first to bring together the scattered knowledge about aromatic oligoamides in connection with biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Seedorf
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum, (BMWZ)Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum, (BMWZ)Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Danny Solga
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum, (BMWZ)Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
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10
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Groß S, Schnell B, Haack PA, Auerbach D, Müller R. In vivo and in vitro reconstitution of unique key steps in cystobactamid antibiotic biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1696. [PMID: 33727542 PMCID: PMC7966384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystobactamids are myxobacteria-derived topoisomerase inhibitors with potent anti-Gram-negative activity. They are formed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and consist of tailored para-aminobenzoic acids, connected by a unique α-methoxy-L-isoasparagine or a β-methoxy-L-asparagine linker moiety. We describe the heterologous expression of the cystobactamid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in Myxococcus xanthus. Targeted gene deletions produce several unnatural cystobactamids. Using in vitro experiments, we reconstitute the key biosynthetic steps of linker formation and shuttling via CysB to the NRPS. The biosynthetic logic involves a previously uncharacterized bifunctional domain found in the stand-alone NRPS module CysH, albicidin biosynthesis and numerous BGCs of unknown natural products. This domain performs either an aminomutase (AM) or an amide dehydratase (DH) type of reaction, depending on the activity of CysJ which hydroxylates CysH-bound L-asparagine. Furthermore, CysQ O-methylates hydroxyl-L-(iso)asparagine only in the presence of the AMDH domain. Taken together, these findings provide direct evidence for unique steps in cystobactamid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Groß
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bastien Schnell
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick A. Haack
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David Auerbach
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2DZIF - German Centre for Infection Research, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Moreira R, Noden M, Taylor SD. Synthesis of Azido Acids and Their Application in the Preparation of Complex Peptides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAzido acids are important synthons for the synthesis of complex peptides. As a protecting group, the azide moiety is atom-efficient, easy to install and can be reduced in the presence of many other protecting groups, making it ideal for the synthesis of branched and/or cyclic peptides. α-Azido acids are less bulky than urethane-protected counterparts and react more effectively in coupling reactions of difficult-to-form peptide and ester bonds. Azido acids can also be used to form azoles on complex intermediates. This review covers the synthesis of azido acids and their application to the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of α-Azido Acids2.1 From α-Amino Acids or Esters2.2 Via α-Substitution2.3 Via Electrophilic Azidation2.4 Via Condensation of N-2-Azidoacetyl-4-Phenylthiazolidin- 2-Thi one Enolates with Aldehydes and Acetals2.5 Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated α-Azido Acids and Esters3 Synthesis of β-Azido Acids3.1 Preparation of Azidoalanine and 3-Azido-2-aminobutanoic Acids3.2 General Approaches to Preparing β-Azido Acids Other Than Azi doalanine and AABA4 Azido Acids in Total Synthesis4.1 α-Azido Acids4.2 β-Azido Acids and Azido Acids Containing an Azide on the Side
Chain5 Conclusions
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12
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Testolin G, Cirnski K, Rox K, Prochnow H, Fetz V, Grandclaudon C, Mollner T, Baiyoumy A, Ritter A, Leitner C, Krull J, van den Heuvel J, Vassort A, Sordello S, Hamed MM, Elgaher WAM, Herrmann J, Hartmann RW, Müller R, Brönstrup M. Synthetic studies of cystobactamids as antibiotics and bacterial imaging carriers lead to compounds with high in vivo efficacy. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1316-1334. [PMID: 34123255 PMCID: PMC8148378 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an alarming scarcity of novel chemical matter with bioactivity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Cystobactamids, recently discovered natural products from myxobacteria, are an exception to this trend. Their unusual chemical structure, composed of oligomeric para-aminobenzoic acid moieties, is associated with a high antibiotic activity through the inhibition of gyrase. In this study, structural determinants of cystobactamid's antibacterial potency were defined at five positions, which were varied using three different synthetic routes to the cystobactamid scaffold. The potency against Acinetobacter baumannii could be increased ten-fold to an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 0.06 μg mL-1, and the previously identified spectrum gap of Klebsiella pneumoniae could be closed compared to the natural products (MIC of 0.5 μg mL-1). Proteolytic degradation of cystobactamids by the resistance factor AlbD was prevented by an amide-triazole replacement. Conjugation of cystobactamid's N-terminal tetrapeptide to a Bodipy moiety induced the selective localization of the fluorophore for bacterial imaging purposes. Finally, a first in vivo proof of concept was obtained in an E. coli infection mouse model, where derivative 22 led to the reduction of bacterial loads (cfu, colony-forming units) in muscle, lung and kidneys by five orders of magnitude compared to vehicle-treated mice. These findings qualify cystobactamids as highly promising lead structures against infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giambattista Testolin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Katarina Cirnski
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hans Prochnow
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Charlotte Grandclaudon
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Tim Mollner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alain Baiyoumy
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Antje Ritter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christian Leitner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jana Krull
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Group Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Aurelie Vassort
- Evotec ID 1541 Avenue Marcel Merieux 69289 Marcy l'Etoile France
| | | | - Mostafa M Hamed
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität 30167 Hannover Germany
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