1
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Zhao MN, Yang ZM, Li LQ. DMF as an amine source: iron-catalyzed cyclization of 2 H-azirines to imidazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38258986 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of 1-methyl-4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles through Fe(II)-catalyzed cyclization of 2H-azirines and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an amine source. This transformation involves the cleavage of C-N and CN double bonds and the construction of new C-N and CN double bonds. The reaction has readily available starting materials, a wide range of substrates and mild reaction conditions. In addition, the reaction also facilitated the convenient synthesis of 1-methyl-2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Mo Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, P. R. China.
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2
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Tang J, Lu F, Zhang X, Su Y, Zhang E, Yang Z. Copper-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Synthesis of Oxazoles and Imidazolidones by Selective C-O/C-N Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37433741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of phenylalanine-derived oxazoles and imidazolidones can be achieved by copper-catalyzed reactions that are controlled by directing groups and proceed by selective C-O or C-N coupling. This strategy employs inexpensive commercial copper catalysts and readily available starting materials. It uses a convenient reaction procedure and provides a reliable approach to the versatile and flexible assembly of heterocyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Su
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Ensheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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3
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Li R, Zhou F, Huang X, Zhao J, Zhang H. Pummerer-like Rearrangement Induced Cascade Reactions: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:739-744. [PMID: 36525640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imidazoles are among the most important pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report a tandem protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles through Pummerer-like rearrangement induced cascade reactions including two carbon-nitrogen bond formations, and concomitant aromatization under mild reaction conditions. This procedure gives imidazole derivatives bearing numerous functional groups and could be used for modifying natural products as well as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Xiangdi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
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4
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Saha N, Wanjari PJ, Dubey G, Mahawar N, Bharatam PV. Metal-free synthesis of imidazoles and 2-aminoimidazoles. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Xu H, Chen H, Hu X, Xuan G, Li P, Zhang Z. Synthesis of Fully Substituted 5-( o-Hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles via Iodine-Promoted Domino Reaction of Aurones with Amidines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16204-16212. [PMID: 36414000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-promoted domino reaction of aurones with amidines has been successfully explored. The reaction proceeds in a consecutive manner containing Michael addition, iodination, cyclization from intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and dehydrogenative aromatization from spiro ring opening. Following this novel strategy, a variety of 1,2,4-trisubstituted 5-(o-hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles were efficiently synthesized in moderate to good yields from readily available starting materials. A plausible mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Guang Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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6
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Lv Y, Chen L, Li K, Yun XH, Yan SJ. Multicomponent Cascade Reaction of 3-Cyanochromones: Highly Site-Selective Synthesis of 2-(1 H-Imidazol-1-yl)-4 H-chromen-4-one Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15187-15196. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Han Yun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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7
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He D, Wang B, Duan K, Zhou Y, Li M, Jiang H, Wu W. Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from 1-Methyl-1,3-(ar)enynes and Nitriles by a Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:1292-1297. [PMID: 35112870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An attractive method for assembling densely substituted pyridine derivatives from 1-methyl-1,3-(ar)enynes and nitriles via a formal [4+2] cycloaddition has been established. The well-balanced affinities of two alkali metal salts enable C(sp3)-H bond activation and excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. Experimental studies revealed that nitrile functions only as a partial nitrogen source for pyridine synthesis, and the addition of a metalated imine intermediate to an intramolecular alkyne is the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kanghui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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8
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Zhao M, Yang Z, Yang D. Recent Progress in Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles by Cyclization Reaction. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Asressu KH, Chan CK, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28061-28071. [PMID: 35480777 PMCID: PMC9039414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of drug discovery and development, an efficient and expedient synthetic method for imidazole-based small molecules from commercially available and cheap starting materials has great significance. Herein, we developed a TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles through the reaction of 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave heating and solvent-free conditions. The chemical structures of representative trisubstituted imidazoles were confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. This synthetic method has several advantages including the involvement of mild Lewis acid, being metal- and additive-free, wide substrate scope with good to excellent yields and short reaction time. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the methodology in the synthesis of biologically active imidazole-based drugs. Trisubstituted imidazoles are synthesized efficiently from the readily available 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a new and stable nitrogen source under TMSOTf-catalysis system, microwave heating and solvent-free conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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10
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Liu W, He J, Liu X, Yu Y, Pei Y, Zhu B, Cao H. Controllable Site-Selective Construction of 4- and 5-Hydroxyalkyl-Substituted Imidazoles from Amidines, Ynals, and Water. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14954-14962. [PMID: 33147029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first example of controllable site-selective pathways to construct 4- and 5-hydroxyalkyl-substituted imidazoles through a three-component reaction of amidines, ynals, and water has been documented. Particularly, the high regioselectivity of the reaction was simply switched by changing the additives. In addition, further 18O-labeled experiments to probe a plausible mechanism and the gram-scale synthesis were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Jiaming He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Yongyan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Baofu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
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11
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Tarasova OA, Nedolya NA, Albanov AI, Trofimov BA. 2‐Amino‐5‐(cyanomethylsulfanyl)‐1
H
‐pyrroles from Propargylamines, Isothiocyanates, and Bromoacetonitrile by One‐Pot Synthetic Protocol. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Tarasova
- An Unsaturated Heteroatom Compounds Laboratory A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Str. 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
| | - Nina A. Nedolya
- An Unsaturated Heteroatom Compounds Laboratory A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Str. 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Albanov
- An Unsaturated Heteroatom Compounds Laboratory A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Str. 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
| | - Boris A. Trofimov
- An Unsaturated Heteroatom Compounds Laboratory A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Str. 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
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12
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Abstract
The review highlights the recent advances (2018-present) in the regiocontrolled synthesis of substituted imidazoles. These heterocycles are key components to functional molecules that are used in a variety of everyday applications. An emphasis has been placed on the bonds constructed during the formation of the imidazole. The utility of these methodologies based around the functional group compatibility of the process and resultant substitution patterns around the ring are described, including discussion of scope and limitations, reaction mechanisms and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Shabalin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St, Irkutsk, 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Jason E Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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