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Lee Y, Nam YS, Kim SY, Ki JE, Lee HG. Mechanistic duality of indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7688-7698. [PMID: 37476715 PMCID: PMC10355096 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanistic duality has been revealed from the indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition (IHT) of N-hydroxyindole derivatives. A series of in-depth mechanistic investigations suggests that two separate mechanisms are operating simultaneously. Moreover, the relative contribution of each mechanistic pathway, the energy barrier for each pathway, and the identity of the primary pathway were shown to be the functions of the electronic properties of the substrate system. Based on the mechanistic understanding obtained, a mechanism-driven strategy for the general and efficient introduction of a heteroatom at the 3-position of indole has been developed. The reaction developed exhibits a broad substrate scope to provide the products in various forms of the functionalised indole. Moreover, the method is applicable to the introduction of both oxygen- and nitrogen-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Yun Seung Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
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2
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Chen H, Cui R, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chen H. Synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles via demethylenation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a mild demethylenation for the synthesis of 3,3′-bisindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ranran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Guo M, Sun G, Que R, Cui R, Gao Y, Chen H. Direct C-H Functionalization of Tetrahydro-γ-Carbolines at α-Position. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct C-H functionalization of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines (THγCs) at α-position has been presented. This mild and simple strategy allows coupling of THγCs with various anilines and indoles with satisfactory to excellent...
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Chen H, Qiao P, Luo Y, Hu J, Gao Y. Cu‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines with Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Panpan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yining Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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Zhang ZJ, Zhou X, Li D, Chen Y, Xiao WW, Li RT, Shao LD. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cascade Oxidative Isomerization/[4+4] Cyclization of 2,2'-Disubstituted Stilbenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7609-7624. [PMID: 33904741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An aerobic copper-catalyzed cascade oxidative isomerization/[4+4] cyclization of 2,2'-disubstituted stilbenes is described. Under the mild CuCl/DBED/air catalytic system, various 5,10-heteroatom-containing tetrahydroindeno[2,1-a]indenes were efficiently prepared through the difunctionalizations of alkenes in a highly atom economic manner. Mechanistic investigations suggested the bicyclic product was likely formed through a sequence of rapid single-electron oxidation/[4+4] cyclization from 2,2'-disubstituted stilbene. The antarafacial manner of the thermally allowed [4+4] cyclization was further proven by series of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Our findings provide an important addition to the aerobic copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Tan J, Wu B, Chen T, Fan C, Zhao J, Xiong C, Feng C, Xiao R, Ding C, Tang W, Zhang A. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Tetrahydro-γ-carboline Derivatives as Potent Anti-inflammatory Agents Targeting Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7667-7690. [PMID: 34044539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) by double-stranded DNA is implicated in the pathogenesis of many hyperinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the cGAS-targeting small molecule has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases. However, the currently reported cGAS inhibitors are far beyond maturity, barely demonstrating in vivo efficacy. Inspired by the structural novelty of compound 5 (G140), we conducted a structural optimization on both its side chain and the central tricyclic core, leading to several subseries of compounds, including those unexpectedly cyclized complex ones. Compound 25 bearing an N-glycylglycinoyl side chain was identified as the most potent one with cellular IC50 values of 1.38 and 11.4 μM for h- and m-cGAS, respectively. Mechanistic studies confirmed its direct targeting of cGAS. Further, compound 25 showed superior in vivo anti-inflammatory effects in the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model. The encouraging result of compound 25 provides solid evidence for further pursuit of cGAS-targeting inhibitors as a new anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chaodong Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xiao
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyong Ding
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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