1
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Doraghi F, Ameli M, Ansariashlaghi S, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. NHC-Catalyzed Enantioselective Transformations Involving α-Bromoenals. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400005. [PMID: 38587150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
α-Haloenals, especially, α-bromoenals considered as one of the important building blocks in organic synthesis. They can participate in various (3+2)-, (3+3)-, (3+4)-, and (2+4)-annulation reactions with other organic molecules in the presence of an NHC catalyst to produce enantioenriched carbo-, and heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we have described NHC-catalyzed enantioselective transformations of α-bromoenals in the synthesis of various heterocycles, and carbocycles, as well as acyclic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ameli
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Ansariashlaghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Chalkappa PKB, Aralihalli S, Sudileti M, Aithal SJ, Praveen BM, Birjadar K. The medicinal panorama of benzimidazoles and their scaffolds as anticancer and antithrombotic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300206. [PMID: 37440107 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds have become a prospective pharmacophore with therapeutic importance due to their biological similarities with natural and synthetic drugs. Among all nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, benzimidazoles and their derivatives are privileged molecules structurally akin to naturally available nucleotides, enabling them to intercommunicate with numerous biopolymers in biological systems. This reason enlightens modern researchers worldwide to assess their potential significance in the context of synthetic and biological chemistry. Therefore, it is crucial to merge the latest data with the prior documentation to apprehend the ongoing situation of the benzimidazole moiety in various therapeutic zones of research. The current work displays that the benzimidazole center is a versatile nucleus that offers the necessary data of synthetic alterations for pre-existing compounds to provide new scaffolds to resist numerous therapeutic sectors, including those associated with anticancer and antithrombosis. Due to the potential significance of benzimidazoles, this review aims to emphasize the latest innovations in synthesizing several other notable benzimidazole substrates and their significant pharmacological prospects for the future, including anticancer and antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakara Aralihalli
- Department of Chemistry, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Banglore, Karnataka, India
| | - Murali Sudileti
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Kedarnath Birjadar
- Department of Chemistry, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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Zhao J, Wu M, Luo J, Shi L, Li H. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective annulation of 2-amino-1 H-indoles and bromoenals for the synthesis of chiral 2-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrimido[1,2- a]indol-4 (1 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6675-6680. [PMID: 37540068 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 3] annulation of 2-bromoenals with 2-amino-1H-indoles has been developed. A series of functionalized 2-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]indol-4(1H)-ones were synthesized using NHCs as the catalyst in good yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiamin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Döhler Food & Beverage Ingredients (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, 739 Shennan Road, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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4
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Chen X, He P, Xia S, Cui L, Zhong G, Yang L. NHC-Activations on α-, β-, γ-, and Beyond. CHEM REC 2023:e202200279. [PMID: 36916715 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the recent decades, due to the special electronic characteristics and diverse reactivities, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has received significant interest in organocatalyzed reactions. The formation of Breslow intermediates by NHC can convert into acyl anion equivalent, enolates, homoenolate, acyl azolium, and vinyl enolate etc., and the cycloaddition reactions of these species has attracted lots of attention. In this review, we focus on the summry of the development of NHC-activation of carbonyl carbon (or imine carbon) in situ, α-, β-, γ-, and beyond, and the cycloaddition reaction of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Pengyu He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lixin Cui
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, 315200, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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5
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Li Y, Huang X, Peng S, Wang J, Lang M. NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaddition of α-bromoenals with nitroketene aminals or nitroketene N, S-acetals: synthesis of nitro-containing dihydropyridin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1399-1403. [PMID: 36723143 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaddition of α-bromoenals with nitroketene aminals or nitroketene N,S-acetals has been developed. This methodology provides an efficient strategy for the construction of valuable nitro-containing heterocyclic compounds. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, easily available starting materials, broad substrate scope and easy scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China. .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China. .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China. .,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, People's Republic of China
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6
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Shee S, Sarkar D, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aza-Michael-Mannich-Lactamization Cascade for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazoloquinolin-3-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:220-225. [PMID: 36594720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of functionalized pyrazoloquinolin-3-ones via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cascade reaction of α-bromoenals with 2-aminoaryl N-tosyl hydrazones is reported. The in situ-generated α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums underwent an aza-Michael-Mannich-lactamization sequence to afford the tricyclic products bearing three contiguous stereocenters, including a sterically demanding quaternary stereocenter with high enantioselectivity. The unprotected amine-triggered aza-Michael pathway over the competing amidation pathway is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Deeptanu Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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7
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Nie G, Sun J, Mou C, Tang K, Chi YR, Li T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridone Derivatives with Antifungal Activities against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum fructicola. Org Lett 2023; 25:134-139. [PMID: 36563315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A chiral NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction is developed for the efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones in generally excellent yields and optical purities. The R, S, and racemic forms of these molecules are systematically studied via in vitro tests that detect antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum fructicola. Chiral compounds (R)-3i, (R)-3j, and (R)-3p are identified to have excellent inhibitory effects against P. capsici and C. fructicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Nie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kun Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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8
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Ye M, Xu F, Bai Y, Zhang F, Wang W, Qian Y, Chen Z. Base-promoted highly efficient synthesis of nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes via Michael-initiated ring closure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28576-28579. [PMID: 36320497 PMCID: PMC9536251 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient annulation reaction has been developed for the general synthesis of dinitrile-substituted cyclopropanes in moderate to excellent yields. A variety of 2-arylacetonitriles and α-bromoennitriles were compatible under the standard conditions. The reaction was achieved through tandem Michael-type addition followed by intramolecular cyclization. The preliminary application of this method was confirmed by the synthesis of the 2,4-dioxo-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Yiping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University341000China+86 797-8793670+86 797-8793670
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9
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Zhang S, Lin C, Liu C, Du D. Enantioselective Synthesis of δ-Carbolinones via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10441-10448. [PMID: 35819024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of δ-carbolinones was accomplished through N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [3+3] annulation of 3-aminoindoles with 2-bromoenals. This protocol offers a rapid and efficient synthetic approach for accessing a wide range of enantioenriched structurally interesting δ-carbolinones under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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10
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Lin C, Zhang S, Wang J, Chen L, Zhu Y, Du D. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Carbocycle-Fused Uracils via Formal [4 + 2] Annulation/Lactone Formation/Decarboxylation Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:3631-3635. [PMID: 35549292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented organocatalytic asymmetric construction of novel six-membered carbocycle fused uracils has been demonstrated by the reaction of the remotely enolizable 6-methyluracil-5-carbaldehydes with 2-bromoenals. The reaction involves an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of o-quinodimethane (oQDM) dienolates with α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums, followed by a cascade lactone formation/decarboxylation process. This protocol unlocks a new platform to access enantioenriched carbocycle-fused uracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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11
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Ghosh A, Shee S, Biju AT. A Benzannulation Strategy for Rapid Access to Quinazoline-2,4-diones via Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:2772-2777. [PMID: 35377662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed formal [4+2] benzannulation of enals with suitably substituted pyrimidine-2,4-diones allowing the mild and facile synthesis of functionalized quinazoline-2,4-diones is presented. This oxidative transformation proceeds via the simultaneous generation of dienolates and α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums and follows a vinylogous Michael/aldol/β-lactonization/decarboxylation/oxidation sequence to afford quinazoline-2,4-diones, including axially chiral ones with suitable substitutions, in an operationally simple procedure. In addition, substituted coumarins as dienolate precursors afforded benzochromen-6-one derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Debnath S, Parveen S, Pradhan P, Das I, Das T. Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidines: recent advancements in synthesis of two diversely important heterocyclic motifs and their derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are some of the most important compounds that are found in nature or synthesized otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syaleena Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur 831014, India
| | | | - Ipsita Das
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur 831014, India
| | - Tapas Das
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur 831014, India
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13
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Maiti R, Yan J, Yang X, Mondal B, Xu J, Chai H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of α‐Bromoenals to Prepare Phosphine‐Containing Chiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Maiti
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Jia‐Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bivas Mondal
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Huifang Chai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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14
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Maiti R, Yan JL, Yang X, Mondal B, Xu J, Chai H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of α-Bromoenals to Prepare Phosphine-Containing Chiral Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26616-26621. [PMID: 34599547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed herein is the first carbene-organocatalyzed asymmetric addition of phosphine nucleophiles to the in situ generated α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates. Our reaction enantioselectively constructs carbon-phosphine bonds and prepares chiral phosphines with high optical purities. The phosphine products are suitable for transforming to chiral ligands or catalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis. The diarylalkyl or trialkyl phosphine products from our catalytic reactions, air-sensitive and reactive in nature, can be trapped (and stored) in their sulfur-oxidized form for operational simplicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Maiti
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bivas Mondal
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huifang Chai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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15
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Yang K, Luo SH, Chen SH, Cao XY, Zhou YJ, Lin YL, Huo YP, Wang ZY. Simple inorganic base promoted C-N and C-C formation: synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines as functional AIEgens used for detecting picric acid. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8133-8139. [PMID: 34545907 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free catalyzed intermolecular tandem Michael addition/cyclization has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from α-bromocinnamaldehyde and 2-substituted benzimidazoles. The reaction promoted by a simple inorganic base displays moderate to good yields and good functional group tolerance. The optical properties of some typical products have been investigated. We found that, due to the presence of the benzene ring at the C1-position of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines which restricts intramolecular motion, as a new type of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen), they show very good solid-state fluorescence with quantum yields up to 88.80%. Importantly, the AIE performance of compound 3b can be useful to detect the nitroaromatic explosive picric acid (PA) with a detection limit and quenching constant of 42.5 nM and 7.27 × 104 M-M, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. .,College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Ying Cao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Lan Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Ping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
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16
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Triazolium Salt Organocatalysis: Mechanistic Evaluation of Unusual Ortho-Substituent Effects on Deprotonation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis by N-heterocyclic carbenes is normally initiated by the deprotonation of precursor azolium ions to form active nucleophilic species. Substituent effects on deprotonation have an impact on catalytic efficiency and provide insight into general catalytic mechanisms by commonly used azolium systems. Using an NMR kinetic method for the analysis of C(3)-H/D exchange, we determined log kex–pD profiles for three ortho-substituted N-aryl triazolium salts, which enables a detailed analysis of ortho-substituent effects on deprotonation. This includes N-5-methoxypyrid-2-yl triazolium salt 7 and di-ortho-methoxy and di-ortho-isopropoxyphenyl triazolium salts 8 and 9, and we acquired additional kinetic data to supplement our previously published analysis of N-pyrid-2-yl triazolium salt 6. For 2-pyridyl triazoliums 6 and 7, novel acid catalysis of C(3)-H/D exchange is observed under acidic conditions. These kinetic data were supplemented by DFT analyses of the conformational preferences of 6 upon N-protonation. A C(3) deprotonation mechanism involving intramolecular general base deprotonation by the pyridyl nitrogen of the N(1)-deuterated dicationic triazolium salt is most consistent with the data. We also report kDO values (protofugalities) for deuteroxide-catalyzed exchange for 6–9. The protofugalities for 8 and 9 are the lowest values to date in the N-aryl triazolium series.
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17
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Ghosh A, Shee S, Barik S, Gonnade RG, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydroindolizines by N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Core-Structure-Inspired Strategy of Azolium-Enolate Cascade. Org Lett 2021; 23:5223-5228. [PMID: 34160226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The core-structure motivated design has allowed the enantioselective synthesis of 5,6-dihydroindolizines via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. The NHC-catalyzed reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with the suitably substituted pyrrole derivatives proceed via the initial generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums from enals, and enolates from pyrroles and the reaction culminated in an efficient cascade process involving the Michael-aldol-lactonization-decarboxylation sequence to afford the products in reasonable yields and high selectivities. The method is further extended to the construction of spirocyclic 5,6-dihydroindolizines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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18
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Ghosh A, Biju AT. Revealing the Similarities of α,β-Unsaturated Iminiums and Acylazoliums in Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13712-13724. [PMID: 33205860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The secondary amine-catalyzed reactions proceeding via α,β-unsaturated iminiums and the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed transformations taking place via α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums are the two widely used electrophilic intermediates in organocatalysis. Over the last two decades, these two intermediates are extensively utilized for the enantioselective construction of valuable molecules. Both intermediates are generated by the covalent binding of catalysts to the substrates leading to LUMO activation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. A variety of soft nucleophiles are known to add to the α,β-unsaturated iminiums and acylazoliums in a conjugate fashion, and in many cases, striking similarity in reactivity has been observed. Having said this, there are few cases where these intermediates exhibit difference in reactivity. This Minireview is aimed at highlighting the resemblances in reactivity between α,β-unsaturated iminiums and acylazoliums thereby shedding light on the unnoticed parallels of the two intermediates in organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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19
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Ghosh A, Biju AT. Revealing the Similarities of α,β‐Unsaturated Iminiums and Acylazoliums in Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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20
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Cao L, Li T, Chi YR, Jin Z. Carbene‐Catalyzed
N
,
N
‐Nucleophilic Activation of Thioureas for Access to Pyrimidinthione Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Cao
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education School of Public Health Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
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21
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Wang K, Liu M, Han Y, Sun A, Ma X. NHC‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes with Benzyl Ketones: Direct Access to 4,5,6‐Trisubstituted Dihydropyranones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Menghan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Han
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Aili Sun
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xueji Ma
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
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22
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Maiti R, Xu J, Yan JL, Mondal B, Yang X, Chai H, Hao L, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-catalyzed selective addition of isothioureas to enals for access to sulphur-containing 5,6-dihyropyrimidin-4-ones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed highly regioselective and enantioselective 1,4-addition reaction between isothioureas and enals has been achieved under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Maiti
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Bivas Mondal
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Huifang Chai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agriculture Bioengineering
- Ministry of Education
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
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23
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Chernyshov VV, Yarovaya OI, Vatsadze SZ, Borisevich SS, Trukhan SN, Gatilov YV, Peshkov RY, Eltsov IV, Martyanov ON, Salakhutdinov NF. Unexpected Ring Opening During the Imination of Camphor‐Type Bicyclic Ketones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Chernyshov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Z. Vatsadze
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninski pr., 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics Ufa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences 71 Octyabrya pr. 450054 Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N. Trukhan
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Yuri V. Gatilov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Roman Yu. Peshkov
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Ilia V. Eltsov
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N. Martyanov
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS 9 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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24
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Shang L, Feng Y, Gao X, Chen Z, Xia Y, Jin W, Liu C. DMAP‐Catalyzed
C—N Bond Formation for Diverse Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐
a
]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[1,2‐
a
]benzimidazole Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le‐Le Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Yun Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Xing‐Lian Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Zi‐Ren Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Yu Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Wei‐Wei Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
| | - Chen‐Jiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China
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25
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. A computational study on NHC-Catalyzed [3+4] annulation between isatin-derived enal and aurone-derived azadiene: Insights into mechanism and stereoselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivity of NHC-catalyzed reaction of aldehyde and butadienoate. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Li Y, Zhang Z. Computational study on NHC catalyzed [4+2] annulation between γ-chloroenals and pyrazolinones: mechanism and stereoselectivity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivity of NHC-catalyzed reaction between γ-chloroenal and α-arylidene pyrazolinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan 114051
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan 114051
- P. R. China
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