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Santos N, Fuentes-Lemus E, Ahumada M. Use of photosensitive molecules in the crosslinking of biopolymers: applications and considerations in biomaterials development. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6550-6562. [PMID: 38913025 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of diverse types of biomaterials has significantly contributed to bringing new biomedical strategies to treat clinical conditions. Applications of these biomaterials can range from mechanical support and protection of injured tissues to joint replacement, tissue implants, and drug delivery systems. Among the strategies commonly used to prepare biomaterials, the use of electromagnetic radiation to initiate crosslinking stands out. The predominance of photo-induced polymerization methods relies on a fast, efficient, and straightforward process that can be easily adjusted to clinical needs. This strategy consists of irradiating the components that form the material with photons in the near ultraviolet-visible wavelength range (i.e., ∼310 to 750 nm) in the presence of a photoactive molecule. Upon photon absorption, photosensitive molecules can generate excited species that initiate photopolymerization through different reaction mechanisms. However, this process could promote undesired side reactions depending on the target zone or treatment type (e.g., oxidative stress and modification of biomolecules such as proteins and lipids). This review explores the basic concepts behind the photopolymerization process of ex situ and in situ biomaterials. Particular emphasis was put on the photosensitization initiated by the most employed photosensitizers and the photoreactions that they mediate in aqueous media. Finally, the undesired oxidation reactions at the bio-interface and potential solutions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Santos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
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Madar Saheb MA, Kanagaraj M, Kannan S. Exploring the Biomedical Potential of PLA/Dysprosium Phosphate Composites via Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: Design, Morphological, Mechanical, and Multimodal Imaging and Finite Element Modeling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5414-5425. [PMID: 37949434 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of dysprosium phosphate (DyPO4) as an efficient additive in polylactide (PLA) to develop 3D printed scaffolds through the material extrusion (MEX) principle for application in bone tissue engineering. Initially, uniform sized particles of DyPO4 with tetragonal crystal setting are obtained and subsequently blended with different concentrations of PLA to extrude in the form of filaments. A maximum of 20 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix has been successfully drawn to yield a defect free filament. The resultant filaments were 3D printed through material extrusion methodology. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the successful reinforcement of DyPO4 throughout the PLA matrix in all of the 3D printed components. All of the PLA/DyPO4 composites exhibited magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography contrasting properties, which were dependent on the dysprosium content in the PLA matrix. The detailed mechanical evaluation of the 3D printed PLA/DyPO4 composites ensured good strength accomplished by the reinforcement of 5 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix, beyond which a gradual decline in the strength is noticed. Representative volume elements models were developed to realize the intrinsic property of the PLA/DyPO4 composite, and finite element analysis under both static and dynamic loading conditions has been performed to account for the reliability of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugan Kanagaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Sanjeevi Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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Kong F, Mehwish N, Lee BH. Emerging albumin hydrogels as personalized biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:67-90. [PMID: 36509399 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developing biomaterials-based tissue engineering scaffolds with personalized features and intrinsic biocompatibility is appealing and urgent. Through utilizing various strategies, albumin, as the most abundant protein in plasma, could be fabricated into sustainable, cost-effective, and potentially personalized hydrogels that would display enormous biological applications. To date, much of the albumin-based research is primarily engrossed in using albumin as a therapeutic molecule or a drug carrier, not much as a scaffold for tissue engineering. For this reason, we have come up with a detailed and insightful review of recent progress in albumin-based hydrogels having an emphasis on production techniques, material characteristics, and biological uses. It is envisioned that albumin-based scaffolds would be appealing and useful platforms to meet current tissue engineering needs and achieve the goal of clinical translation to benefit patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The creation of autologous material-based scaffolds is a potential method for preventing immunological reactions and obtaining the best therapeutic results. Patient-derived albumin hydrogels may consequently provide improved opportunities for personalized treatment due to their abundant supply and minimal immunogenicity. To provide a detailed and insightful summary on albumin-based hydrogels, this review includes latest comprehensive information on their preparation procedures, features, and applications in 3D printing and other biomedical applications. The challenges, along with the future potential for implementing albumin-based hydrogels in clinics, have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhui Kong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Nabila Mehwish
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China.
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing in Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060678. [PMID: 35745597 PMCID: PMC9229198 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique where the products are printed layer-by-layer via a series of cross-sectional slices with the exact deposition of different cell types and biomaterials based on computer-aided design software. Three-dimensional printing can be divided into several approaches, such as extrusion-based printing, laser-induced forward transfer-based printing systems, and so on. Bio-ink is a crucial tool necessary for the fabrication of the 3D construct of living tissue in order to mimic the native tissue/cells using 3D printing technology. The formation of 3D software helps in the development of novel drug delivery systems with drug screening potential, as well as 3D constructs of tumor models. Additionally, several complex structures of inner tissues like stroma and channels of different sizes are printed through 3D printing techniques. Three-dimensional printing technology could also be used to develop therapy training simulators for educational purposes so that learners can practice complex surgical procedures. The fabrication of implantable medical devices using 3D printing technology with less risk of infections is receiving increased attention recently. A Cancer-on-a-chip is a microfluidic device that recreates tumor physiology and allows for a continuous supply of nutrients or therapeutic compounds. In this review, based on the recent literature, we have discussed various printing methods for 3D printing and types of bio-inks, and provided information on how 3D printing plays a crucial role in cancer management.
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[Research progress of in-situ three dimensional bio-printing technology for repairing bone and cartilage injuries]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:487-494. [PMID: 35426290 PMCID: PMC9011084 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the research progress of in-situ three dimensional (3D) bio-printing technology in the repair of bone and cartilage injuries. METHODS Literature on the application of in-situ 3D bio-printing technology to repair bone and cartilage injuries at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. RESULTS As a new tissue engineering technology, in-situ 3D bio-printing technology is mainly applied to repair bone, cartilage, and skin tissue injuries. By combining biomaterials, bioactive substances, and cells, tissue is printed directly at the site of injury or defect. At present, the research on the technology mainly focuses on printing mode, bio-ink, and printing technology; the application research in the field of bone and cartilage mainly focuses on pre-vascularization, adjusting the composition of bio-ink, improving scaffold structure, printing technology, loading drugs, cells, and bioactive factors, so as to promote tissue injury repair. CONCLUSION Multiple animal experiments have confirmed that in-situ 3D bio-printing technology can construct bone and cartilage tissue grafts in a real-time, rapid, and minimally invasive manner. In the future, it is necessary to continue to develop bio-inks suitable for specific tissue grafts, as well as combine with robotics, fusion imaging, and computer-aided medicine to improve printing efficiency.
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Del Pozo M, Sol JAHP, Schenning APHJ, Debije MG. 4D Printing of Liquid Crystals: What's Right for Me? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104390. [PMID: 34716625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen major advances in the developments of both additive manufacturing concepts and responsive materials. When combined as 4D printing, the process can lead to functional materials and devices for use in health, energy generation, sensing, and soft robots. Among responsive materials, liquid crystals, which can deliver programmed, reversible, rapid responses in both air and underwater, are a prime contender for additive manufacturing, given their ease of use and adaptability to many different applications. In this paper, selected works are compared and analyzed to come to a didactical overview of the liquid crystal-additive manufacturing junction. Reading from front to back gives the reader a comprehensive understanding of the options and challenges in the field, while researchers already experienced in either liquid crystals or additive manufacturing are encouraged to scan through the text to see how they can incorporate additive manufacturing or liquid crystals into their own work. The educational text is closed with proposals for future research in this crossover field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Del Pozo
- Laboratory for Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials & Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A H P Sol
- Laboratory for Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials & Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P H J Schenning
- Laboratory for Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials & Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Laboratory for Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials & Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
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Erben A, Hörning M, Hartmann B, Becke T, Eisler SA, Southan A, Cranz S, Hayden O, Kneidinger N, Königshoff M, Lindner M, Tovar GEM, Burgstaller G, Clausen‐Schaumann H, Sudhop S, Heymann M. Precision 3D-Printed Cell Scaffolds Mimicking Native Tissue Composition and Mechanics. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000918. [PMID: 33025765 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics are modeled by the 3D architecture and mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vice versa. These bidirectional cell-ECM interactions are the basis for all vital tissues, many of which have been investigated in 2D environments over the last decades. Experimental approaches to mimic in vivo cell niches in 3D with the highest biological conformity and resolution can enable new insights into these cell-ECM interactions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion assays. Here, two-photon stereolithography is adopted to print up to mm-sized high-precision 3D cell scaffolds at micrometer resolution with defined mechanical properties from protein-based resins, such as bovine serum albumin or gelatin methacryloyl. By modifying the manufacturing process including two-pass printing or post-print crosslinking, high precision scaffolds with varying Young's moduli ranging from 7-300 kPa are printed and quantified through atomic force microscopy. The impact of varying scaffold topographies on the dynamics of colonizing cells is observed using mouse myoblast cells and a 3D-lung microtissue replica colonized with primary human lung fibroblast. This approach will allow for a systematic investigation of single-cell and tissue dynamics in response to defined mechanical and bio-molecular cues and is ultimately scalable to full organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Erben
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Bastian Hartmann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Tanja Becke
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 15 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Séverine Cranz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V Ludwig‐Maximillians‐University Munich Marchioninistr. 15 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University of Colorado Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine 13001 E. 17th Pl. Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Michael Lindner
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Müllner Hauptstraße 48 Salzburg A‐5020 Austria
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen‐Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics MPI of Biochemistry Martinsried Am Klopferspitz 18 Planegg 82152 Germany
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