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Gebrie HT, Thankachan D, Tsai HC, Lai JY, Chang HM, Wu SY. Doxorubicin-loaded Polymeric Biotin-PEG-SeSe-PBLA Micelles with surface Binding of Biotin-Mediated Cancer Cell Targeting and Redox-Responsive Drug release for enhanced anticancer efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114028. [PMID: 38905811 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Biotin receptors are overexpressed in various cancer cell types, essential in tumor development, metabolism, and metastasis. Chemotherapeutic agents may be more effective and have fewer adverse effects if they specifically target the biotin receptors on cancer cells. Polymeric micelles (PMs) with nanoscale size via the EPR effect to accumulate near tumor tissue. We utilized the solvent exchange technique to crate polymeric Biotin-PEG-SeSe-PBLA micelles. This underwent self-assembly to create uniformly dispersed PMs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 81.54 ± 0.23 nm. The resulting PMs characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. PMs exhibited a high efficacy of Doxorubicin encapsulation (EE) and loading content (DLC), with values of 5.93 wt% and 74.32 %, respectively. DOX@Biotin-PEG-SeSe-PBLA micelles showed optimal DOX release, around 89 % and 74 % in 10 mM glutathione and 0.1 % H2O2, respectively, within 72 hours, in the simulated cancer redox pool. Fascinatingly, the blank Biotin-PEG-SeSe-PBLA micelles did not affect the HaCaT or HeLa cell lines; approximately 85 % of the cells were metabolically active. Contrarily, at a 5 μg/ml concentration, DOX@Biotin-PEG-SeSe-PBLA specifically inhibited the proliferation of roughly 76 % of HeLa cells and 11 % of HaCaT cells. The fluorescence microscopy results demonstrated that biotin-decorated micelles were more successfully internalized by HeLa cells, which overexpress the biotin receptor, than by non-targeted micelles in vitro. In summary, the diselenide-linked Biotin-PEGSeSe-PBLA formed smart PMs that could offer DOX specific to cancer cells with precision and are physiologically durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Tegenu Gebrie
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Darieo Thankachan
- Department of materials science and engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; Advanced Membrane Material Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; R&d Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; Advanced Membrane Material Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; R&d Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Ming Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu X, Wang X, Zang D, Chang Y, Su W, Li G, Zhang J, Yang P, Ma X, Guo Y. pH-responsive oxygen self-sufficient smart nanoplatform for enhanced tumor chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:1080-1090. [PMID: 39018635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Premature drug release in chemotherapy and hypoxic conditions in photodynamic therapy (PDT) are perplexing problems in tumor treatment. Thus, it is of great significance to develop the novel therapeutic system with controllable drug release and effective oxygen generation. Herein, a pH-responsive oxygen self-sufficient smart nanoplatform (named DHCCC), integrating hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), chitosan (CS), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), chlorin e6 (Ce6) and catalase (CAT), is fabricated to enhance the tumor therapeutic efficacy efficiently through avoiding premature drug release and mitigating hypoxia of tumor microenvironment (TME). The drug DOX can be efficiently loaded into the HMSNs with large cavity and be controllable released because of the pH responsiveness of CS to the weak acidic TME, thereby elevating the chemotherapy efficacy. Meanwhile, CAT can catalyze the decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in situ generating oxygen to alleviate the hypoxia and enhance the PDT efficiency considerably. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the combined chemo-photodynamic therapy based on the DHCCC nanoplatform exerts more effective antitumor efficacy than chemotherapy or PDT alone. The current study provides a promising inspiration to construct the pH-responsive oxygen self-sufficient smart nanomedicine with potentials to prevent premature drug leakage and overcome hypoxia for efficient tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Yi Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Guangyang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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Tang X, Wen Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Song X, Li J. Rationally designed multifunctional nanoparticles as GSH-responsive anticancer drug delivery systems based on host-guest polymers derived from dextran and β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121207. [PMID: 37659810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor proliferation and metastasis rely on energy provided by mitochondria. The hexokinase inhibitor lonidamine (LND) could suppress the activities in mitochondria, being a potential antitumor drug. However, limited water-solubility of LND may hinder its biomedical applications. Besides, the cancer-killing effect of LND is compromised by the high level of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells. Therefore, it is urgent to find a proper method to simultaneously deliver LND and deplete GSH as well as monitor GSH level in cancer cells. Herein, a host polymer β-cyclodextrin-polyethylenimine (β-CD-PEI) and a guest polymer dextran-5-dithio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Dextran-SS-TNB) were synthesized and allowed to form LND-loaded GSH-responsive nanoparticles through host-guest inclusion complexation between β-CD and TNB as host and guest molecular moieties, respectively, which functioned as a system for simultaneous delivery of LND and -SS-TNB species into cancer cells. As a result, the delivery system could deplete GSH and elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cancer cells, further induce LND-based mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-based immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to a synergistic and efficient anticancer effect. In addition, -SS-TNB reacted with GSH to release TNB2-, which could be a probe with visible light absorption at 410 nm for monitoring the GSH level in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore.
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jingling Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Bai Y, Liu C, Yang J, Liu C, Shang Q, Tian W. Supramolecular self-assemblies based on water-soluble pillar[6]arene and drug-drug conjugates for the combination of chemotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112606. [PMID: 35660745 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although some co-drug delivery systems have been reported to treat cancer, how to optimal design these nano-systems with enhanced therapeutic efficacy is still a major challenge. As for the nitrogen mustard drugs chlorambucil (Cb), the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in cancer tissue is responsible for their detoxification and reduced bioavailability. In this paper, chlorambucil-oxoplatin (Cb-Pt) was prepared to fabricate water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP[6]) based supramolecular drug-drug self-assemblies (SDSAs). Remarkably, after the transcytosis by cancer cells, SDSAs was reduced by GSH to re lease Cb and higher toxic cisplatin, accompanying with the declining GSH level and ascending ROS level. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that SDSAs with oxidative stress amplification strategy exhibited excellent therapeutic effect. This strategy might be useful for the synergistic co-drug based chemotherapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Caiping Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, OME Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Qingqing Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, OME Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Birhan YS, Hanurry EY, Mekonnen TW, Darge HF, Lin Y, Yang M, Tsai H. Biotin‐decorated redox‐responsive micelles from diselenide‐linked star‐shaped copolymers for the targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin in cancer cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Endris Yibru Hanurry
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tefera Worku Mekonnen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Haile Fentahun Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsieh‐Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan
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Li J, Hu ZE, We YJ, Liu YH, Wang N, Yu XQ. Multifunctional carbon quantum dots as a theranostic nanomedicine for fluorescence imaging-guided glutathione depletion to improve chemodynamic therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1219-1228. [PMID: 34492460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To minimize unwanted reactions with high concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during chemodynamic therapy (CDT), a simple and effective strategy was developed to fabricate a TME stimuli-responsive theranostic nanomedicine (Fe-CD) for fluorescence imaging-guided GSH depletion and cancer therapy by combining fluorescent imaging carbon dots (CD) and Fe(III). Introducing Fe(III) into Fe-CD not only quenched the fluorescence of CD while reacting with and consuming intracellular GSH for fluorescence imaging of the depletion of GSH but also provided a source of metal ions to generate more abundant hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the Fenton reaction to improve CDT. Fe-CD showed promising •OH generation under H2O2 to effectively degrade methylene blue in vitro and obviously activate the green fluorescence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe in cells. Benefiting from the fluorescence enhancement in response to TME stimulation, Fe-CD greatly enhanced CDT cytotoxicity while monitoring successful GSH depletion by fluorescence imaging. Fe-CD has the potential to act as a theranostic nanomedicine for fluorescence imaging-guided GSH depletion to amplify CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zu-E Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yun-Jie We
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Novel amphiphilic fluorine-containing nanocarriers for oxygen self-sufficiency "AND" GSH depletion sequentially to enhance photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112341. [PMID: 34474891 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to maximize the retention of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, while avoiding the dilemma of hypoxia and high reducing substances in tumor tissue, fluoropolymers were synthesized in a simple and effective methods. Fluorous effect with good oxygen carrying capacity was endowed by the fluorine-containing section in fluoropolymers and the perfluorodecalin (PFD) together, the reaction site with GSH was provided by the disulfide bond, which enhanced PDT efficiency through the sequential "AND" logic gate design. Two kind of fluorine-containing nanocarriers (M-Ce6 and E-Ce6) were obtained by solvent evaporation or ultrasound emulsification with PFD, respectively. In vitro, both of them showed promising high ROS generation under photoirradiation. Benefiting by cavitation effects, E-Ce6 had a more significant statistical difference in cellular uptake. Furthermore, the cells incubating with E-Ce6 hardly were noticed that the hypoxia signal appeared under hypoxia, while reducing the intracellular GSH content by more than 15%. Through the sequential "AND" logic gate design, ROS production even under hypoxia and GSH conditions of E-Ce6 was also almost 1.5 times that of Ce6 under normoxia. Enhancing effect of E-Ce6 was 13.47 times and 6.85 times, while selectivity ratio reached 5.13 times and 4.81 times compared with Ce6 and M-Ce6. The two-pronged strategy showed a high potential for delivering the Ce6 to deep inside of cancer cells and killing it in the simulated tumor by PDT. These above results demonstrated the potential of E-Ce6, as oxygen self-sufficiency and GSH depletion nanocarriers for combined enhancement of photodynamic therapy.
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Yang C, Tu X, Ji X, Ye H, Li S, Sun L, Yi L, Xi Z. Investigation of thiolysis of 4-substituted SBD derivatives and rational design of a GSH-selective fluorescent probe. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6527-6533. [PMID: 34259299 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate 7-sulfonamide benzoxadiazole (SBD) derivatives for the development of fluorescent probes, herein we investigated the thiolysis reactivity and selectivity of a series of SBD compounds with different atoms (N/O/S/Se) at the 4-position. Both SBD-amine and SBD-ether are stable toward biothiols in buffer (pH 7.4), while SBD-selenoether can react efficiently with biothiols GSH/Hcy, Cys, and H2S to produce SBD-SG/S-Hcy, SBD-NH-Cys, and SBD-SH, respectively, with three different sets of spectral signals. Therefore, the SBD-selenoether compounds should be useful platforms for the differentiation of these biothiols. Though SBD-alkylthioether shows much lower reactivity than SBD-selenoether, SBD-arylthioether is a tunable motif and structural modifications at the aryl moiety enable the rate of thiol-mediated thiolysis to be modified. To this end, an ER-targeted GSH-selective fluorescent probe 7 was rationally designed via thiolysis of SBD-arylthioether. Compared with control probe SBD-Cl, probe 7 exhibits improved GSH selectivity and better biocompatibility. In total, this study highlights that the modification at the 4-position of SBD is an efficient strategy for the development of new fluorescent probes with tunable reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuru Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Haishun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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