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Siva Prasad P, Byram PK, Hazra C, Chakravorty N, Sen R, Das S, Das K. Biosurfactant-Assisted Cu Doping of Brushite Coatings: Enhancing Structural, Electrochemical, and Biofunctional Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10601-10622. [PMID: 38376231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stainless steel (316L SS) has been widely used in orthopedic, cardiovascular stents, and other biomedical implant applications due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. To address the weak interaction between steel implants and tissues, it is a widely adopted strategy to enhance implant performance through the application of bioactive coatings. In this study, Cu-doped brushite coatings were deposited successfully through pulse electrodeposition on steel substrates facilitated with a biosurfactant (BS) (i.e., surfactin). Further, the combined effect of various concentrations of Cu ions and BS on the structural, electrochemical, and biological properties was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms brushite composition with Cu substitution causing lattice contraction and a reduced crystallite size. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies reveal the morphological changes of the coatings with the incorporation of Cu, which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental mapping. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the brushite and Cu doping in the coatings, respectively. Increased surface roughness and mechanical properties of Cu-doped coatings were analyzed by using atomic force microscopic (AFM) and nanohardness tests, respectively. Electrochemical assessments demonstrate corrosion resistance enhancement in Cu-doped coatings, which is further improved with the addition of biosurfactants. In vitro biomineralization studies show the Cu-doped coating's potential for osseointegration, with added stability. The cytocompatibility of the coatings was analyzed using live/dead and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays; cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration studies were evaluated using SEM. Antibacterial assays highlight significant improvement in the antibacterial properties of Cu-doped coatings with BS. Thus, the developed Cu-doped brushite coatings with BS demonstrate their potential in the realm of biomedical implant technologies, paving the way for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakanati Siva Prasad
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Byram
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302, India
| | - Chinmay Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302, India
| | - Nishant Chakravorty
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302, India
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Karabi Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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2
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Hu P, Zhu L, Tian C, Xu G, Zhang X, Cai G. Study of Anticorrosion and Antifouling Properties of a Cu-Doped TiO 2 Coating Fabricated via Micro-Arc Oxidation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:217. [PMID: 38204072 PMCID: PMC10780014 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As a promising material for petroleum industrial applications, titanium (Ti) and its alloys receive wide attention due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. However, the harsh industrial environment requires an antifouling surface with a desired corrosion resistance for Ti and its alloys. In order to achieve the desired antifouling properties, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to prepare a Cu-doped TiO2 coating. The microstructure of the Cu-doped TiO2 coating was investigated by TF-XRD, SEM, and other characterization techniques, and its antifouling and anticorrosion properties were also tested. The results show the effects of the incorporation of Cu (~1.73 wt.%) into TiO2 to form a Cu-doped TiO2, namely, a Ti-Cu coating. The porosity (~4.8%) and average pore size (~0.42 μm) of the Ti-Cu coating are smaller than the porosity (~5.6%) and average pore size (~0.66 μm) of Ti-blank coating. In addition, there is a significant reduction in the amount of SRB adhesion on the Ti-Cu coating compared to the Ti-blank coating under the same conditions, while there is little difference in corrosion resistance between the two coatings. There, the addition of copper helps to improve the fouling resistance of TiO2 coatings without compromising their corrosion resistance. Our work provides a practical method to improve the antifouling function of metallic Ti substrates, which could promote the application of Ti in the petroleum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
- East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 420202, China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chenghuan Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
- East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 420202, China
| | - Gege Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
- East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 420202, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyi Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
- East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 420202, China
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3
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Wen X, Liu Y, Xi F, Zhang X, Kang Y. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and its potential for improving the performance of titanium implants in biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282590. [PMID: 38026886 PMCID: PMC10662315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making them attractive for biomedical applications. However, their biological inertness and lack of antimicrobial properties may compromise the success of implants. In this review, the potential of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology to create bioactive coatings on Ti implants is discussed. The review covers the following aspects: 1) different factors, such as electrolyte, voltage and current, affect the properties of MAO coatings; 2) MAO coatings affect biocompatibility, including cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, angiogenic activity, corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity and osseointegration; 3) antibacterial properties can be achieved by adding copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and other elements to achieve antimicrobial properties; and 4) MAO can be combined with other physical and chemical techniques to enhance the performance of MAO coatings. It is concluded that MAO coatings offer new opportunities for improving the use of Ti and its alloys in biomedical applications, and some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangquan Xi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingwan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Pazarçeviren AE, Evis Z, Dikmen T, Altunbaş K, Yaprakçı MV, Keskin D, Tezcaner A. Alginate/gelatin/boron-doped hydroxyapatite-coated Ti implants: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of osseointegration. Biodes Manuf 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Costa RC, Nagay BE, Dini C, Borges MHR, Miranda LFB, Cordeiro JM, Souza JGS, Sukotjo C, Cruz NC, Barão VAR. The race for the optimal antimicrobial surface: perspectives and challenges related to plasma electrolytic oxidation coating for titanium-based implants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102805. [PMID: 36434916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a low-cost, structurally reliable, and environmentally friendly surface modification method for orthopedic and dental implants. This technique is successful for the formation of porous, corrosion-resistant, and bioactive coatings, besides introducing antimicrobial compounds easily. Given the increase in implant-related infections, antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces have been widely proposed to surmount this public health concern. This review comprehensively discusses antimicrobial implant surfaces currently produced by PEO in terms of their in vitro and in vivo microbiological and biological properties. We present a critical [part I] and evidence-based [part II] review about the plethora of antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces. The mechanism of microbial accumulation on implanted devices and the principles of PEO technology to ensure antimicrobial functionalization by one- or multi-step processes are outlined. Our systematic literature search showed that particular focus has been placed on the metallic and semi-metallic elements incorporated into PEO surfaces to facilitate antimicrobial properties, which are often dose-dependent, without leading to cytotoxicity in vitro. Meanwhile, there are concerns over the biocompatibility of PEO and its long-term antimicrobial effects in animal models. We clearly highlight the importance of using clinically relevant infection models and in vivo long-term assessments to guarantee the rational design of antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces to identify the 'finish line' in the race for antimicrobial implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Maria H R Borges
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Luís F B Miranda
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino (UNIFAE), Sāo Joāo da Boa Vista, Sāo Paulo 13870-377, Brazil
| | - Joāo G S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dentistry Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nilson C Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology, Sāo Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Sāo Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
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kang B, Lan D, Yao C, Liu P, Chen X, Qi S. Evaluation of antibacterial property and biocompatibility of Cu doped TiO2 coated implant prepared by micro-arc oxidation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:941109. [PMID: 36118563 PMCID: PMC9479446 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.941109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to enhance osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial property of dental implants, volcano-shaped microporous TiO2 coatings doped with Cu were fabricated via micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on Ti. Cu-doped coating with different mass ratios of Cu were obtained by changing the concentration of copper acetate in the electrolyte. The structure of Cu-TiO2 coatings were systematically investigated. Element Copper was uniformly distributed throughout the coating. Compared with TiO2 coating, the Cu-doped can further improved proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), facilitated osteogenic differentiation. The bacteriostasis experiments demonstrated that Cu-doped TiO2 coating possess excellent antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin kang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Lan
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Chen, ; Shengcai Qi,
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxill of Acial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Chen, ; Shengcai Qi,
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Microstructure and Properties in Simulated Seawater of Copper-Doped Micro-arc Coatings on TC4 Alloy. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings were prepared on TC4 titanium alloys by adding CuSO4 to a (NaPO3)6 base solution. The microstructures of the MAO coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of these coatings were evaluated via hydrochloric acid immersion of weight deficit and friction tests. Those results indicated the presence of Cu in the MAO coating in the form of CuO and Cu2O. Incorporation of CuSO4 results in a thickness and roughness increase in the coating. The coating has a lower coefficient of friction (0.2) upon the addition of 4 g/L of CuSO4. The antibacterial properties of the MAO coatings were maximized at 6 g/L of CuSO4. However, the corrosion resistance of the copper-doped MAO coating did not exceed the undoped coating. This study shows that the addition of CuSO4 to the electrolyte successfully prepared copper-containing micro-arc oxidation coatings, which improved the wear resistance and antibacterial properties of the coating.
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8
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Zhang M, Han S, Niu X, Li H, Zhang D, Fan H, Wang K. Innovative Synthesis of PANI/Cu
2
O Nanocomposite and Its Antibacterial Properties**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Sha Han
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Deyi Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Chemistry Department Nazarbayev University Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Kunjie Wang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730050 China
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Lv Y, Sun S, Zhang X, Lu X, Dong Z. Construction of multi-layered Zn-modified TiO 2 coating by ultrasound-auxiliary micro-arc oxidation: Microstructure and biological property. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112487. [PMID: 34857273 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces with desirable cytocompatibility and bactericidal ability are favoured for orthopaedic implants to stimulate osteogenic activity and to prevent implant-associated infection. In this work, we creatively introduce ultrasonic vibration (UV) to micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process and explore its influence on the microstructure, corrosion property and biological responses of Zn-modified TiO2 coating. With the introduction of UV, a uniform surface layer with homogeneously-distributed clusters could be produced as the outer layer, which possesses a fusion band with the underlying TiO2. The microstructural modification associated with UV results in the enhanced corrosion resistance, increased adhesive strength and improved biological performances of the resultant coating relative to that with the absence of UV. Hence, the ultrasonic auxiliary micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) is regarded as a promising surface modification method to produce Ti-based orthopaedic implants of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siqin Sun
- Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, 216 Guanshan Road, Hongshan District, 430060, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zehua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Zhang Z, Yi G, Li P, Zhang X, Fan H, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Sun Q. Construction of N-Doped Carbon Dots/Macroporous TiO 2 Composites (N-CDs/m-TiO 2) with Dramatically Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Guiyun Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Haiyang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Jiaozuo 454003, China
- Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Henan Province (21IRTSTHN006), Jiaozuo 454003, China
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