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Garg R, Anjum F, Salam A, Kaushik K, Sharma S, Sahrawat U, Yadav A, Nandi CK. Tracking the super resolved structure of mitochondria using red emissive carbon nanodots as a fluorescent biomarker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13454-13457. [PMID: 37882736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report new red emissive highly photostable and water-soluble carbon nanodots (TPP CNDs) to visualize mitochondrial dynamics using super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF) microscopy. The TPP CNDs were synthesized in a one-step method, using 3-(carboxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) and o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) as precursors. The obtained crystal structure, NMR, and mass data suggested the presence of [3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propyl](triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (C28H26N2P+Br-) as a molecular fluorophore (MF) on the surface of the TPP CNDs. The TPP CNDs showed better photostability than the commercially available MitoTracker™ Green and were highly capable for long-term imaging of mitochondrial fission during hyperglycemic conditions and structural changes upon an antidiabetic drug treatment, without altering their fluorescence nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Farhan Anjum
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India
| | - Abdul Salam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Kush Kaushik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Shagun Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Udisha Sahrawat
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Aditya Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
| | - Chayan Kanti Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi, H.P.-175005, India.
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Jiang L, Cai H, Zhou W, Li Z, Zhang L, Bi H. RNA-Targeting Carbon Dots for Live-Cell Imaging of Granule Dynamics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210776. [PMID: 36645339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to monitor the different RNA granules dynamics and phase separation process inside cells under various stresses, for example, oxidative stress. The current small-molecule RNA probes work well only in fixed cells and usually encounter problems such as insufficient stability and biocompatibility, and thus a specific RNA-targeting fluorescent nanoprobe that can be used in the living cells is urgently desired. Here, the de novo design and microwave-assisted synthesis of a novel RNA-targeting, red-emissive carbon dots (named as M-CDs) are reported by choosing neutral red and levofloxacin as precursors. The as-synthesized M-CDs is water-soluble with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 22.83% and can selectively bind to RNA resulting in an enhanced red fluorescence. More interestingly, such an RNA-targeting, red-emissive M-CDs can be fast internalized into cells within 5 s and thus used for real-time imaging the dynamic process of intracellular stress granules under oxidative stress, revealing some characteristics of granules that have not been identified by previously reported RNA and protein biomarkers. This research paves a new pathway for visualizing bulk RNA dynamics and studying phase-separation behaviors in living cells by rational design of the fluorescent carbon dots in terms of structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
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Li J, zhou Y, Xiao Y, Cai S, Huang C, Guo S, Sun Y, Song RB, Li Z. Carbon dots as light-responsive oxidase-like nanozyme for colorimetric detection of total antioxidant capacity in fruits. Food Chem 2022; 405:134749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He C, Lin X, Mei Y, Luo Y, Yang M, Kuang Y, Yi X, Zeng W, Huang Q, Zhong B. Recent Advances in Carbon Dots for In Vitro/Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:905475. [PMID: 35601546 PMCID: PMC9117726 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of “zero-dimensional” fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have some unique optical and chemical properties, they are being explored for a variety of applications in bio-related fields, such as bioimaging, biosensors, and therapy. This review mainly summarizes the recent progress of CDs in bioimaging. The overview of this review can be roughly divided into two categories: (1) In vitro bioimaging based on CDs in different cells and important organelles. (2) The distribution, imaging and application of CDs in mice and zebrafish. In addition, this review also points out the potential advantages and future development directions of CDs for bioimaging, which may promote the development of CDs in the field of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Yanqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Qitong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
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Pang Y, Yao Y, Yang M, Wu D, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T. TFEB-lysosome pathway activation is associated with different cell death responses to carbon quantum dots in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:31. [PMID: 35477523 PMCID: PMC9047349 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon dot has been widely used in biomedical field as a kind of nanomaterial with low toxicity and high biocompatibility. CDs has demonstrated its unique advantages in assisted drug delivery, target diagnosis and targeted therapy with its small size and spontaneous fluorescence. However, the potential biosafety of CDs cannot be evaluated. Therefore, we focused on the study of liver, the target organ involved in CDs metabolism, to evaluate the risk of CDs in vitro. Methods and results Liver macrophage KUP5 cells and normal liver cells AML12 cells were incubated in CDs at the same concentration for 24 h to compare the different effects under the same exposure conditions. The study found that both liver cell models showed ATP metabolism disorder, membrane damage, autophagosome formation and lysosome damage, but the difference was that, KUP5 cells exhibited more serious damage than AML12 cells, suggesting that immunogenic cell type is particularly sensitive to CDs. The underlying mechanism of CDs-induced death of the two hepatocyte types were also assessed. In KUP5 cells, death was caused by inhibition of autophagic flux caused by autophagosome accumulation, this process that was reversed when autophagosome accumulation was prevented by 3-MA. AML12 cells had no such response, suggesting that the accumulation of autophagosomes caused by CDs may be specific to macrophages. Conclusion Activation of the TFEB-lysosome pathway is important in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. The dual regulation of ERK and mTOR phosphorylation upstream of TFEB influences the death outcome of AML12 cells. These findings provide a new understanding of how CDs impact different liver cells and contribute to a more complete toxicological safety evaluation of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Yangzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yangzhou, 225200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Daming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Devices, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Hallaji Z, Bagheri Z, Oroujlo M, Nemati M, Tavassoli Z, Ranjbar B. An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:190. [PMID: 35419708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hallaji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Oroujlo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Nemati
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
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Synthesis Mechanisms, Structural Models, and Photothermal Therapy Applications of Top-Down Carbon Dots from Carbon Powder, Graphite, Graphene, and Carbon Nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031456. [PMID: 35163376 PMCID: PMC8835929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, top-down syntheses of carbon dots (CDs) from four different carbon precursors, namely, carbon nano powders, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, were carried out. Systematic study demonstrated that the optical properties and surface functionalities of the CDs were quite similar and mainly influenced by the synthesis method, while the sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions, and core structures of the CDs were heavily influenced by the carbon precursors. On the basis of these studies, the formation processes and structural models of these four top-down CDs were proposed. The cell cytotoxicity and photothermal conversion efficiency of these CDs were also carefully evaluated, demonstrating their potential applications in photothermal therapy.
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