1
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Song J, Fransen PPKH, Bakker MH, Wijnands SPW, Huang J, Guo S, Dankers PYW. The effect of charge and albumin on cellular uptake of supramolecular polymer nanostructures. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4854-4866. [PMID: 38682307 PMCID: PMC11111113 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02631k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of functional biomolecules by using supramolecular polymer nanostructures has gained significant interest. Here, various charged supramolecular ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy)-aggregates were designed and formulated via a simple "mix-and-match" method. The cellular internalization of these UPy-aggregates in the presence or absence of serum proteins by phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, i.e., THP-1 derived macrophages and immortalized human kidney cells (HK-2 cells), was systematically investigated. In the presence of serum proteins the UPy-aggregates were taken up by both types of cells irrespective of the charge properties of the UPy-aggregates, and the UPy-aggregates co-localized with mitochondria of the cells. In the absence of serum proteins only cationic UPy-aggregates could be effectively internalized by THP-1 derived macrophages, and the internalized UPy-aggregates either co-localized with mitochondria or displayed as vesicular structures. While the cationic UPy-aggregates were hardly internalized by HK-2 cells and could only bind to the membrane of HK-2 cells. With adding and increasing the amount of serum albumin in the cell culture medium, the cationic UPy-aggregates were gradually taken up by HK-2 cells without anchoring on the cell membranes. It is proposed that the serum albumin regulates the cellular internalization of UPy-aggregates. These results provide fundamental insights for the fabrication of supramolecular polymer nanostructures for intracellular delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Song
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Paul K H Fransen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Bakker
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors P W Wijnands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Shuaiqi Guo
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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2
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Sivagnanam S, Das K, Pan I, Stewart A, Barik A, Maity B, Das P. Engineered triphenylphosphonium-based, mitochondrial-targeted liposomal drug delivery system facilitates cancer cell killing actions of chemotherapeutics. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:236-248. [PMID: 38456034 PMCID: PMC10915973 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to their classical role in ATP generation, mitochondria also contribute to Ca2+ buffering, free radical production, and initiation of programmed cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to several leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases as well as several cancer subtypes. Thus, there is growing interest in developing drug-delivery vehicles capable of shuttling therapeutics directly to the mitochondria. Here, we functionalized the conventional 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid/1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PCDA/DMPC)-based liposome with a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cationic group. A fluorescent dansyl dye (DAN) group was also included for tracking mitochondrial drug uptake. The resultant PCDA-TPP and PCDA-DAN conjugates were incorporated into a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)-based lipid bilayer, and these modified liposomes (Lip-DT) were studied for their cellular toxicity, mitochondrial targeting ability, and efficacy in delivering the drug Doxorubicin (Dox) to human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and human breast (MCF7) cancer cells in vitro. This Lip-DT-Dox exhibited the ability to shuttle the encapsulated drug to the mitochondria of cancer cells and triggered oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. The ability of Lip-DT-Dox to trigger cellular toxicity in both HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cells was comparable to the known cell-killing actions of the unencapsulated drug (Dox). The findings in this study reveal a promising approach where conventional liposome-based drug delivery systems can be rendered mitochondria-specific by incorporating well-known mitochondriotropic moieties onto the surface of the liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniyam Sivagnanam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar, Potheri Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu-603203 India
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Atanu Barik
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai 400085 Maharashtra India
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar, Potheri Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu-603203 India
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3
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Zanganeh S, Firoozpour L, Salavatipour MS, Sardari S, Cohan RA, Mohajel N. Critical aggregation concentration can be a predictor of doxorubicin delivery performance of self-assembling amphiphilic peptides with different hydrophobic tails. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00063-7. [PMID: 38417791 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic peptides hold great potential as drug delivery systems. A popular peptide design approach has been to place amino acids in the peptide sequence based on their known properties. On the other hand, the directed discovery approach aims to screen a sequence space for a desired property. However, screening amphiphilic peptides for desirable drug delivery properties is not possible without a quantity that is predictive of these properties. We studied the predictive power of critical aggregation concentration (CAC) values on the drug delivery performance of a series of amphiphilic peptides with different hydrophobic tails and close CAC values. The CAC values were predicted by our previously developed model and doxorubicin was used as a model hydrophobic drug. All peptides showed close drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and release profile. They also formed similar spherical particles by assembling in reverse β-sheet arrangements regardless of drug presence. Moreover, the assembled particles were able to accumulate doxorubicin inside ordinary as well as drug-resistant breast cancer cells and enhance its toxicity up to 39 and 17 folds, respectively. It can be concluded that similar drug delivery properties displayed by the peptides can be attributed to their similar hydrophilic-lipophilic balance as reflected in their close CAC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zanganeh
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Drug Design & Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
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4
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Rana P, Jennifer G A, Rao T S, Mukhopadhyay S, Varathan E, Das P. Polarity-Induced Morphological Transformation with Tunable Optical Output of Terpyridine-Phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole-Based Ligand and Its Zn(II) Complexes with I- V Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48855-48872. [PMID: 38162736 PMCID: PMC10753698 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures obtained from various functional π-conjugated organic molecules have been able to draw substantial interest due to their inherent optical properties, which are imperative for developing optoelectronic devices, multiple-color-emitting devices with color-tunable displays, and optical sensors. These π-conjugated molecules have proven their potential employment in various organic electronic applications. Therefore, the stimuli-responsive fabrication of these π-conjugated systems into a well-ordered assembly is extremely crucial to tuning their inherent optical properties for improved performance in organic electronic applications. To this end, herein, we have designed and synthesized a functional π-conjugated molecule (TP) having phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole with terpyridine substitution at the 2 position and its corresponding metal complexes (TPZn and (TP)2Zn). By varying the polarity of the self-assembly medium, TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn are fabricated into well-ordered superstructures with morphological individualities. However, this medium polarity-induced self-assembly can tune the inherent optical properties of TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn and generate multiple fluorescence colors. Particularly, this property makes them useful for organic electronic applications, which require adjustable luminescence output. More importantly, in 10% aqueous-THF medium, TPZn exhibited H-type aggregation-induced white light emission and behaved as a single-component white light emitter. The experimentally obtained results of the solvent polarity-induced variation in optical properties as well as self-assembly patterns were further confirmed by theoretical investigation using density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, we investigated the I-V characteristics, both vertical and horizontal, using ITO and glass surfaces coated with TP, TPZn, and (TP)2Zn, respectively, and displayed maximum current density for the TPZn-coated surface with the order of measured current density TPZn > TP > (TP)2Zn. This observed order of current density measurements was also supported by a direct band gap calculation associated with the frontier molecular orbitals using the Tauc plot. Hence, solvent polarity-induced self-assembly behavior with adjustable luminescence output and superior I-V characteristics of TPZn make it an exceptional candidate for organic electronic applications and electronic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rana
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Abigail Jennifer G
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shanmuka Rao T
- Department
of Physics, SRM University, Village − Neeru Konda, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Physics, SRM University, Village − Neeru Konda, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Elumalai Varathan
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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5
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Sivagnanam S, Das K, Pan I, Barik A, Stewart A, Maity B, Das P. Functionalized Fluorescent Nanostructures Generated from Self-Assembly of a Cationic Tripeptide Direct Cell-Selective Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:836-847. [PMID: 36757106 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDs) capable of conveying chemotherapeutics directly into malignant cells without harming healthy ones are of significant interest in the field of cancer therapy. However, the development of nanostructures with the requisite biocompatibility, inherent optical properties, cellular penetration ability, encapsulation capability, and target selectivity has remained elusive. In an effort to develop cell-selective NDDs, we have synthesized a cationic tripeptide Boc-Arg-Trp-Phe-OMe (PA1), which self-assembles into well-ordered spheres in 100% aqueous medium. The inherent fluorescence properties of the peptide PA1 were shifted from the ultraviolet to the visible region by the self-assembly. These fluorescent nanostructures are proteolytically stable, photostable, and biocompatible, with characteristic blue fluorescence signals that permit us to monitor their intracellular entry in real time. We also demonstrate that these tripeptide spherical structures (TPSS) have the capacity to entrap the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox), shuttle the encapsulated drug within cancerous cells, and initiate the DNA damage signaling cascade, which culminates in apoptosis. Next, we functionalized the TPSS with an epithelial-cell-specific epithelial cell adhesion molecule aptamer. Aptamer-conjugated PA1 (PA1-Apt) facilitated efficient Dox delivery into the breast cancer epithelial cell line MCF7, resulting in cell death. However, cells of the human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 were resistant to the cell killing actions of PA1-Apt. Together, these data demonstrate that not only can the self-assembly of cationic tripeptides like PA1 be exploited for efficient drug encapsulation and delivery but their unique chemistry also allows for functional modifications, which can improve the selectivity of these versatile NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniyam Sivagnanam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiran Das
- Department of Systems Biology, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Atanu Barik
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Department of Systems Biology, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Sivagnanam S, Das K, Sivakadatcham V, Mahata T, Basak M, Pan I, Stewart A, Maity B, Das P. Generation of Self‐Assembled Structures Composed of Amphipathic, Charged Tripeptides for Intracellular Delivery of Pro‐Apoptotic Chemotherapeutics. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniyam Sivagnanam
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri University building, Room No 1210/8 Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu-603203 India
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus, Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Vijay Sivakadatcham
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri University building, Room No 1210/8 Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu-603203 India
| | - Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus, Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Madhuri Basak
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus, Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Department of Biotechnology Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Tamil Nadu 602105 India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) campus, Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri University building, Room No 1210/8 Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu-603203 India
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7
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Sivagnanam S, Das K, Basak M, Mahata T, Stewart A, Maity B, Das P. Self-assembled dipeptide based fluorescent nanoparticles as a platform for developing cellular imaging probes and targeted drug delivery chaperones. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1694-1706. [PMID: 36134376 PMCID: PMC9417502 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide-based nanostructures, comprised of naturally occurring amino acids, display excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexible responsiveness, and synthetic feasibility and can be customized for various biomedical applications. However, the lack of inherent optical properties of peptide-based nanoparticles is a limitation on their use as imaging probes or drug delivery vehicles. To overcome this impediment, we generated Boc protected tyrosine-tryptophan dipeptide-based nanoparticles (DPNPs) with structure rigidification by Zn(ii), which shifted the peptide's intrinsic fluorescent properties from the ultraviolet to the visible range. These DPNPs are photostable, biocompatible and have visible fluorescence signals that allow for real-time monitoring of their entry into cells. We further show that two DPNPs (PS1-Zn and PS2-Zn) can encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and facilitate intracellular drug delivery resulting in cancer cell killing actions comparable to the unencapsulated drug. Finally, we chemically modified our DPNPs with an aptamer directed toward the epithelial cell surface marker EPCAM, which improved Dox delivery to the lung cancer epithelial cell line A549. In contrast, the aptamer conjugated DPNPs failed to deliver Dox into the cardiomyocyte cell line AC16. Theoretically, this strategy could be employed in vivo to specifically deliver Dox to cancer cells while sparing the myocardium, a major source of dose-limiting adverse events in the clinic. Our work represents an important proof-of-concept exercise demonstrating that ultra-short peptide-based fluorescent nanostructures have great promise for the development of new imaging probes and targeted drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniyam Sivagnanam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Madhuri Basak
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI) Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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