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Onyancha RB, Ukhurebor KE, Aigbe UO, Mogire NB, Chanzu I, Kitoto VA, Kusuma HS, Darmokoesoemo H. A review of the capabilities of carbon dots for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer-related diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang W, Ji Z, Zeng Z, Jayapalan A, Bagra B, Sheardy A, He P, LaJeunesse DR, Wei J. Dark-Field Microscopic Study of Cellular Uptake of Carbon Nanodots: Nuclear Penetrability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082437. [PMID: 35458634 PMCID: PMC9032144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are fascinating candidates for the field of biomedicine, in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. However, the nuclear penetrability and process are rarely studied and lack understanding, which limits their applications for drug carriers, single-molecule detection and live cell imaging. In this study, we attempt to examine the uptake of CNDs in cells with a focus on the potential nuclear penetrability using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) associated with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to quantitatively determine the light scattering signals of CNDs in the cells. The effects of both CND incubation time and concentration are investigated, and plausible nuclear penetration involving the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is discussed. The experimental results and an analytical model demonstrate that the CNDs’ uptake proceeds by a concentration-dependent three-stage behavior and saturates at a CND incubation concentration larger than 750 µg/mL, with a half-saturated concentration of 479 μg/mL. These findings would potentially help the development of CNDs’ utilization in drug carriers, live cell imaging and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Anitha Jayapalan
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Bhawna Bagra
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Alex Sheardy
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Dennis R. LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-2859
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