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Harley-Troxell ME, Dhar M. Assembling Spheroids of Rat Primary Neurons Using a Stress-Free 3D Culture System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13506. [PMID: 37686310 PMCID: PMC10488062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural injuries disrupt the normal functions of the nervous system, whose complexities limit current treatment options. Because of their enhanced therapeutic effects, neurospheres have the potential to advance the field of regenerative medicine and neural tissue engineering. Methodological steps can pose challenges for implementing neurosphere assemblies; for example, conventional static cultures hinder yield and throughput, while the presence of the necrotic core, time-consuming methodology, and high variability can slow their progression to clinical application. Here we demonstrate the optimization of primary neural cell-derived neurospheres, developed using a high-throughput, stress-free, 3D bioreactor. This process provides a necessary baseline for future studies that could develop co-cultured assemblies of stem cells combined with endothelial cells, and/or biomaterials and nanomaterials for clinical therapeutic use. Neurosphere size and neurite spreading were evaluated under various conditions using Image J software. Primary neural cells obtained from the hippocampi of three-day-old rat pups, when incubated for 24 h in a reactor coated with 2% Pluronic and seeded on Poly-D-Lysine-coated plates establish neurospheres suitable for therapeutic use within five days. Most notably, neurospheres maintained high cell viability of ≥84% and expressed the neural marker MAP2, neural marker β-Tubulin III, and glial marker GFAP at all time points when evaluated over seven days. Establishing these factors reduces the variability in developing neurospheres, while increasing the ease and output of the culture process and maintaining viable cellular constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
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2
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Newby SD, Forsynth C, Bow AJ, Bourdo SE, Hung M, Cheever J, Moffat R, Gross AJ, Licari FW, Dhar MS. Xenogenic Implantation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using a Novel 3D-Printed Scaffold of PLGA and Graphene Leads to a Significant Increase in Bone Mineralization in a Rat Segmental Femoral Bone Defect. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1149. [PMID: 37049243 PMCID: PMC10097331 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineering technologies have the potential to provide an effective approach to bone regeneration. Based on the published literature and data from our laboratory, two biomaterial inks containing PLGA and blended with graphene nanoparticles were fabricated. The biomaterial inks consisted of two forms of commercially available PLGA with varying ratios of LA:GA (65:35 and 75:25) and molecular weights of 30,000-107,000. Each of these forms of PLGA was blended with a form containing a 50:50 ratio of LA:GA, resulting in ratios of 50:65 and 50:75, which were subsequently mixed with a 0.05 wt% low-oxygen-functionalized derivative of graphene. Scanning electron microscopy showed interconnected pores in the lattice structures of each scaffold. The cytocompatibility of human ADMSCs transduced with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) was evaluated in vitro. The in vivo biocompatibility and the potential to repair bones were evaluated in a critically sized 5 mm mechanical load-bearing segmental femur defect model in rats. Bone repair was monitored by radiological, histological, and microcomputed tomography methods. The results showed that all of the constructs were biocompatible and did not exhibit any adverse effects. The constructs containing PLGA (50:75)/graphene alone and with hADMSCs demonstrated a significant increase in mineralized tissues within 60 days post-treatment. The percentage of bone volume to total volume from microCT analyses in the rats treated with the PLGA + cells construct showed a 50% new tissue formation, which matched that of a phantom. The microCT results were supported by Von Kossa staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Newby
- Large Animal Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Chris Forsynth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Austin J. Bow
- Large Animal Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn E. Bourdo
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnologies, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Operations, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Joseph Cheever
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Ryan Moffat
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Andrew J. Gross
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Frank W. Licari
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Madhu S. Dhar
- Large Animal Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Effects on Tissue Integration of Collagen Scaffolds Used for Local Delivery of Gentamicin in a Rat Mandible Defect Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070275. [PMID: 35877326 PMCID: PMC9312234 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication following orthopedic surgery. SSIs may occur secondary to traumatic or contaminated wounds or may result from invasive procedures. The development of biofilms is often associated with implanted materials used to stabilize injuries and to facilitate healing. Regardless of the source, SSIs can be challenging to treat. This has led to the development of devices that act simultaneously as local antibiotic delivery vehicles and as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. The goal for the aforementioned devices is to increase local drug concentration in order to enhance bactericidal activity while reducing the risk of systemic side effects and toxicity from the administered drug. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of antibiotic loading of a collagen matrix on the tissue integration of the matrix using a rat mandibular defect model. We hypothesized that the collagen matrix could load and elute gentamicin, that the collagen matrix would be cytocompatible in vitro, and that the local delivery of a high dose of gentamicin via loaded collagen matrix would negatively impact the tissue–scaffold interface. The results indicate that the collagen matrix could load and elute the antimicrobial gentamicin and that it was cytocompatible in vitro with or without the presence of gentamicin and found no significant impact on the tissue–scaffold interface when the device was loaded with a high dose of gentamicin.
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Bow AJ, Masi TJ, Dhar MS. Etched 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Constructs Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Attachment of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2146. [PMID: 34959426 PMCID: PMC8704510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A core challenge in the field of tissue engineering is the ability to establish pipeline workflows for the design and characterization of scaffold technologies with clinically translatable attributes. The parallel development of biomaterials and stem cell populations represents a self-sufficient and streamlined approach for establishing such a pipeline. In the current study, rat dental pulp stem cell (rDPSC) populations were established to assess functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL) constructs. Initial optimization and characterization of rDPSC extraction and culture conditions confirmed that cell populations were readily expandable and demonstrated surface markers associated with multi-potency. Subset populations were transduced to express DsRed fluorescent protein as a mechanism of tracking both cells and cell-derived extracellular matrix content on complex scaffold architecture. Thermoplastic constructs included reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an additive to promote cellular attachment and were further modified by surface etching a weak acetic acid solution to roughen surface topographical features, which was observed to dramatically improve cell surface coverage in vitro. Based on these data, the modified rGO-functionalized PCL constructs represent a versatile platform for bone tissue engineering, capable of being applied as a standalone matrix or in conjunction with bio-active payloads such as DPSCs or other bio-inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37931, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Masi
- School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA;
| | - Madhu S. Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37931, USA;
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Grzeskowiak RM, Alghazali KM, Hecht S, Donnell RL, Doherty TJ, Smith CK, Anderson DE, Biris AS, Adair HS. Influence of a novel scaffold composed of polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles on the healing of fourth metacarpal defects in mares. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1117-1127. [PMID: 33948951 PMCID: PMC8360067 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a novel scaffold, designed for use in bone regeneration, on healing of splint bone segmental defects in mares. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION Five adult mares (4-10 years old; mean weight, 437.7 kg ± 29 kg). METHODS Bilateral 2-cm full-thickness defects were created in the fourth metacarpal bones (MCIV) of each horse. Each defect was randomly assigned to either a novel scaffold treatment (n = 5) or an untreated control (n = 5). The scaffold was composed of polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles. Bone healing was assessed for a period of 60 days by thermography, ultrasonography, radiography, and computed tomography (CT). Biopsies of each defect were performed 60 days after surgery for histological evaluation. RESULTS On the basis of radiographic analysis, scaffold-treated defects had greater filling (67.42% ± 26.7%) compared with untreated defects (35.88% ± 32.7%; P = .006). After 60 days, CT revealed that the density of the defects treated with the scaffolds (807.80 ± 129.6 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than density of the untreated defects (464.80 ± 81.3 HU; P = .004). Evaluation of histology slides provided evidence of bone formation within an average of 9.43% ± 3.7% of the cross-sectional area of scaffolds in contrast to unfilled defects in which connective tissue was predominant throughout the biopsy specimens. CONCLUSION The novel scaffold was biocompatible and supported bone formation within the MCIV segmental defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This novel scaffold offers an effective option for filling bone voids in horses when support of bone healing is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz M. Grzeskowiak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Karrer M. Alghazali
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology SciencesUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Robert L. Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Thomas J. Doherty
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Christopher K. Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - David E. Anderson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology SciencesUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Henry S. Adair
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesThe University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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Newby SD, Masi T, Griffin CD, King WJ, Chipman A, Stephenson S, Anderson DE, Biris AS, Bourdo SE, Dhar M. Functionalized Graphene Nanoparticles Induce Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Express Distinct Extracellular Matrix Proteins Mediating Osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2501-2513. [PMID: 32368037 PMCID: PMC7171876 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s245801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The extracellular matrix (ECM) labyrinthine network secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provides a microenvironment that enhances cell adherence, proliferation, viability, and differentiation. The potential of graphene-based nanomaterials to mimic a tissue-specific ECM has been recognized in designing bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the expression of specific ECM proteins when human fat-derived adult MSCs adhered and underwent osteogenic differentiation in the presence of functionalized graphene nanoparticles. METHODS Graphene nanoparticles with 6-10% oxygen content were prepared and characterized by XPS, FTIR, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. Calcein-am and crystal violet staining were performed to evaluate viability and proliferation of human fat-derived MSCs on graphene nanoparticles. Alizarin red staining and quantitation were used to determine the effect of graphene nanoparticles on osteogenic differentiation. Finally, immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the expression of ECM proteins during cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Our data show that in the presence of graphene, MSCs express specific integrin heterodimers and exhibit a distinct pattern of the corresponding bone-specific ECM proteins, primarily fibronectin, collagen I and vitronectin. Furthermore, MSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation spontaneously without any chemical induction, suggesting that the physicochemical properties of graphene nanoparticles might trigger the expression of bone-specific ECM. CONCLUSION Understanding the cell-graphene interactions resulting in an osteogenic niche for MSCs will significantly improve the application of graphene nanoparticles in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Newby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Tom Masi
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Christopher D Griffin
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR72204, USA
| | - William J King
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR72204, USA
| | - Anna Chipman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Stacy Stephenson
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR72204, USA
| | - Shawn E Bourdo
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR72204, USA
| | - Madhu Dhar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996, USA
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Zhao X, Li X, Xie X, Lei J, Ge L, Yuan L, Li D, Mu C. Controlling the Pore Structure of Collagen Sponge by Adjusting the Cross-Linking Degree for Construction of Heterogeneous Double-Layer Bone Barrier Membranes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2058-2067. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lun Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Bow A, Jackson B, Griffin C, Howard S, Castro H, Campagna S, Biris AS, Anderson DE, Bourdo S, Dhar M. Multiomics Evaluation of Human Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on an Osteobiologic Nanocomposite. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:37-50. [PMID: 32117598 PMCID: PMC7047255 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective graft technologies for bone repair have been a primary focus in the field of bone tissue engineering. We have previously fabricated and examined a nanocomposite composed of polyurethane, nano-hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles, which demonstrated osteobiologic characteristics. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of this biomaterial, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeded scaffolds were assessed using a combinatorial approach of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Data from osteogenic and signal transduction polymerase chain reaction arrays and small molecule abundances, measured through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were cross-examined using Integrated Molecular Pathway Level Analysis, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and ConsensusPathDB online tools to generate a fundamental collection of scaffold-influenced pathways. Results demonstrated upregulation of key osteogenic, cellular adhesion cell signaling markers and indicated that Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways were primary candidates for the osteobiologic mechanisms of the scaffold design. The detection of complimentary metabolites, such as ascorbate, further indicates that scaffolds generate intricate cellular environments, promoting cell attachment and subsequent osteodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Bailey Jackson
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christopher Griffin
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sara Howard
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core and the Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Hector Castro
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core and the Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn Campagna
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core and the Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - David E. Anderson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn Bourdo
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Wofford A, Bow A, Newby S, Brooks S, Rodriguez R, Masi T, Stephenson S, Gotcher J, Anderson DE, Campbell J, Dhar M. Human Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Xenogenically Implanted in a Rat Model Show Enhanced New Bone Formation in Maxillary Alveolar Tooth Defects. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8142938. [PMID: 32399052 PMCID: PMC7201503 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8142938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to restorative concerns, bone regenerative therapies have garnered much attention in the field of human oral/maxillofacial surgery. Current treatments using autologous and allogenic bone grafts suffer from inherent challenges, hence the ideal bone replacement therapy is yet to be found. Establishing a model by which MSCs can be placed in a clinically acceptable bone defect to promote bone healing will prove valuable to oral/maxillofacial surgeons. METHODS Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were seeded onto Gelfoam® and their viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, the construct was implanted in a rat maxillary alveolar bone defect to assess in vivo bone healing and regeneration. RESULTS Human MSCs were adhered, proliferated, and uniformly distributed, and underwent osteogenic differentiation on Gelfoam®, comparable with the tissue culture surface. Data confirmed that Gelfoam® could be used as a scaffold for cell attachment and a delivery vehicle to implant MSCs in vivo. Histomorphometric analyses of bones harvested from rats treated with hMSCs showed statistically significant increase in collagen/early bone formation, with cells positive for osteogenic and angiogenic markers in the defect site. This pattern was visible as early as 4 weeks post treatment. CONCLUSIONS Xenogenically implanted human MSCs have the potential to heal an alveolar tooth defect in rats. Gelfoam®, a commonly used clinical biomaterial, can serve as a scaffold to deliver and maintain MSCs to the defect site. Translating this strategy to preclinical animal models provides hope for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wofford
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Austin Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Steven Newby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Seth Brooks
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Rachel Rodriguez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tom Masi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Stacy Stephenson
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Jack Gotcher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - David E. Anderson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Josh Campbell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Chen R, Li T, Ma P, Zhang H, Du M, Chen M, Dong W. Antimicrobial Waterborne Polyurethanes Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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Bow A, Anderson DE, Dhar M. Commercially available bone graft substitutes: the impact of origin and processing on graft functionality. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:533-544. [PMID: 31577468 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1671860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective and cost-efficient bone tissue engineering grafts has been the key area of research for regenerative medicine, yet an ideal grafting material has remained elusive due in large part to the highly dynamic nature of bone. A wide array of materials, both natural and synthetic, have been implemented as potential candidates for commercially available products, yet the gold standard for grafting material still remains autogenous bone. We review currently commercially available bone graft materials and relevant graft characteristics that impact the effectiveness of tissue repair, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of materials based on composition and origin. Examined materials were selected through a web-based search for readily accessible and clinically applicable graft materials. Grafts were then categorized according to material source to examine advantages and disadvantages associated with allogenic, xenogeneic, synthetic materials. Lastly, the application of bioactive molecules onto these basal grafts is explored to illustrate the enhancement and regulative capacity of these additives on traditional osteobiologic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Bow
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Madhu Dhar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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