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Tchinda A, Didelot A, Choquet P, Lerebours A, Kouitat-Njiwa R, Bravetti P. Innovative Bioactive Ca-SZ Coating on Titanium Dental Implants: A Multidimensional Structural and Elemental Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:155. [PMID: 38921529 PMCID: PMC11205193 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel approach to improving dental implants. Although endosseous TA6V alloy dental implants are widely used in oral implantology, this material presents significant challenges, notably the prevalence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, in this study, we investigate a new advance in the design of hybrid medical devices. This involves the design of a Ca-SZ coating deposited by PVD on a TA6V substrate. This approach aims to overcome the inherent limitations of each of these materials, namely TA6V's susceptibility to peri-implantitis on the one hand and zirconia's excessively high Young's modulus compared with bone on the other, while benefiting from their respective advantages, such as the ductility of TA6V and the excellent biocompatibility of zirconia, offering relevant prospects for the design of high-performance implantable medical devices. This study integrates characterisation techniques, focusing on the structural and elemental analysis of the Ca-SZ coating by XRD and TEM. The results suggest that this coating combines a tetragonal structure, a uniform morphology with no apparent defects, a clean interface highlighting good adhesion, and a homogeneous composition of calcium, predisposing it to optimal biocompatibility. All of these findings make this innovative coating a particularly suitable candidate for application in dental implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tchinda
- Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.)
| | - Aurélien Didelot
- Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.)
| | - Patrick Choquet
- Materials and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Augustin Lerebours
- Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.)
| | - Richard Kouitat-Njiwa
- Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.)
| | - Pierre Bravetti
- Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Jean Lamour Institute, University of Lorraine, UMR 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.)
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Bololoi AE, Geambazu LE, Antoniac IV, Bololoi RV, Manea CA, Cojocaru VD, Pătroi D. Solid-State Processing of CoCrMoNbTi High-Entropy Alloy for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6520. [PMID: 37834657 PMCID: PMC10573847 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) gained interest in the field of biomedical applications due to their unique effects and to the combination of the properties of the constituent elements. In addition to the required property of biocompatibility, other requirements include properties such as mechanical resistance, bioactivity, sterility, stability, cost effectiveness, etc. For this paper, a biocompatible high-entropy alloy, defined as bio-HEA by the literature, can be considered as an alternative to the market-available materials due to their superior properties. According to the calculation of the valence electron concentration, a majority of body-centered cubic (BCC) phases were expected, resulting in properties such as high strength and plasticity for the studied alloy, confirmed by the XRD analysis. The tetragonal (TVC) phase was also identified, indicating that the presence of face-centered cubic (FCC) phases in the alloyed materials resulted in high ductility. Microstructural and compositional analyses revealed refined and uniform metallic powder particles, with a homogeneous distribution of the elemental particles observed from the mapping analyses, indicating that alloying had occurred. The technological characterization of the high-entropy alloy-elaborated powder revealed the particle dimension reduction due to the welding and fracturing process that occurs during mechanical alloying, with a calculated average particle size of 45.12 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Elena Bololoi
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Laura Elena Geambazu
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulian Vasile Antoniac
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Robert Viorel Bololoi
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Ciprian Alexandru Manea
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vasile Dănuţ Cojocaru
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Delia Pătroi
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
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Tchinda A, Lerebours A, Kouitat-Njiwa R, Bravetti P. Zirconia Dental Implants: A Closer Look at Surface Condition and Intrinsic Composition by SEM-EDX. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1102. [PMID: 37760204 PMCID: PMC10525088 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern dental implantology is based on a set of more or less related first-order parameters, such as the implant surface and the intrinsic composition of the material. For decades, implant manufacturers have focused on the research and development of the ideal material combined with an optimal surface finish to ensure the success and durability of their product. However, brands do not always communicate transparently about the nature of the products they market. Thus, this study aims to compare the surface finishes and intrinsic composition of three zirconia implants from three major brands. To do so, cross-sections of the apical part of the implants to be analyzed were made with a micro-cutting machine. Samples of each implant of a 4 to 6 mm thickness were obtained. Each was analyzed by a tactile profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compositional measurements were performed by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The findings revealed a significant use of aluminum as a chemical substitute by manufacturers. In addition, some manufacturers do not mention the presence of this element in their implants. However, by addressing these issues and striving to improve transparency and safety standards, manufacturers have the opportunity to provide even more reliable products to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tchinda
- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, Faculty of Science, Department of Micro and Nanomechanics for Life, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 7198, 54011 Nancy, France (R.K.-N.); (P.B.)
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Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been around since 2004. The breakthroughs in this field led to several potential applications of these alloys as refractory, structural, functional, and biomedical materials. In this work, a short overview on the concept of high-entropy alloys is provided, as well as the theoretical design approach. The special focus of this review concerns one novel class of these alloys: biomedical high-entropy alloys. Here, a literature review on the potential high-entropy alloys for biomedical applications is presented. The characteristics that are required for these alloys to be used in biomedical-oriented applications, namely their mechanical and biocompatibility properties, are discussed and compared to commercially available Ti6Al4V. Different processing routes are also discussed.
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Perumal G, Grewal HS, Arora HS. Enhanced durability, bio-activity and corrosion resistance of stainless steel through severe surface deformation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111197. [PMID: 32569888 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its good biocompatibility and low cost, stainless steel is one of the most widely utilized biomaterial. However, longtime assessment of stainless steel has shown problems related to material degradation, especially localized corrosion and bio-film formation. In addition, the leaching of toxic nickel and chromium ions from stainless steel leads to additional health complications. Here, we utilized submerged friction stir processing, a severe surface deformation technique for significantly enhancing its durability, bio-activity as well as antibacterial resistance. The processing was done with a wide variation in strain rates to produce tunable surface microstructure. High strain-rate processing resulted in nearly single-phase fine-grained microstructure, while slow strain-rate processing developed a dual-phase fine-grained microstructure. The bio-corrosion rate of processed steel was reduced by more than 60 % along with significant enhancement in the pitting resistance. The processed steel showed nearly no bacterial adhesion/biofilm formation, evaluated using S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains. Further, the processed stainless steel surface demonstrated minimum leaching of the toxic elements, significantly enhancing its appeal for bio-implant applications. The observed behavior was explained based on the formation of a stable passive layer, rich in Cr2O3, as determined using x-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and increased hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perumal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - H S Grewal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - H S Arora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
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