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Azmi R, Lindgren F, Stokes-Rodriguez K, Buga M, Ungureanu C, Gouveia T, Christensen I, Pal S, Vlad A, Ladam A, Edström K, Hahlin M. An XPS Study of Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries in Full Cell LNMO vs Si/Graphite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34266-34280. [PMID: 38904375 PMCID: PMC11231978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two different types of electrolytes (co-solvent and multi-salt) are tested for use in high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4||Si/graphite full cells and compared against a carbonate-based standard LiPF6 containing electrolyte (baseline). Ex situ postmortem XPS analysis on both anodes and cathodes over the life span of the cells reveals a continuously growing SEI and CEI for the baseline electrolyte. The cells cycled in the co-solvent electrolyte exhibited a relatively thick and long-term stable CEI (on LNMO), while a slowly growing SEI was determined to form on the Si/graphite. The multi-salt electrolyte offers more inorganic-rich SEI/CEI while also forming the thinnest SEI/CEI observed in this study. Cross-talk is identified in the baseline electrolyte cell, where Si is detected on the cathode, and Mn is detected on the anode. Both the multi-salt and co-solvent electrolytes are observed to substantially reduce this cross-talk, where the co-solvent is found to be the most effective. In addition, Al corrosion is detected for the multi-salt electrolyte mainly at its end-of-life stage, where Al can be found on both the anode and cathode. Although the co-solvent electrolyte offers superior interface properties in terms of the limitation of cross-talk, the multi-salt electrolyte offers the best overall performance, suggesting that interface thickness plays a superior role compared to cross-talk. Together with their electrochemical cycling performance, the results suggest that multi-salt electrolyte provides a better long-term passivation of the electrodes for high-voltage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Azmi
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Killian Stokes-Rodriguez
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
- Department
of Sustainable Energy Technology, SINTEF
Industry, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Mihaela Buga
- ROM-EST
Laboratory, ICSI Energy Department, National
Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies
− ICSI, 4 Uzinei, Ramnicu Valcea 240050, Romania
| | - Cosmin Ungureanu
- ROM-EST
Laboratory, ICSI Energy Department, National
Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies
− ICSI, 4 Uzinei, Ramnicu Valcea 240050, Romania
- Faculty
of Energy Engineering, National University
of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania
| | - Tom Gouveia
- Research
and Innovation Department, Solvionic, Toulouse 31100, France
| | | | - Shubhadeep Pal
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alix Ladam
- Research
and Innovation Department, Solvionic, Toulouse 31100, France
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Box
516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wu XW, Karuppiah C, Wu YS, Zhang BR, Hsu LF, Shih JY, James Li YJ, Hung TF, Kannan Ramaraj S, Jose R, Yang CC. Unveiling high-power and high-safety lithium-ion battery separator based on interlayer of ZIF-67/cellulose nanofiber with electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/melamine nonwoven membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:699-713. [PMID: 38141392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the poor thermal stability of conventional separators, lithium-ion batteries require a suitable separator to maintain system safety for long-term cycling performance. It must have high porosity, superior electrolyte uptake ability, and good ion-conducting properties even at high temperatures. In this work, we demonstrate a novel composite membrane based on sandwiching of zeolitic imidazole frameworks-67 decorated cellulose acetate nanofibers (ZIF-67@CA) with electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/melamine (denoted as PVAM) nonwoven membranes. The as-prepared sandwich-type membranes are called PVAM/x%ZIF-67@CA/PVAM. The middle layer of composite membranes is primarily filled with different weight percentages of ZIF-67 nanoparticles (x = 5, 15, and 25 wt%), which both reduces the non-uniform porous structure of CA and increases its thermal stability. Therefore, our sandwich-type PVAM/x%ZIF-67@CA/PVAM membrane exhibits a higher thermal shrinkage effect at 200 °C than the commercial polyethylene (PE) separator. Due to its high electrolyte uptake (646.8%) and porosity (85.2%), PVAM/15%ZIF-67@CA/PVAM membrane achieved high ionic conductivity of 1.46 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 70 °C, as compared to the commercial PE separator (ca. 6.01 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 70 °C). Besides, the cell with PVAM/15%ZIF-67@CA/PVAM membrane shows an excellent discharge capacity of about 167.5 mAh g-1after 100 cycles at a 1C rate with a capacity retention of 90.3%. The ZIF-67 fillers in our sandwich-type composite membrane strongly attract anions (PF6-) through Lewis' acid-base interaction, allowing uniform Li+ ion transport and suppressing Li dendrites. As a result, we found that the PVAM/15%ZIF-67@CA/PVAM composite nonwoven membrane is applicable to high-power, high-safety lithium-ion battery systems that can be used in electric vehicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wu
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chelladurai Karuppiah
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wu
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Rong Zhang
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Fan Hsu
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Ywan Shih
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Jeng James Li
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Feng Hung
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Jose
- Center for Advanced Intelligent Materials & Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Chen Yang
- Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kiriy N, Özenler S, Voigt P, Kobsch O, Meier-Haack J, Arnhold K, Janke A, Muza UL, Geisler M, Lederer A, Pospiech D, Kiriy A, Voit B. Optimizing the Ion Conductivity and Mechanical Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Designed for Use in Lithium Ion Batteries: Combining Imidazolium-Containing Poly(ionic liquids) and Poly(propylene carbonate). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1595. [PMID: 38338873 PMCID: PMC10855450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art Li batteries suffer from serious safety hazards caused by the reactivity of lithium and the flammable nature of liquid electrolytes. This work develops highly efficient solid-state electrolytes consisting of imidazolium-containing polyionic liquids (PILs) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). By employing PIL/LiTFSI electrolyte membranes blended with poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), we addressed the problem of combining ionic conductivity and mechanical properties in one material. It was found that PPC acts as a mechanically reinforcing component that does not reduce but even enhances the ionic conductivity. While pure PILs are liquids, the tricomponent PPC/PIL/LiTFSI blends are rubber-like materials with a Young's modulus in the range of 100 MPa. The high mechanical strength of the material enables fabrication of mechanically robust free-standing membranes. The tricomponent PPC/PIL/LiTFSI membranes have an ionic conductivity of 10-6 S·cm-1 at room temperature, exhibiting conductivity that is two orders of magnitude greater than bicomponent PPC/LiTFSI membranes. At 60 °C, the conductivity of PPC/PIL/LiTFSI membranes increases to 10-5 S·cm-1 and further increases to 10-3 S·cm-1 in the presence of plasticizers. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal good electrochemical stability of the tricomponent PIL/PPC/LiTFSI membrane that potentially ranges from 0 to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The mechanically reinforced membranes developed in this work are promising electrolytes for potential applications in solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Kiriy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sezer Özenler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Voigt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Kobsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Meier-Haack
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Arnhold
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Janke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Upenyu L. Muza
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Geisler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa
| | - Doris Pospiech
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anton Kiriy
- beeOLED GmbH, Niedersedlitzer Strasse 75c, 01257 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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