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Chen J, Xu J, Kong L, Shi S, Xu J, Gao S, Zhang X, Li L. Self-powered SnS x/TiO 2 photodetectors (PDs) with dual-band binary response and the applications in imaging and light-encrypted logic gates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:336-344. [PMID: 38412719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the design and fabrication of self-powered binary response PDs based on II-type heterostructures consisting of SnSx nanoflakes (NFs) and rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRs). The TiO2 NRs effectively block light with wavelengths below 400 nm from reaching SnSx. Under 385 nm light, the photoelectrons in TiO2 recombine with holes in SnSx at the interface due to the energy band bending, resulting in a positive photocurrent. Under 410 nm light, the photoelectrons in SnSx and the photogenerated holes in TiO2 accumulate at the interface, overcoming the interfacial potential barriers induced by the higher Fermi levels of SnSx and inducing a negative photocurrent. Based on the bipolar response, the dual-band imaging capability without external filters and the light-encrypted OR, AND, and NOT logic gates using a single device are demonstrated. This work provides a blueprint for the development of multifunctional self-powered PDs that can simplify system architecture, reduce the energy consumption, and improve accuracy for applications, such as visual systems, light-controlled logic circuits, and encrypted optical communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Intelligent Photonics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Lina Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Shaobo Shi
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jianghua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Songyao Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Intelligent Photonics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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2
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Ibrahem MA, Verrelli E, Adawi AM, Bouillard JSG, O’Neill M. Plasmons Enhancing Sub-Bandgap Photoconductivity in TiO 2 Nanoparticles Film. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10169-10176. [PMID: 38463264 PMCID: PMC10918839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The coupling between sub-bandgap defect states and surface plasmon resonances in Au nanoparticles and its effects on the photoconductivity performance of TiO2 are investigated in both the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum. Incorporating a 2 nm gold nanoparticle layer in the photodetector device architecture creates additional trapping pathways, resulting in a faster current decay under UV illumination and a significant enhancement in the visible photocurrent of TiO2, with an 8-fold enhancement of the defects-related photocurrent. We show that hot electron injection (HEI) and plasmonic resonance energy transfer (PRET) jointly contribute to the observed photoconductivity enhancement. In addition to shedding light on the below-band-edge photoconductivity of TiO2, our work provides insight into new methods to probe and examine the surface defects of metal oxide semiconductors using plasmonic resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Ibrahem
- Laser
Sciences and Technology Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Al-Sinaa Street, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology
Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Emanuele Verrelli
- Department
of Physics and Mathematics, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United
Kingdom
| | - Ali M. Adawi
- Department
of Physics and Mathematics, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United
Kingdom
| | - Jean-Sebastien G. Bouillard
- Department
of Physics and Mathematics, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United
Kingdom
| | - Mary O’Neill
- School
of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent
University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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3
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Cheng W, Wu S, Lu J, Li G, Li S, Tian W, Li L. Self-Powered Wide-Narrow Bandgap-Laminated Perovskite Photodetector with Bipolar Photoresponse for Secure Optical Communication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307534. [PMID: 38010259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photodetectors with bipolar photoresponse characteristics are expected to be applied in the field of secure optical communication (SOC). However, how to realize the perovskite photodetector with bipolar response remains challenging. Herein, by introducing bismuth iodide (BiI3 ) into Sn-Pb mixed perovskite precursor solution, 2D perovskite FA3 Bi2 I9 is spontaneously formed at the bottom to realize a wide-narrow bandgap-laminated perovskite film. Wavelength-dependent bipolar response is realized based on the absorption difference of the photoactive region with different bandgap combined with the carrier competition of the homotypic transport layer adopted in the as-fabricated photodetector. Under the visible/near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the bottom/top of the film generates a higher carrier concentration, where electrons are easier to be separated and transported by the SnO2 /PC61 BM to the bottom/top electrodes, respectively, resulting in a negative and positive bipolar response. Finally, based on positive NIR signal as the effective signal and negative visible signal as the interference signal, the SOC system is realized, where the positive NIR signal is well hidden by the negative visible signal. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for fabrication of laminated perovskite films to achieve bipolar response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoyi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shenghong Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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4
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Lin X, Wan L, Chen Z, Ren J, Lin S, Yuan D, Sun W, Peng B. Dual-coupling effect enables a high-performance self-powered UV photodetector. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4627-4638. [PMID: 38297659 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors generally operate by utilizing the built-in electric field within heterojunctions or Schottky junctions. However, the effectiveness of self-powered detection is severely limited by the weak built-in electric field. Hence, advances in modulating the built-in electric field within heterojunctions are crucial for performance breakthroughs. Here, we suggest a method to enhance the built-in electric field by taking advantage of the dual-coupling effect between heterojunction and the self-polarization field of ferroelectrics. Under zero bias, the fabricated AgNWs/TiO2/PZT/GaN device achieves a responsivity of 184.31 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 1.7 × 1013 Jones, with an on/off ratio of 8.2 × 106 and rise/decay times reaching 0.16 ms/0.98 ms, respectively. The outstanding properties are primarily attributed to the substantial self-polarization of PZT induced by the p-GaN and the subsequent enhancement of the built-in electric field of the TiO2/PZT heterojunction. Under UV illumination, the dual coupling of the enhanced heterojunction and the self-polarizing field synergistically boost the photo-generated carrier separation and transport, leading to breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based self-powered photodetectors.
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5
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Yu P, Wang W, Zheng T, Wan X, Jiang Y. Pyro-Phototronic Effect-Enhanced Photocurrent of a Self-Powered Photodetector Based on ZnO Nanofiber Arrays/BaTiO 3 Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46031-46040. [PMID: 37733942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered photodetectors (PD) based on ferroelectric materials have gained huge attention because of the spontaneous polarization and unique photovoltaic effect. However, the low photocurrent values and switch ratio of the ferroelectric materials limit their further practical applications in a wide temperature range. In this study, the self-powered ZnO nanofiber array/BaTiO3 (ZnO-NFA/BTO) PD was fabricated by high-ordered ZnO-NFA via electrospinning method deposited on a 300 nm BTO film synthesized using sol-gel method. The electrospinning can prepare ZnO-NFAs with a controllable diameter (100 nm) and orientation and is directly deposited on the quartz at a large scale, which simplifies the fabrication process. This device possesses a greater on/off ratio of 2357 at zero bias than that of BTO PD (3.33) and the ZnO-NFA PD (125) at 0.2 V. The highest responsivity and specific detectivity are 1.41 mA W-1 and 1.48 × 109 Jones at 368 nm under 0 V bias, respectively, which is enhanced about three magnitudes than the pristine BTO PD (1.21 μA W-1 and 1.02 × 109 Jones). The photocurrent of the ZnO-NFA/BTO PD strongly depends on the temperature. After the cooling system and prepolarization processing are both introduced, the largest light current (475 nA) and photovoltaic plateaus (585 nA) are enhanced by about 4417 and 4278% under 368 nm at a power intensity of 4.46 mW cm-2 at 0 °C, respectively. The enhancement of photocurrent is associated with a ferro-pyro-phototronic effect, evidenced by enhanced ferroelectric polarization. The ZnO-NFA/BTO PD can detect weak signals at low power intensity with a wide temperature range of 0-100 °C under 0 V bias. The self-powered ZnO-NFA/BTO PD provides a new and promising way to fabricate high-performance and low-cost photodetectors from inorganic perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxu Zheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Wan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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6
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Alaya Y, Souissi R, Toumi M, Madani M, El Mir L, Bouguila N, Alaya S. Annealing effect on the physical properties of TiO 2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21852-21860. [PMID: 37475757 PMCID: PMC10354590 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at 350 °C using the spray pyrolysis technique. As deposited and annealed thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and photodetection. Unlike the as deposited samples which were amorphous, annealed samples show an anatase phase. Films were absorbent in the UV region and the band gap energy decreases from 3.78 eV to 3.4 eV with annealing. The photoresponse of TiO2 photodetectors was recorded under UV (λ1 = 365 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) and visible light illumination by reversible switching (ON/OFF) cycles using DC electrical characterization. Photosensitive properties such as reproducible photosensitivity, responsivity, and detectivity were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alaya
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - R Souissi
- Carthage University, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Molécules et Applications IPEST BP 51, La Marsa 2070, Tunis Tunisia
| | - M Toumi
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - M Madani
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - L El Mir
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - N Bouguila
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - S Alaya
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
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7
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Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea.,Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
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8
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Wang D, Wu W, Fang S, Kang Y, Wang X, Hu W, Yu H, Zhang H, Liu X, Luo Y, He JH, Fu L, Long S, Liu S, Sun H. Observation of polarity-switchable photoconductivity in III-nitride/MoS x core-shell nanowires. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:227. [PMID: 35853856 PMCID: PMC9296537 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
III-V semiconductor nanowires are indispensable building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, solely relying on their intrinsic physical and material properties sometimes limits device functionalities to meet the increasing demands in versatile and complex electronic world. By leveraging the distinctive nature of the one-dimensional geometry and large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanowires, new properties can be attained through monolithic integration of conventional nanowires with other easy-synthesized functional materials. Herein, we combine high-crystal-quality III-nitride nanowires with amorphous molybdenum sulfides (a-MoSx) to construct III-nitride/a-MoSx core-shell nanostructures. Upon light illumination, such nanostructures exhibit striking spectrally distinctive photodetection characteristic in photoelectrochemical environment, demonstrating a negative photoresponsivity of -100.42 mA W-1 under 254 nm illumination, and a positive photoresponsivity of 29.5 mA W-1 under 365 nm illumination. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the successful surface modification of the nanowires via a-MoSx decoration accelerates the reaction process at the electrolyte/nanowire interface, leading to the generation of opposite photocurrent signals under different photon illumination. Most importantly, such polarity-switchable photoconductivity can be further tuned for multiple wavelength bands photodetection by simply adjusting the surrounding environment and/or tailoring the nanowire composition, showing great promise to build light-wavelength controllable sensing devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhao Wang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Wentiao Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Shi Fang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Yang Kang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
| | - Huabin Yu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Yuanmin Luo
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Lan Fu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shibing Long
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Haiding Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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9
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Li Z, Li Z, Zuo C, Fang X. Application of Nanostructured TiO 2 in UV Photodetectors: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109083. [PMID: 35061927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a wide-bandgap semiconductor material, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), which possesses three crystal polymorphs (i.e., rutile, anatase, and brookite), has gained tremendous attention as a cutting-edge material for application in the environment and energy fields. Based on the strong attractiveness from its advantages such as high stability, excellent photoelectric properties, and low-cost fabrication, the construction of high-performance photodetectors (PDs) based on TiO2 nanostructures is being extensively developed. An elaborate microtopography and device configuration is the most widely used strategy to achieve efficient TiO2 -based PDs with high photoelectric performances; however, a deep understanding of all the key parameters that influence the behavior of photon-generated carriers, is also highly required to achieve improved photoelectric performances, as well as their ultimate functional applications. Herein, an in-depth illustration of the electrical and optical properties of TiO2 nanostructures in addition to the advances in the technological issues such as preparation, microdefects, p-type doping, bandgap engineering, heterojunctions, and functional applications are presented. Finally, a future outlook for TiO2 -based PDs, particularly that of further functional applications is provided. This work will systematically illustrate the fundamentals of TiO2 and shed light on the preparation of more efficient TiO2 nanostructures and heterojunctions for future photoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chaolei Zuo
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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10
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Yan T, Cai S, Hu Z, Li Z, Fang X. Ultrafast Speed, Dark Current Suppression, and Self-Powered Enhancement in TiO 2-Based Ultraviolet Photodetectors by Organic Layers and Ag Nanowires Regulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9912-9918. [PMID: 34612650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-based photodetectors (PDs) have been hotspots in recent years for their excellent thermal stabilities and optoelectronic performance under ultraviolet (UV) light. However, the high dark current caused by defects in TiO2 films has limited the detectivity (D) of these PDs. Here, the dark current of a TiO2-based PD was effectively reduced by 3 magnitudes (from 0.1 mA to 20 nA) and D was increased to 1.2 × 1014 Jones by introducing PC71BM. The TiO2/PC71BM heterojunction also made the PD self-powered, and by further introducing an interface layer of PEDOT:PSS and finely optimizing the electrode Ag nanowires (Ag NWs), the self-powered responsivity (R) was increased to 33 mA/W. Ultrafast rise/decay times (129 ns/1 ms at -1 V and 0.06 s/<1 μs at 0 V) were achieved. This work successfully applied an organic-inorganic heterojunction, an organic interface, and Ag NWs to suppress the dark current and enhance the self-powered photocurrent/R of inorganic PDs, providing a feasible strategy in high-performance UV PDs' design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Sa Cai
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Hu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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11
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Rathore S, Patel DK, Thakur MK, Haider G, Kalbac M, Kruskopf M, Liu CI, Rigosi AF, Elmquist RE, Liang CT, Hong PD. Highly sensitive broadband binary photoresponse in gateless epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC. CARBON 2021; 184:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.07.098. [PMID: 37200678 PMCID: PMC10190169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to weak light-matter interaction, standard chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/exfoliated single-layer graphene-based photodetectors show low photoresponsivity (on the order of mA/W). However, epitaxial graphene (EG) offers a more viable approach for obtaining devices with good photoresponsivity. EG on 4H-SiC also hosts an interfacial buffer layer (IBL), which is the source of electron carriers applicable to quantum optoelectronic devices. We utilize these properties to demonstrate a gate-free, planar EG/4H-SiC-based device that enables us to observe the positive photoresponse for (405-532) nm and negative photoresponse for (632-980) nm laser excitation. The broadband binary photoresponse mainly originates from the energy band alignment of the IBL/EG interface and the highly sensitive work function of the EG. We find that the photoresponsivity of the device is > 10 A/W under 405 nm of power density 7.96 mW/cm2 at 1 V applied bias, which is three orders of magnitude greater than the obtained values of CVD/exfoliated graphene and higher than the required value for practical applications. These results path the way for selective light-triggered logic devices based on EG and can open a new window for broadband photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Rathore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, 20899, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar Thakur
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Golam Haider
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. (G. Haider)
| | - Martin Kalbac
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mattias Kruskopf
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chieh-I Liu
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Albert F. Rigosi
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, 20899, USA
| | - Randolph E. Elmquist
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, 20899, USA
| | - Chi-Te Liang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. (C.-T. Liang)
| | - Po-Da Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. (P.-D. Hong)
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Chaudhary V, Pandey RK, Prakash R, Kumar N, Singh AK. Unfolding photophysical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-MoS 2organic-inorganic hybrid materials: an application to self-powered photodetectors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:385201. [PMID: 34082410 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac07d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered photodetectors have grown as inevitable members of the optoelectronic device family. However, it is still challenging to achieve self-powered photodetection with good responsivity in the visible spectrum region. Herein, we report solution-processable poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) organic-inorganic hybrid material, which can be used as the active layer in self-powered photodetectors. The morphological and structural properties of the synthesized P3HT-MoS2hybrid material has been discussed using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The hybrid material loaded with 1 wt% MoS2has shown an enhancement in the self-assembly of polymer in the form of fibrillar formation and excellent structural features in terms ofπ-conjugation. The self-powered photodetectors have been fabricated in indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass/P3HT-MoS2/Al configuration. The merit of P3HT-MoS2hybrid photodetectors is measured under the illumination of 470, 530, and 627 nm light in ambient conditions. P3HT-MoS2photodetectors show significantly higher responsivity and detectivity. The photo responsivity and detectivity in P3HT-MoS2devices are found to be 271.2 mA W-1and 4.4 × 1010jones at zero bias, respectively, for 470 nm light with the optical power density of 74.1μW cm-2. Furthermore, the photocurrent switching behaviour at periodic illuminations of 1 Hz has also been examined for P3HT-MoS2self-powered photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Pandey
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009 (C.G.), India
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Kumar M, Park JY, Seo H. High-Performance and Self-Powered Alternating Current Ultraviolet Photodetector for Digital Communication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12241-12249. [PMID: 33683094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors offer great potential in the field of optical communication, smart security, space exploration, and others; however, achieving high sensitivity with maintaining fast response speed has remained a daunting challenge. Here, we develop a titanium dioxide-based self-powered ultraviolet photodetector with high detectivity (≈1.8 × 1010 jones) and a good photoresponsivity of 0.32 mA W-1 under pulsed illumination (λ = 365 nm, 4 mW cm-2), which demonstrate an enhancement of 114 and 2017%, respectively, due to the alternating current photovoltaic effect compared to the conventional direct current photovoltaic effect. Further, the photodetector demonstrated a high on/off ratio (≈103), an ultrafast rise/decay time of 112/63 μs, and a noise equivalent power of 5.01 × 10-11 W/Hz1/2 under self-biased conditions. Photoconductive atomic force microscopy revealed the nanoscale charge transport and offered the possibility to scale down the device size to a sub-10-nanometer (∼35 nm). Moreover, as one of the practical applications, the device was successfully utilized to interpret the digital codes. The presented results enlighten a new path to design energy-efficient ultrafast photodetectors not only for the application of optical communication but also for other advanced optoelectronic applications such as digital display, sensing, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Ezhilmaran B, Dhanasekar M, Bhat SV. Solution processed transparent anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles/MoO 3 nanostructures heterojunction: high performance self-powered UV detector for low-power and low-light applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1047-1056. [PMID: 36133282 PMCID: PMC9419760 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are considered as the major players in energy saving technology of the future. Efforts are needed to further develop such devices, which are capable of operating efficiently at low driving potential as well as with weak illumination. Herein, we report an all-oxide, highly transparent TiO2/MoO3 bilayer film, with nanoparticulate anatase TiO2 as the platform, fabricated by a simple solution based method and demonstrate its use in UV photodetection. Photoconductivity measurement with 352 nm light reveals the self-powered UV detection capability of the device due to the built-in potential at the bilayer interface. The device exhibits a high photoresponsivity (46.05 A W-1), detectivity (2.84 × 1012 Jones) and EQE (16 223%) even with a weak illumination of 76 μW cm-2, at a low bias of only -1 V. The self-powered performance of the bilayer device is comparable to that of commercial Si photodetectors as well as other such UV detectors reported based on metal oxide heterojunctions. The improved and faster photoresponse shown by the device is due to the formation of an effective heterojunction, as evidenced by XPS, electrochemical and I-V studies. It can be further attributed to the better charge transport through the densely aligned nanostructures, reduced recombination and the better mobility of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The performance is best-in-class and proves the potential of the transparent heterojunction to be used in highly responsive, self-powered UV detectors for low bias, low light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Ezhilmaran
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
| | - M Dhanasekar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
| | - S Venkataprasad Bhat
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
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