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Shang K, Shi W, Yang Y, Huang Y, Shur V, Laletin V, Zhang L, Jing R, Jin L. Innovative Design of BNKT- xSLZT Ceramics: Maximizing the Polarization Difference for Enhanced Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38605498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with outstanding energy-storage (ES) density (Wrec) and high ES efficiency (η) are crucial for advanced pulse-power capacitors. This study introduces a strategic approach to maximizing the polarization difference (ΔP) by inducing a transition from the ferroelectric phase to the ergodic relaxor (ER) phase. By employing this strategy, a series of ceramics, (1 - x)(Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1)TiO3-x(Sr0.85La0.1)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BNKT-xSLZT), with varying SLZT content (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20), were designed. The addition of SLZT enhances cationic disorder, induces vacancies at A sites, and disrupts long-range ferroelectric order, facilitating the formation of polar nanoregions and enhancing relaxor ferroelectric behavior. Furthermore, a viscous polymer process (VPP) technology is employed to optimize the ceramics' structure, aiming to increase the breakdown strength (Eb) and enhance ΔP. Ultimately, enhanced ES performance is demonstrated in BNKT-0.15SLZTVPP, achieving a remarkable Wrec of 6.85 J/cm3 and η of 84% under 470 kV/cm. This composition demonstrates excellent stability with minimal variations in Wrec (3.0%) and η (4.4%) over the temperature range of 20-110 °C. Additionally, BNKT-0.15SLZTVPP exhibits exceptional pulse charge-discharge properties, featuring a high discharge density of 3.72 J/cm3, a large power density of 164.2 MW/cm3, and a short discharge time (t0.9) of 193 ns under 300 kV/cm. The study validates the practicality of BNKT-0.15SLZTVPP for pulse capacitors and underscores the potential to enhance ES performance through A-site donor doping and VPP technology. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the interplay among composition, structure, and ES properties in lead-free relaxor dielectric ceramics, laying the groundwork for innovative advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Shang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yule Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunyao Huang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Vladimir Shur
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Vladimir Laletin
- Institute of Technical Acoustics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Vitebsk 210009, Belarus
| | - Leiyang Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruiyi Jing
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Jin
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Yan F, Qian J, Lin J, Ge G, Shi C, Zhai J. Ultrahigh Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of Lead-Free Dielectrics with Sandwich Structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306803. [PMID: 37803480 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free dielectric capacitors have attracted significant research interest for high-power applications due to their environmental benefits and ability to meet the demanding performance requirements of electronic devices. However, the development of lead-free ceramic dielectrics with outstanding energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, environmentally friendly ceramic dielectrics with sandwich structures are designed and fabricated to improve energy storage performance via the synergistic effect of different dielectrics. The chemical compositions of the outer and middle layers of the sandwich structure are 0.35BiFeO3 -0.65SrTiO3 and Bi0.39 Na0.36 Sr0.25 TiO3 , respectively. The experimental and theoretical simulation results demonstrate that the breakdown strength is over 700 kV cm-1 for prepare sandwich structure ceramics. As a result, an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of 9.05 J cm-3 and a near-ideal energy storage efficiency of 97% are simultaneously achieved under 710 kV cm-1 . Furthermore, the energy storage efficiency maintains high values (≥ 96%) within 1-100 Hz and the power density as high as 188 MW cm-3 under 400 kV cm-1 . These results indicate that the designed lead-free ceramics with a sandwich structure possess superior comprehensive energy storage performance, making them promising lead-free candidates in the energy storage field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jinfeng Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Guanglong Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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Fan J, He G, Cao Z, Cao Y, Long Z, Hu Z. Ultrahigh energy-storage density of a lead-free 0.85Bi 0.5Na 0.5TiO 3–0.15Ca(Nb 0.5Al 0.5)O 3 ceramic under low electric fields. Inorg Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi02374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 4.41 J cm−3) and efficiency (η = 88%) at low electric field (210 kV cm−1), over wide frequency (10–100 Hz) and temperature (20–200 °C) were achieved simultaneously for 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.15Ca(Nb0.5Al0.5)O3 ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, College of Material Sciene and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Gang He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, College of Material Sciene and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhenzhu Cao
- Chemical Engineering College of Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Yongfan Cao
- Chemical Engineering College of Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, PR China
| | - Zhen Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, College of Material Sciene and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, College of Material Sciene and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Cao W, Lin R, Chen P, Li F, Ge B, Song D, Zhang J, Cheng Z, Wang C. Phase and Band Structure Engineering via Linear Additive in NBT-ST for Excellent Energy Storage Performance with Superior Thermal Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54051-54062. [PMID: 36413744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with ultrahigh energy-storage performance are vital for pulsed power systems. We herein propose a strategy of phase and band structure engineering for high-performance energy storage. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy, (1 - x)(0.75Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.25SrTiO3)-xCaTi0.875Nb0.1O3 (NBT-ST-xCTN, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) samples were designed and fabricated via the solid-state reaction method. The linear dielectric CTN was used as a modulator to tune both phase and band structures of the tested system. Our results show that both rhombohedral phase (R-phase) and tetragonal phase (T-phase) coexist in the samples. The R/T ratio decreases, while the band gap increases with increasing CTN content. The best energy-storage properties with large energy storage density (Wrec = 7.13 J/cm3), a high efficiency (η = 90.3%), and an ultrafast discharge time (25 ns) were achieved in the NBT-ST-0.4CTN sample with R/T = 0.121. Importantly, along with its excellent energy-storage performance, the sample exhibited superior thermal stability with the variations of Wrec ≤ 7% and η ≤ 10% over the wide temperature range of 233-413 K. This work suggests that this engineering of phase and band structures is a promising strategy to achieve superior energy-storage properties in lead-free ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Cao
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Renju Lin
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Dongsheng Song
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2500, Australia
| | - Chunchang Wang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
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Yang L, Kong X, Li Q, Lin YH, Zhang S, Nan CW. Excellent Energy Storage Properties Achieved in Sodium Niobate-Based Relaxor Ceramics through Doping Tantalum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32218-32226. [PMID: 35816115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are potential for energy storage applications due to their comprehensive energy storage properties. However, the energy efficiency of many relaxor ceramics is not high enough, leading to high Joule heat during the charge-discharge cycles, thus lowering their energy storage performance. In this work, tantalum (Ta) dopants were introduced into sodium niobate-based relaxor ceramics to improve the resistivity and energy efficiency. The leakage current was reduced by Ta doping, especially at the high electric field. The enhanced resistivity is attributed to the increased bandgap induced by Ta doping. The impedance spectroscopy shows that both the grain and grain boundary resistivities are improved in the high temperature region. As a result, the optimal recoverable energy density and energy efficiency are 6.5 J/cm3 and 94% at 450 kV/cm, respectively. In addition, the energy storage properties exhibit satisfactory temperature stability and cycling reliability. All these merits demonstrate that the Ta modified sodium niobate-based relaxor ceramic a potential candidate for high-power energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Ma J, Zhang D, Ying F, Li X, Li L, Guo S, Huan Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang ST. Ultrahigh Energy Storage Density and High Efficiency in Lead-Free (Bi 0.9Na 0.1)(Fe 0.8Ti 0.2)O 3-Modified NaNbO 3 Ceramics via Stabilizing the Antiferroelectric Phase and Enhancing Relaxor Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19704-19713. [PMID: 35442644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors have attracted growing attention because of their important applications in advanced high power and/or pulsed power electronic devices. Nevertheless, the synergistic enhancement of recoverable energy storage density (Wrec > 10 J/cm3) and efficiency (η > 80%) is still a great challenge for lead-free dielectric bulk ceramics. Herein, by introducing complex perovskite compound (Bi0.9Na0.1)(Fe0.8Ti0.2)O3 with a smaller tolerance factor into an NaNbO3 matrix (NN-BNFT), we have achieved and explored stable relaxor antiferroelectric ceramics with enhanced relaxor behavior. Of particular importance is the composition of 0.88NN-0.12BNFT, which exhibits a large electric breakdown strength Eb of 87.3 kV/mm, an ultrahigh Wrec of 12.7 J/cm3, and a high efficiency η of 82.5%, as well as excellent thermal reliability and an ultrafast discharge speed, resulting from the dense microstructure, the moderate dielectric constant, the reduced grain size, the dielectric loss, and the sample thickness. The outstanding energy storage properties of NN-BNFT display great promise in advanced dielectric capacitors for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Donghai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fei Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiongjie Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yu Huan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Shan-Tao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials & Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Wang X, Wang X, Huan Y, Li C, Ouyang J, Wei T. A Combined Optimization Strategy for Improvement of Comprehensive Energy Storage Performance in Sodium Niobate-Based Antiferroelectric Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9330-9339. [PMID: 35156378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium niobate (NaNbO3, NN)-based lead-free antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are currently the focus of most attention on account of their outstanding energy storage density. Nevertheless, the high loss energy density (Wloss) by unique field-induced AFE-ferroelectric (FE) phase transition in pure NN ceramic and low breakdown electric field (Eb) largely restrict their practical application. Here, a combined optimization strategy was aimed at ameliorating energy storage characteristics of NN-based ceramics. First, the introduction of BiFeO3-SrTiO3 binary solid solution in pure NN ceramics destroys the long-range polar ordering and reduce the tolerance factor (t), thus reducing the polarization hysteresis, stabilizing the AFE phase and enhancing the energy storage efficiency. Then, the two-step sintering method was used to improve the compactness of ceramics and reduce the grain size. Finally, the VPP method was used to reduce the porosity, and thin the ceramic disk to a thickness of ∼100 μm. The high compactness and small thickness could effectively enhance the maximum breakdown electric field of ceramics. Ultimately, the optimum energy storage characteristics were obtained by the improvement of a combined optimization strategy, namely, an exceptional recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 5.29 J/cm3) and efficiency (η = 82.1%) at a very high breakdown electric field (Eb = 380 kV/cm). This combined optimization strategy establishes a universal approach to ameliorate the energy storage characteristics of NN-based AFE ceramics for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu Huan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Zhu C, Cai Z, Luo B, Cheng X, Guo L, Jiang Y, Cao X, Fu Z, Li L, Wang X. Multiphase Engineered BNT-Based Ceramics with Simultaneous High Polarization and Superior Breakdown Strength for Energy Storage Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28484-28492. [PMID: 34110769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric ceramics are crucial for high-temperature, pulse-power energy storage applications. However, the mutual restriction between the polarization and breakdown strength has been a significant challenge. Here, multiphase engineering controlled by the two-step sintering heating rate is adopted to simultaneously obtain a high polarization and breakdown strength in 0.8(0.95Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.05SrZrO3)-0.2NaNbO3 (BNTSZNN) ceramic systems. The coexistence of tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases benefits the temperature stability of BNTSZNN ceramics. Increasing the heating rate during sintering reduces the diffusion of SrZrO3 and NaNbO3 into Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, which results in a high proportion of the R phase and a finer grain size. The overall polarization is enhanced by increasing the proportion of the high-polarization R phase, which is demonstrated using a first-principles method. Meanwhile, the finer grain size enhances the breakdown strength. Following this design philosophy, an ultrahigh Wdis of 5.55 J/cm3 and η above 85% is achieved in BNTSZNN ceramics as prepared with a fast heating rate of 60 °C/min given a simultaneously high polarization of 43 μC/cm2 and high breakdown strength of 350 kV/cm. Variations in the discharge energy density from room temperature to 160 °C are less than 10%. Additionally, such BNTSZNN ceramics exhibit an ultrafast discharge speed with τ0.9 at approximately 60 ns, which shows great potential in pulse-power system applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziming Cai
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Bingcheng Luo
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30FA, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Limin Guo
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiuhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Electronic Components, Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Holding Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526020, China
| | - Zhenxiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Electronic Components, Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Holding Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526020, China
| | - Longtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang G, Lu Z, Li Y, Li L, Ji H, Feteira A, Zhou D, Wang D, Zhang S, Reaney IM. Electroceramics for High-Energy Density Capacitors: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6124-6172. [PMID: 33909415 PMCID: PMC8277101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting high energy/power density are currently needed to meet the growing demand of portable electronics, electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices. The highest energy densities are achieved for fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, but conventional dielectric capacitors are receiving increased attention for pulsed power applications due to their high power density and their fast charge-discharge speed. The key to high energy density in dielectric capacitors is a large maximum but small remanent (zero in the case of linear dielectrics) polarization and a high electric breakdown strength. Polymer dielectric capacitors offer high power/energy density for applications at room temperature, but above 100 °C they are unreliable and suffer from dielectric breakdown. For high-temperature applications, therefore, dielectric ceramics are the only feasible alternative. Lead-based ceramics such as La-doped lead zirconate titanate exhibit good energy storage properties, but their toxicity raises concern over their use in consumer applications, where capacitors are exclusively lead free. Lead-free compositions with superior power density are thus required. In this paper, we introduce the fundamental principles of energy storage in dielectrics. We discuss key factors to improve energy storage properties such as the control of local structure, phase assemblage, dielectric layer thickness, microstructure, conductivity, and electrical homogeneity through the choice of base systems, dopants, and alloying additions, followed by a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art. Finally, we comment on the future requirements for new materials in high power/energy density capacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Zhilun Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,The Henry Royce Institute, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Yong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Ferroelectric-related New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Hongfen Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,Laboratory of Thin Film Techniques and Optical Test, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Antonio Feteira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Ferroic Oxides, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Di Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Lab, Key Lab of Education Ministry/International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ian M Reaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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