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Malakar A, Mandal S, Sen Gupta R, Kashyap V, Raj R, Manna K, Bose S. 'Donor-acceptor', 'interpenetrating polymer network' and 'electrostatic self-assembly' work in tandem to achieve extraordinary specific shielding effectiveness. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15343-15357. [PMID: 39087876 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of 'electrostatic self-assembly' on solid surfaces has garnered significant interest across various fields. With the sophistication of gadgets, managing electromagnetic interference (EMI) from stray signals, especially in stealth applications, necessitates materials that can absorb microwaves. A promising approach involves integrating lightweight self-healing polymeric materials. This study employs electrostatic self-assembly to design a carbon nanotube structure on an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) made of PVDF and bismaleimide (BMI)-grafted dopamine hydrochloride, enhancing mechanical integrity through well-formed IPNs. Graphene oxide (GO) is introduced before IPN formation to facilitate an 'acceptor-donor' interaction via the Diels-Alder adduct between BMI and GO, which binds with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs, modified with PQ7 or PDDA for a positive charge, self-assemble onto the IPN-GO construct, creating a lightweight and chemically stable structure capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation. The 21 μm thick construct exhibits enhanced microwave absorption within the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz), with a specific shielding effectiveness of 8637 dB cm2 g-1 and a green index (gs ≈ 1.41). The construct is coated with self-healable polyetherimide (PEI) containing exchangeable disulfide bonds to address maintenance challenges, providing heat-triggered self-healing properties. These innovative structures offer solutions for 5G and IoT applications where lightweight, durable, and multifunctional properties are essential for effectively shielding electronic devices from stray signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Malakar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Samir Mandal
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Vinod Kashyap
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Rishi Raj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Kunal Manna
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru - 560012, India.
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Li S, Tang C, Song Y, Zhang S, Hang ZH, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang Z. Tailoring Interfaces of All-Carbon Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials for Boosting Comprehensive Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11821-11834. [PMID: 38407077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with lightweight, high shielding effectiveness, excellent chemical stability, especially minimized secondary electromagnetic pollution, are urgently desired for integrated electronic systems operating in harsh working environments. Here in this study, by systematically engineering and matching the interfacial properties of carbon-based membrane materials, i.e., graphite paper, whisker carbon nanotube paper (WCNT paper), carbon nanotube film (CNT film), bucky paper (BP), and carbon cloth (CC) with three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanotube sponge (CNTS), we successfully constructed a series of multifunctional all-carbon EMI shielding materials, which exhibit excellent average shielding effectiveness of over 90 dB with a thickness of about 1 mm and dramatically minimized secondary electromagnetic reflection. Moreover, benefiting from the all-carbon nature and engineered interfaces, our CMC materials also exhibit excellent photothermal and Joule heating performances. These results not only provide guidance for designing advanced multifunctional all-carbon EMI shielding materials but also shed light on the hidden mechanism between interfaces and performances of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Chengqing Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yaoqieyu Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Hong Hang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yitan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
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Manna K, Sen Gupta R, Bose S. A universal approach to 'host' carbon nanotubes on a charge triggered 'guest' interpenetrating polymer network for excellent 'green' electromagnetic interference shielding. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1373-1391. [PMID: 36594198 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of miniaturized electronic gadgets today faces stiff reliability obstacles from factors like stray electromagnetic signals. The challenge is to design lightweight shielding materials that combine small volume and high-frequency operations to reliably reduce/eliminate electromagnetic interference. Herein, in the first of its kind, a sequential interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) membrane was used to host a CNT construct through a stimuli-responsive trigger. The proposed construct besides being robust, sustainable, and scalable is a universal approach to fabricate a CNT construct where conventional strategies are not amenable. This approach of self-assembling counter-charged CNTs also maximizes the number of CNTs in the final construct, thereby greatly enhancing the shielding performance dominated by 90% absorption in a wide frequency band of 8.2-26.5 GHz. The IPN-CNT construct achieves specific shielding effectiveness in the range of ca. 1607-5715 dB cm2 g-1 by tuning the thickness of the CNT construct with an endearing green index (gs ≈ 1.8). The performance of such an ultra-thin, light-weight IPN-CNT construct remained unchanged when subjected to 10 000 bending cycles and on exposure to different chemical environments, indicating outstanding mechanical/chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Manna
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Ria Sen Gupta
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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