1
|
Wu Y, Li P, Yu S, Min Y, Xiao L. Layer-by-Layer-Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance Enabled by Regulating the Microstructure of Upper Layer. Molecules 2024; 29:2879. [PMID: 38930944 PMCID: PMC11206570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LBL) fabrication method allows for controlled microstructure morphology and vertical component distribution, and also offers a reproducible and efficient technique for fabricating large-scale organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, the polymers D18 and PYIT-OD are employed to fabricate all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) using the LBL method. Morphological studies reveal that the use of additives optimizes the microstructure of the active layer, enhancing the cells' crystallinity and charge transport capability. The optimized device with 2% CN additive significantly reduces bimolecular recombination and trap-assisted recombination. All-PSCs fabricated by the LBL method based on D18/PYIT-OD deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.07%. Our study demonstrates the great potential of additive engineering via the LBL fabrication method in regulating the microstructure of active layers, suppressing charge recombination, and enhancing the photovoltaic performance of devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liangang Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Appropriate Volt–Var Curve Settings for PV Inverters Based on Distribution Network Characteristics Using Match Rate of Operating Point. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the process of setting up an appropriate volt–var curve for the reactive power control of a photovoltaic (PV) inverter interconnected to a distribution line that is voltage controlled by a load ratio control transformer (LRT). Computer simulations with 360 patterns of volt–var curves applied to five actual distribution line models are presented. The number of patterns was narrowed down to 23 by using voltage, distribution-line loss, number of LRT tap operations, and a new evaluation index, the match ratio. When a power-factor constraint is imposed on the PV inverter, it may not output the reactive power according to the volt–var curve depending on the active power output. The match rate is an index to show the percentage of the operating points of the PV inverter that conform with the volt–var curve. By evaluating the match rate, it can be demonstrated if the PV inverter efficiently contributes to the voltage control, which greatly contributes to narrowing of the volt–var curve. It is demonstrated that the volt–var curve obtained using the proposed method is superior in terms of voltage controllability, distribution line losses, and the number of LRT tap controls.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Hofstadler
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Characterization of orthogonal hydrogen and halogen bonds in thiobarbituric acid complexes with halogen molecules (X =
I
2
, Br
2
, and Cl
2
): Structural and spectroscopic study. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Mersal GAM, Toghan A, Yahia IS, El‐Sheshtawy HS. Pyrrole/thiophene π‐bridged two triphenylamine electron donor and substituted thiobarbituric electron acceptor for
D‐π‐A‐D‐
featured
DSSC
applications. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio‐Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Physics Department, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Hamdy S. El‐Sheshtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Meng H, Huang J, Zhan C. Structural Cutting of Non-fullerene Acceptors by Chlorination: Effects of Substituent Number on Device Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50541-50549. [PMID: 33136385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of chlorination on photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells are yet largely unclear though it is emerging as a special yet effective strategy to design highly efficient non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Herein, a bi-chlorine-substituted NFA with regioregularity, namely, bichlorinated dithienothiophen[3.2-b]- pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BTP-2Cl-δ), is synthesized and compared to the non-chlorinated BTP and tetra-chlorine-substituted BTP-4Cl to study the effects of Cl number on the photovoltaic performance. From BTP to BTP-2Cl-δ and BTP-4Cl, the three molecules show gradually red-shifted absorption peaks, narrowed band gaps, and lowered highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Polymer solar cells are fabricated using PM6 as the donor and the three small molecules as the acceptors. From BTP to BTP-2Cl-δ, efficiencies (8.8 vs 15.4%) are significantly enhanced due to the better film morphology and strong crystallization of the BTP-2Cl-δ-based device, giving rise to boosted fill factors (FFs) and short-circuit current densities (JSC's). From BTP-2Cl-δ to BTP-4Cl, although JSC's (24.3 vs 25.0 mA cm-2) are slightly elevated due to the higher crystallinity of BTP-4Cl, leading to improved exciton dissociation and collection efficiencies, FFs (71.1 vs 68.0%) are obviously decreased owing to the unfavorable film morphology, unbalanced hole-electron mobilities, and higher charge recombination in BTP-4Cl-based devices. As such, the efficiency of the BTP-2Cl-δ-based device (15.4%) is superior to that of the BTP-4Cl-based device (14.5%). This work elucidates a design strategy by cutting the numbers of substituent chlorine to obtain desired energy levels and crystallization with optimal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huifeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|