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Subbiah K, Lee HS, Al-Hadeethi MR, Park T, Lgaz H. Unraveling the anti-corrosion mechanisms of a novel hydrazone derivative on steel in contaminated concrete pore solutions: An integrated study. J Adv Res 2024; 58:211-228. [PMID: 37634628 PMCID: PMC10982867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corrosion-induced deterioration of infrastructure is a growing global concern. The development and application of corrosion inhibitors are one of the most effective approaches to protect steel rebar from corrosion. Hence, this study focuses on a novel hydrazone derivative, (E)-N'-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)aceto-hydrazide (HIND), and its potential application to mitigate corrosion in steel rebar exposed to chloride-contaminated concrete pore solutions (ClSCPS). OBJECTIVES The research aims to evaluate the anti-corrosion capabilities of HIND on steel rebar within a simulated corrosive environment, focusing on the mechanisms of its inhibitory effect. METHODS The corrosion of steel rebar exposed to the ClSCPS was studied through weight loss and electrochemical methods. The surface morphology of steel rebar surface was characterized by FE-SEM-EDS, AFM; oxidation states of the steel rebar and crystal structures were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Further, experimental findings were complemented by theoretical studies using self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations. The performance of HIND was monitored at an optimal concentration over a period of 30 days. RESULTS The results indicated a significant reduction in steel rebar corrosion upon introducing HIND. The inhibitor molecules adhered to the steel surface, preventing further deterioration and achieving an inhibition efficiency of 88.4% at 0.5 mmol/L concentration. The surface morphology analysis confirmed the positive effect of HIND on the rebar surface, showing a decrease in the surface roughness of the steel rebar from 183.5 in uninhibited to 50 nm in inhibited solutions. Furthermore, SCC-DFTB simulations revealed the presence of coordination between iron atoms and HIND active sites. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential of HIND as an effective anti-corrosion agent in chloride-contaminated environments. Its primary adsorption mechanism involves charge transfer from the inhibitor molecules to iron atoms. Therefore, applying HIND could be an effective strategy to address corrosion-related challenges in reinforced infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Subbiah
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mustafa R Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
| | - Taejoon Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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A state-of-the-art review of self-healing stimuli-responsive microcapsules in cementitious materials. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Electrochemical and DFT Study of NaNO2/NaNO3 Corrosion Inhibitor Blends for Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nitrite- and nitrate-based inhibitors provides corrosion protection by the development of passive oxide film on the metal surface in reinforced concrete applications. However, the impact of the nitrite and nitrate ratio in the mixture has not been widely studied. In this study, the corrosion protection provided by NaNO2:NaNO3 inhibitor blends with ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 1:0.5 were studied to maximize corrosion inhibition efficiency. The nitrite species imparted higher corrosion protection, as shown by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, with an icorr of 1.16 × 10–7 A/cm2 for the 1:0.5 mixture, lower than for both the 1:1 and 0.5:1 mixtures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also performed, with the 1:0.5 mixture consistently displaying high resistance values, showing an Rct of 1.31 × 105 Ω cm2. The effect of temperature was also assessed; the Ea’s of the corrosion reaction were calculated to be 12.1, 9.2, and 4.9 kJ/mol for the 0.5:1, 1:1, and 1:0.5 (NO2−:NO3−) mixtures, respectively. Density functional theory was applied to analyze the molecular properties and to determine the relationship between the quantum properties and corrosion inhibition. The ΔE of NO2− was found to be −5.74 eV, lower than that of NO3− (−5.45 eV), corroborating the experimental results. Lastly, commercially available inhibitor mixtures were investigated and nitrite/nitrate concentrations determined to evaluate their corrosion protection performance; amongst the two inhibitor blends tested, Sika was found to outperform Yara due to its greater NO2− concentration.
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Cao L, Wang Q, Wang W, Li Q, Chen S. Synthesis of Smart Nanofiber Coatings with Autonomous Self-Warning and Self-Healing Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27168-27176. [PMID: 35666307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic protective coatings are widely used to protect metal structures from corrosion but they are vulnerable to undetectable damage. Without timely detection and repair, it could lead to severe consequences. How to warn and heal damaged areas simultaneously and automatically has become a challenging problem. Herein, we report an intelligent protective coating with self-warning and self-healing functions. This strategy was achieved by embedding bifunctional nanofibers containing 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) in organic coatings. The nanofibers with Phen as a core and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)─chitosan (CS) blend solution as a shell were synthesized by coaxial electrospinning. The PVA/CS@Phen nanofiber-embedded coating displayed self-healing and high contrast indication function of the damaged area on coatings. Prominent red could warn microdamage and macrosurface damage, which occurred rapidly and healed permanently. The intelligent coating exhibited high healing performance under artificial injury with self-warning characteristics, and the cure rate was about 98.4% without external intervention. In the healing process, free amino groups of CS in the shell of nanofibers enhanced the sustained release of Phen. This convenient, economical, and efficient strategy with cooperative functions of self-warning and self-healing delivers an effective solution for prolonging the service life of protective coatings. This multifunctional coating exhibits excellent potential in the field of marine engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shougang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Salaluk S, Jiang S, Viyanit E, Rohwerder M, Landfester K, Crespy D. Design of Nanostructured Protective Coatings with a Sensing Function. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53046-53054. [PMID: 34705432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured multilayered coatings for metals are prepared to simultaneously provide a function of corrosion mitigation and of corrosion sensing for copper substrates. Silica nanocapsules, embedded in one layer of the coating, are used as a host for a corrosion inhibitor and as a sensor, which detect changes of pH value and release inhibitors via an optical signal. Furthermore, another layer in the coating exists in a nanonetwork loaded with another corrosion inhibitor, which is impregnated with a hydrophobic polymer. We demonstrate that a specific arrangement of layers leads to an optimum anticorrosion and sensing performance while the sensing signal can be prolonged for a long time. It is the first time that the fluorophore detecting corrosion is conjugated to the nanosensor and that nanofibers and nanocapsules are used simultaneously to load and release corrosion inhibitors for anticorrosion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttiruk Salaluk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ekkarut Viyanit
- Failure Analysis and Corrosion Technology Laboratory, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Bastidas DM, Martin U, Bastidas JM, Ress J. Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Steel Reinforcements in Mortar Using Soluble Phosphates: A Critical Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6168. [PMID: 34683759 PMCID: PMC8540599 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion inhibition mechanism of soluble phosphates on steel reinforcement embedded in mortar fabricated with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are reviewed. This review focuses soluble phosphate compounds, sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) (MFP), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) (DHP) and trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) (TSP), embedded in mortar. Phosphate corrosion inhibitors have been deployed in two different ways, as migrating corrosion inhibitors (MCI), or as admixed corrosion inhibitors (ACI). The chemical stability of phosphate corrosion inhibitors depends on the pH of the solution, H2PO4- ions being stable in the pH range of 3-6, the HPO42- in the pH range of 8-12, while the PO43- ions are stable above pH 12. The formation of iron phosphate compounds is a thermodynamically favored spontaneous reaction. Phosphate ions promote ferrous phosphate precipitation due to the higher solubility of ferric phosphate, thus producing a protective barrier layer that hinders corrosion. Therefore, the MFP as well as the DHP and TSP compounds are considered anodic corrosion inhibitors. Both types of application (MCI and ACI) of phosphate corrosion inhibitors found MFP to present the higher inhibition efficiency in the following order MFP > DHP > TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bastidas
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Ulises Martin
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose M. Bastidas
- National Center for Metallurgical Research—CENIM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—CSIC, Ave. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jacob Ress
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
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Huang J, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Hu J, Huang H, Wei J, Yu Q. pH-Triggered Release Performance of Microcapsule-Based Inhibitor and Its Inhibition Effect on the Reinforcement Embedded in Mortar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5517. [PMID: 34639907 PMCID: PMC8509776 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The smart release of healing agents is a key factor determining the inhibition efficiency of microcapsules-based corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete. In this study, the release behavior of benzotriazole (BTA) in microcapsule-based inhibitors was investigated in mortar sample to clarify the influence of different hydration products on the release process. The results indicated that under high pH environment (pH > 12.4), only about 5% reserved BTA was released from the mortar sample. pH drop resulted in the increased release of BTA from mortar sample. Most BTA in the microcapsule-based inhibitors was released from mortar sample in low pH environment, which was closely related to morphology/composition alterations of hydration products caused by pH drop of the environment. The smart release of BTA dramatically delayed corrosion initiation of reinforced mortar and halted corrosion product accumulation on the steel surface. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the reinforced mortar was improved after corrosion initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524006, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
- China Vanke Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Research Center for Wind Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Haoliang Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Jiangxiong Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qijun Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Y.)
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Improved Corrosion Protection of Acrylic Waterborne Coating by Doping with Microencapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a waterborne acrylic coating doped with pH sensitive colophony microcapsules containing corrosion inhibitors was studied on carbon steel plates. The changes in the physical properties of the coatings were studied. The microcapsule coating specimens maintained more noble Ecorr values compared to the control in deionized water and simulated concrete pore solutions with −513 and −531 mVSCE, respectively. Additionally, the microcapsule polarization results for both pH 12.6 and 6.2 electrolyte solutions showed lower icorr values of 1.20 × 10−6 and 3.24 × 10−6 A·cm−2, respectively, compared to the control sample (1.15 × 10−5 and 4.21 × 10−5 A·cm−2). Therefore, the microcapsule coating provided more protection from chloride attack on the substrate as well as the deleterious effects of low pH on carbon steel. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis corroborated the DC polarization results, showing increased corrosion resistance for the microcapsule coated specimens compared to the control. Moreover, the Rpore and Rct are much higher than the control, indicating the protection of the inhibitors. The Ceff,dl also shows lower values for the microcapsule coating than the control, showing a more protective and less doped double layer.
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Subbiah K, Lee HS, Mandal S, Park T. Conifer Cone ( Pinus resinosa) as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel Rebar in Chloride-Contaminated Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43676-43695. [PMID: 34463095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been focused on the environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor. Conifer cone (Pinus resinosa) has been used as a novel corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosion of steel rebars in simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPS) in the presence and absence of chloride ions. The corrosion inhibitor is extracted by simple chemical methods. The functional groups present in the extracted conifer cone (ECC) powder are characterized as well as the surface morphology of ECC has been examined. The corrosion inhibition performance has been evaluated by the electrochemical and weight loss methods. The experimental results indicate that ECC possesses a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 81.2% at a dosage of 1000 mg·L-1, after 720 h of immersion in chloride-contaminated SCPS. Adsorption isotherm and their standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGads0) values are calculated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm methods, and the results indicate that the ECC is initially adsorbed on the steel rebar surface by physisorption and then it turns to chemisorption. The steel rebar surfaces have been characterized after exposure to the ECC containing SCPS, and the results indicate that the ECC containing cationic adsorbate molecules, which interact with steel rebar, leads to retardation of metal dissolution in corrosive chloride medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Subbiah
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Soumen Mandal
- Intelligent Construction Automation Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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Jing C, Dong B, Raza A, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Corrosion inhibition of layered double hydroxides for metal-based systems. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Electrochemical Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in Binary Sustainable Concrete Made with Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Silica Fume (SF) Exposed to Sulfates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluates the behavior corrosion of galvanized steel (GS) and AISI 1018 carbon steel (CS) embedded in conventional concrete (CC) made with 100% CPC 30R and two binary sustainable concretes (BSC1 and BSC2) made with sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and silica fume (SF), respectively, after 300 days of exposure to 3.5 wt.% MgSO4 solution as aggressive medium. Electrochemical techniques were applied to monitor corrosion potential (Ecorr) according to ASTM C-876-15 and linear polarization resistance (LPR) according to ASTM G59 for determining corrosion current density (icorr). Ecorr and icorr results indicate after more than 300 days of exposure to the sulfate environment (3.5 wt.% MgSO4 solution), that the CS specimens embedded in BSC1 and BSC2 presented greater protection against corrosion in 3.5 wt.% MgSO4 than the specimens embedded in CC. It was also shown that this protection against sulfates is significantly increased when using GS reinforcements. The results indicate a higher resistance to corrosion by exposure to 3.5 wt.% magnesium sulfate two times greater for BSC1 and BSC2 specimens reinforced with GS than the specimens embedding CS. In summary, the combination of binary sustainable concrete with galvanized steel improves durability and lifetime in service, in addition to reducing the environmental impact of the civil engineering structures.
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Protection of Carbon Steel Rebars by Epoxy Coating with Smart Environmentally Friendly Microcapsules. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protection of mild steel by modified epoxy coating containing colophony microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors was investigated in this study. The corrosion behavior of these epoxy coatings containing colophony microcapsules was studied by electrochemical analysis using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The microcapsule coating showed decreased corrosion current densities of 2.75 × 10−8 and 3.21 × 10−8 A/cm2 along with corrosion potential values of 0.349 and 0.392 VSCE for simulated concrete pore solution and deionized water with 3.5 wt.% NaCl, respectively, indicating improved corrosion protection in both alkaline and neutral pH. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis also showed charge transfer resistance values over one order of magnitude higher than the control sample, corroborating the electrochemical corrosion potential and current density testing results. Overall, the use of colophony microcapsules showed improved corrosion protection in simulated concrete pore solution and DI water solutions containing chloride ions.
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