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Man Y, Jaumaux P, Xu Y, Fei Y, Mo X, Wang G, Zhou X. Research development on electrolytes for magnesium-ion batteries. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1819-1842. [PMID: 37516661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation energy-storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, divalent nature and the natural abundancy of magnesium (Mg) resources on Earth. However, the development of MIBs has been mainly limited by the incompatibility of Mg anodes with several Mg salts and conventional organic-liquid electrolytes. Therefore, one major challenge faced by MIBs technology lies on developing safe electrolytes, which demonstrate appropriate electrochemical voltage window and compatibility with Mg anode. This review discusses the development of MIBs from the point-of-view of the electrolyte syntheses. A systematic assessment of promising electrolyte design strategies is proposed including liquid and solid-state electrolytes. Liquid-based electrolytes have been largely explored and can be categorized by solvent-type: organic solvent, aqueous solvent, and ionic-liquids. Organic-liquid electrolytes usually present high electrochemical and chemical stability but are rather dangerous, while aqueous electrolytes present high ionic conductivity and eco-friendliness but narrow electrochemical stability window. Some ionic-liquid electrolytes have proved outstanding performance but are fairly expensive. As alternative to liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes are increasingly attractive to increase energy density and safety. However, improving the ionic conductivity of Mg ions in these types of electrolytes is extremely challenging. We believe that this comprehensive review will enable researchers to rapidly grasp the problems faced by electrolytes for MIBs and the electrolyte design strategies proposed to this date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pauline Jaumaux
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yating Fei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangyin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Liu J, Zhu Y, Han T, Zhang H, Hu C, Niu J. A Foldable Aqueous Zn-Ion Battery with Gear-Structured Composite as Freestanding Cathode. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202950. [PMID: 36437233 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A foldable battery with high flexibility provides great potential in various wearable electronic devices for health and fitness tracking, chronic disease management, performance monitoring, navigation tracking, and portable gears for soldiers. We report a highly flexible, self-healing Zn-ion battery with a free-standing cathode that is composed of a 3D gear-like NH4 V4 O10 @C composite on carbon paper. The battery retained a capacity of up to 102.4 mAh g-1 even after being folded 60 times with a high angle of 180°. An aqueous hydrogel consisting polyvinyl alcohol, glycerin and Zn(CF3 SO3 )2 was used as electrolyte, which showed as high as 580 % tensile strain under a loading weight of 78 N. The battery exhibited a better capacity retention of over 100 mAh g-1 and Coulombic efficiency of over 99.8 % after cutting and twisting to 90°, thereby indicating a great self-healing performance. The gear-like geometry greatly improved the volume accommodation due to the increased interval space between the blades and the outward configuration. Meanwhile the Zn2+ ionic conductivity was improved by rapid re-binding of many existing hydroxy groups from the electrolyte and the enhanced contact surface area and diffusion route from the cathode material. The highly flexible, safe aqueous Zn-ion battery opens a practical way to power various carry-on electronics under mechanical agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory, for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory, for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory, for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Huigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
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Progress and perspective on rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guo M, Yuan C, Zhang T, Yu X. Solid-State Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium-Ion Batteries: From Structure to Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106981. [PMID: 35182102 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium (Mg)-ion batteries have received growing attention as a next-generation battery system owing to their advantages of sufficient reserves, lower cost, better safety, and higher volumetric energy density than lithium-ion batteries. However, Mg as an anode can be easily passivated during charging/discharging by most common solvents, which are inconducive for magnesium deposition/stripping. Based on this, the development of Mg-ion solid-state electrolytes in the last decades led to the formulization of several concepts beyond previously reported designs. These exciting studies have once again sparked an interest in all-solid-state magnesium-ion batteries. In this review, Mg solid-state electrolytes, including inorganic (oxides, hydrides, and chalcogenides) and organic (metal-organic frameworks and polymers) materials are classified and summarized in detail. Moreover, the structural characteristics and the migration mechanism of Mg2+ ions are also discussed with a focus on pending questions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chongyang Yuan
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Lee JY, Yu TY, Yeh SC, Wu NL, Jeng RJ. Spiro-Twisted Benzoxazine Derivatives Bearing Nitrile Group for All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2869. [PMID: 35890645 PMCID: PMC9317537 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two nitrile-functionalized spiro-twisted benzoxazine monomers, namely 2,2'-((6,6,6',6'-tetramethyl-6,6',7,7'-tetrahydro-2H,2'H-8,8'-spirobi[indeno[5,6-e][1,3]oxazin]-3,3'(4H,4'H)-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))diacetonitrile (TSBZBC) and 4,4'-(6,6,6',6'-tetramethyl-6,6',7,7'-tetrahydro-2H,2'H-8,8'-spirobi[indeno[5,6-e][1,3]oxazin]-3,3'(4H,4'H)-diyl)dibenzonitrile (TSBZBN) were successfully developed as cross-linkable precursors. In addition, the incorporation of the nitrile group by covalent bonding onto the crosslinked spiro-twisted molecular chains improve the miscibility of SPE membranes with lithium salts while maintaining good mechanical properties. Owing to the presence of a high fractional free volume of spiro-twisted matrix, the -CN groups would have more space for rotation and vibration to assist lithium migration, especially for the benzyl cyanide-containing SPE. When combined with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes, a new type of CN-containing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were prepared. The PEO-TSBZBC and PEO-TSBZBN composite SPEs (with 20 wt% crosslinked structure in the polymer) are denoted as the BC20 and BN20, respectively. The BC20 sample exhibited an ionic conductivity (σ) of 3.23 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 80 °C and a Li+ ion transference number of 0.187. The LiFePO4 (LFP)|BC20|Li sample exhibited a satisfactory charge-discharge capacity of 163.6 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (with approximately 100% coulombic efficiency). Furthermore, the Li|BC20|Li cell was more stable during the Li plating/stripping process than the Li|BN20|Li and Li|PEO|Li samples. The Li|BC20|Li symmetric cell could be cycled continuously for more than 2700 h without short-circuiting. In addition, the specific capacity of the LFP|BC20|Li cell retained 87% of the original value after 50 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tsung-Yu Yu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Shih-Chieh Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.Y.)
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Lih Wu
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Jong Jeng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.Y.)
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Zhu Y, Lin X, Jin X, Han T, Zhang H, Liu J. A flexible self-healing Zn3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O-based Zn-ion battery under continuous folding and twisting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8117-8120. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02561b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineering flexible and self-healing batteries is significant for wearable electronics. Here, we develop a flexible self-healing Zn-ion battery with a three-dimensional Zn3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O cathode working with polyvinyl alcohol and Zn2+/Mn2+ ions-based...
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