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Qiu Y, Sun Z, Guo Z, Du B, Ding H, Wang P, Tian S, Qian L. Ion-Molecule Co-Confining Ammonium Vanadate Cathode for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311029. [PMID: 38152924 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-based cathode materials have attracted great attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the inferior ion transport and cyclic stability due to the strong Coulomb interaction between Zn2+ and the lattice limit their further application. In this work, CO2 molecules are in situ embedded in the interlayer structure of NH4V4O10 by decomposing excess H2C2O4·2H2O in the main framework, obtaining an ion-molecule co-confining NH4V4O10 for AZIB cathode material. The introduced CO2 molecules expanded the interlayer spacing of NH4V4O10, broadened the diffusion channel of Zn2+, and stabilized the structure of NH4V4O10 as the interlayer pillars together withNH 4 + ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^ + $ , which effectively improved the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and cycle stability of the electrode. In addition, the binding betweenNH 4 + ${\mathrm{NH}}_4^ + $ and the host framework is stabilized via hydrogen bonds with CO2 molecules. NVO-CO2-0.8 exhibited excellent specific capacity (451.1 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1), cycle stability (214.0 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) and rate performance. This work provides new ideas and approaches for optimizing vanadium-based materials with high-performance AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Zihao Guo
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Benli Du
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Han Ding
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Shaoyao Tian
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250061, China
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2
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Saha P, Ali A, Nayem SMA, Shaheen Shah S, Aziz MA, Saleh Ahammad AJ. Vanadium-Based Cathodic Materials of Aqueous Zn-Ion Battery for Superior-Performance with Prolonged-Life Cycle. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202200310. [PMID: 36861955 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-ion battery systems (AZIBs) have emerged as the most dependable solution, as demonstrated by successful systematic growth over the past few years. Cost effectivity, high performance and power density with prolonged life cycle are some major reason of the recent progress in AZIBs. Development of vanadium-based cathodic materials for AZIBs has appeared widely. This review contains a brief display of the basic facts and history of AZIBs. An insight section on zinc storage mechanism ramifications is given. A detailed discussion is conducted on features of high-performance and long life-time cathodes. Such features include design, modifications, electrochemical and cyclic performance, along with stability and zinc storage pathway of vanadium based cathodes from 2018 to 2022. Finally, this review outlines obstacles and opportunities with encouragement for gathering a strong conviction for future advancement in vanadium-based cathodes for AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protity Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
- Present address: Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmar Ali
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Abu Nayem
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A J Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
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3
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Yuan Y. Enhanced sulfamethoxazole photodegradation by N-SrTiO 3/NH 4V 4O 10 S-scheme photocatalyst: DFT calculation and photocatalytic mechanism insight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:860-869. [PMID: 37178563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a N-SrTiO3/NH4V4O10 S-scheme photocatalyst by modifying NH4V4O10 nanosheets with various proportions of N-doped SrTiO3 nanoparticles using a mild hydrothermal method.Density Functional Theory(DFT) calculations were employed to elucidate thephotocatalytic mechanism, while the electron-hole transfer and separation of the S-type heterojunction were further characterized experimentally. The photocatalyst was applied to the photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a common water pollutant. Among all the prepared photocatalysts, 30 wt% N-SrTiO3/NH4V4O10 (NSN-30) displayed the highest photocatalytic performance. This was attributed to the facile electron transfer mechanism of the S-scheme heterojunction, which facilitated the effective separation of electron-holes and preserved the strong redox property of the catalyst. The possible intermediates anddegradation pathwaysin thephotocatalytic systemwere explored usingelectron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) and DFT calculations. Our findings demonstrate the potential of semiconductor catalysts to remove antibiotics from aqueous environments usinggreen energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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4
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He Y, Xu H, Liu F, Bian H, Li D, Wang A, Sun D. De-Ammonium Ba 0.18V 2O 4.95/NH 4V 4O 10 Film Electrodes as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Magnesium-Ion Batteries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6580-6591. [PMID: 37105201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) have been pushed into the research boom in the post-lithium-ion batteries era due to their low cost, no dendrite hazard, and high capacity. However, finding suitable cathode materials to improve the slow kinetics of Mg2+ is an ongoing challenge. In this work, Ba0.18V2O4.95/NH4V4O10 film electrodes were grown in one step on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass using a low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method. Temperature was used as the probe condition, and it was concluded that the films annealed at 400 °C had suitable crystallinity and de-ammonium lattice space. At lower current density, with 0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2/PC as the electrolyte, it exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 130.99 mA h m-2 at 210 mA m-2 and 106.52% capacity retention after 100 cycles. In addition, it exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in long-term cycling (92.98% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 600 mA m-2). According to the results of ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the removal of NH4+ created more lattice space, assisting Ba0.18V2O4.95 to increase the transfer channels of Mg2+, providing more active sites to promote diffusion kinetics (the average DMg2+ was 2.07 × 10-12 cm2 s-1) and specific capacity. Therefore, these film electrodes for scalable Mg2+ storage are promising MIB cathode candidates that exhibit good performance advantages in storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Hanxiao Bian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Dongcai Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Daosheng Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
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5
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Chen D, Wang B, Cui X, Yang H, Lu M, Cai D, Han W. Intercalation-induced amorphous hydrated vanadium oxide for boosted aqueous Zn 2+ storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1365-1368. [PMID: 36649100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An amorphous hydrated vanadium oxide induced by Zn2+ intercalation in Mg-ion inserted V2O5·nH2O (MgVOH) is developed as a high-performance cathode for ZIBs. In particular, zinc pyrovanadate as the product of the second phase transition is found to suppress the dissolution issue of the vanadium species for the cathode to facilitate long lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. .,College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin university, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Boran Wang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Hang Yang
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin university, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Mengjie Lu
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin university, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, International Center of Future Science, Jilin university, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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6
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Li D, Gao N, Sheng R, Li F, Wang L, Gu Y, Sun Y. High-performance Zn-ion batteries constructed by in situ conversion of surface-oxidized vanadium nitride into Zn 3(OH) 2V 2O 7·2H 2O with oxygen defects. CrystEngComm 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Surface-oxidized vanadium nitride transforms into Zn3V2O7(OH)2-based materials with oxygen defects by electrochemical conversion, which act as cathodes for high performance aqueous zinc ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ningze Gao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuanxiang Gu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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7
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Liu Y, Xu J, Li J, Yang Z, Huang C, Yu H, Zhang L, Shu J. Pre-intercalation chemistry of electrode materials in aqueous energy storage systems. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Layered ammonium vanadate nanobelt as efficient adsorbents for removal of Sr2+ and Cs+ from contaminated water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Cai S, Wu Y, Chen H, Ma Y, Fan T, Xu M, Bao SJ. Why does the capacity of vanadium selenide based aqueous zinc ion batteries continue to increase during long cycles? J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zong Q, Wang Q, Liu C, Tao D, Wang J, Zhang J, Du H, Chen J, Zhang Q, Cao G. Potassium Ammonium Vanadate with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Fast and Highly Stable Zn-Ion Storage. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4588-4598. [PMID: 35258924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-based materials have been extensively studied as promising cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries because of their multiple valences and adjustable ion-diffusion channels. However, the sluggish kinetics of Zn-ion intercalation and less stable layered structure remain bottlenecks that limit their further development. The present work introduces potassium ions to partially substitute ammonium ions in ammonium vanadate, leading to a subtle shrinkage of lattice distance and the increased oxygen vacancies. The resulting potassium ammonium vanadate exhibits a high discharge capacity (464 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) and excellent cycling stability (90% retention over 3000 cycles at 5 A g-1). The excellent electrochemical properties and battery performances are attributed to the rich oxygen vacancies. The introduction of K+ to partially replace NH4+ appears to alleviate the irreversible deammoniation to prevent structural collapse during ion insertion/extraction. Density functional theory calculations show that potassium ammonium vanadate has a modulated electron structure and a better zinc-ion diffusion path with a lower migration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zong
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - QianQian Wang
- School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daiwen Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangying Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingji Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwei Du
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfu Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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11
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Li K, Liu Y, Wu X. Ammonium vanadate electrode materials with stable layered structures for rechargeable zinc ion battery. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As electricity demand grows, it is important to develop some energy storage systems with long cycle life and high specific capacity. Aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) are emerging storage energy...
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12
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Ma Y, Wu M, Jin X, Shu R, Hu C, Xu T, Li J, Meng X, Cao X. (NH 4 ) 2 V 7 O 16 Microbricks as a Novel Anode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Battery with Good Cyclability. Chemistry 2021; 27:12341-12351. [PMID: 34196056 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Searching for novel anode materials to address the issues of poor cycle stability in the aqueous lithium-ion battery system is highly desirable. In this work, ammonium vanadium bronze (NH4 )2 V7 O16 with brick-like morphology has been investigated as an anode material for aqueous lithium-ion batteries and Li+ /Na+ hybrid ion batteries. The two novel full cell systems (NH4 )2 V7 O16 ||Li2 SO4 ||LiMn2 O4 and (NH4 )2 V7 O16 ||Na2 SO4 ||LiMn2 O4 both demonstrate good rate capability and excellent cycling performance. A capacity retention of 78.61 % after 500 cycles at 300 mA g-1 was demonstrated in the (NH4 )2 V7 O16 ||Li2 SO4 ||LiMn2 O4 system, whereas no capacity attenuation is observed in the (NH4 )2 V7 O16 ||Na2 SO4 ||LiMn2 O4 system. The reaction mechanisms of the (NH4 )2 V7 O16 electrode and impedance variation of the two full cells were also researched. The excellent cycling stability suggests that layered (NH4 )2 V7 O16 can be a promising anode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Ma
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Wu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Rui Shu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Hu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Tongxiang Xu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, 210031, P. R. China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Ma Y, Shu R, Xu T, Li J, Zhu D, Jin X, Wu M, Cao X. Self-assembled (NH 4) 2V 7O 16 hierarchical structures with improved electrochemical performance for aqueous Li-ion batteries. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(NH4)2V7O16 hierarchical structures were successfully prepared via a rotating hydrothermal method and exhibited superior long-term cyclic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Ma
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Tongxiang Xu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Mingchen Wu
- Department of Forensic Science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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