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Chazot CAC, Creighton MA, Hart AJ. Interfacial Photopolymerization: A Method for Light-Based Printing of Thermoplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37311094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) printing of photopolymers is a widely adopted manufacturing method because of its high resolution and throughput. However, available printable photopolymers are typically thermosets, resulting in challenges in postprocessing and recycling of printed structures. Here, we present a new process called interfacial photopolymerization (IPP) which enables photopolymerization printing of linear chain polymers. In IPP, a polymer film is formed at the interface between two immiscible liquids, one containing a chain-growth monomer and the other containing a photoinitiator. We demonstrate the integration of IPP in a proof-of-concept projection system for printing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films and rudimentary multi-layer shapes . IPP shows in-plane and out-of-plane resolutions comparable to conventional photoprinting methods. Cohesive PAN films with number-average molecular weights greater than 15 kg mol-1 are obtained, and to our knowledge this is the first report of photopolymerization printing of PAN. A macrokinetics model of IPP is developed to elucidate the transport and reaction rates involved and evaluate how reaction parameters affect film thickness and print speed. Last, demonstration of IPP in a multilayer scheme suggests its suitabiliy for three-dimensional printing of linear-chain polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile A C Chazot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan A Creighton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Design and experiment of a pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator. ROBOTICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0263574723000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the design and modeling of a novel pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator. The self-repairing soft actuator is composed of driving element, heating element, and repairing element. The driving element completes the deformation of the self-repairing soft actuator. The heating element and the repairing element complete the self-repairing function of the self-repairing soft actuator. A model used to optimize the structure is established, and the structure of the self-repairing soft actuator is determined through finite element analysis and experiment. The self-repairing time model of the soft actuator is established. The influences of different factors on the self-repairing effect and the self-repairing time are analyzed. The self-repairing scheme of the soft actuator is determined. Experiments show that the shortest time for the self-repairing soft actuator to complete the self-repairing process is 83 min. When the self-repairing soft actuator works normally, the bending angle can reach 129.8° and the bending force can reach 24.96 N. After repairing, the bending angle can reach 108.2°, and the bending force can reach 21.85 N. The repaired soft actuator can complete normal locomotion.
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Epoxy vitrimer based on borate ester bond for green degradation, closed-loop recycling, and ready reprocessing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Dynamic networks for polyimine with disulfide bond to obtain catalyst-free recyclability, multi-degradation and malleability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bai R, Zhang H, Yang X, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yan X. Supramolecular polymer networks crosslinked by crown ether-based host-guest recognition: dynamic materials with tailored mechanical properties in bulk. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) based on host-guest recognition have attracted much research attention to develop smart supramolecular materials. However, these researches mainly focus on SPNs in solution or in gel...
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Di Q, Li J, Zhang Z, Yu X, Tang B, Zhang H, Zhang H. Quantifiable stretching-induced fluorescence shifts of an elastically bendable and plastically twistable organic crystal. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15423-15428. [PMID: 34976364 PMCID: PMC8635174 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic crystals with mechanical stimulus-response properties are being developed increasingly nowadays. However, the studies involving tensile-responsive crystals are still lacking due to the strict requirement of crystals with good flexibility. In this work, an organic crystal with the ability of elastic bending and plastic twisting upon loading stress and shearing force, respectively, is reported. The deformability in different directions enables the crystal to be a model for tensile-responsive study. Indeed, blue shifts of fluorescence were observed when the tensile forces loaded upon the needle-shaped crystal were stretched to a certain degree. The mathematical correlation between emission wavelength changes and stretching strain was obtained for the first time, which proves that the crystal has a potential application for tension sensors. In addition, a low detection limit and high sensitivity enabled the crystal to have the ability to detect tension variations in precision instruments. Theoretical calculations and X-ray crystal structure analyses revealed the mechanism of emission wavelength shifts caused by molecular movement during the stretching process. The presented crystal successfully overcame the limitations of traditional mechanochromic organic crystals, which have difficulty in responding to tensile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhanrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Liu J, Sun X, Huang T, Zhang Y, Yao H, Wei T, Lin Q. Influence of Monomers’ Structure on the Assembly and Material Property of Pillar[5]
arene‐Based
Supramolecular Polymer Gels. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University (Northwest University for Nationalities), Xibei Xincun Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Xiao‐Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Ting‐Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - You‐Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Tai‐Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
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Zhu G, Hou Y, Xiang J, Xu J, Zhao N. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Healable and Recyclable Polymers with Tailorable Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34954-34961. [PMID: 34270889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming a revolutionary technique across various fields. Especially, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing shows advantages of high resolution and high efficiency. However, multifunctional monomers are commonly used to meet the rapid liquid-to-solid transformation during DLP printing, and the extensive production of unreprocessable thermosets will lead to resource waste and environmental problems. Here, we report a family of dynamic polymers with highly tailorable mechanical properties for DLP printing. The dynamic polymers cross-linked by ionic bonding and hydrogen bonding endow printed objects with excellent self-healing and recycling ability. The mechanical properties of printed objects can be easily tailored from soft elastomers to rigid plastics to satisfy practical applications. Taking advantage of the dynamic cross-linking, various assembling categories, including 2D to 3D, small to large 3D structures, and same to different materials assembly, and functional devices with a self-healing capacity can be realized. This study not only helps to address environmental issues caused by traditional DLP-printed thermosets but also realizes the on-demand fabrication of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Li Y, Yao C. Biomass Shape Memory Elastomers with Rapid Self-Healing Properties and High Recyclability. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2768-2776. [PMID: 34033462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomass bifunctional polyamide elastomers (BbPEs) were successfully prepared from dimer acid (DA), trimer acid (TA), and triethylenetetramine with shape memory and self-healing abilities. In the composition structure of BbPEs, vast hydrogen bonds formed among the amide bonds of different segments endowed the BbPEs with self-healing ability. At room temperature, the mechanical properties of BbPEs can be restored to 49% of the original condition after healing for 2 h. In addition, the physical and chemical cross-linking endowed the BbPE with preferable mechanical and shape memory properties. The tensile strength of the material is 4.4 ± 0.1 MPa, and the elongation at break reaches 1500 ± 2%. Under the recovery temperature of 60 °C, the shape memory recovery rate of 5 min can reach 95%. The recovery efficiency is 88.9%. This material can be utilized for many practical applications, such as intelligent electronic devices, bionic materials, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yingxue Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Jiang H, Cheng M, Ai C, Meng F, Mou Y, Sun S, Li C, Hu S. Surface modified halloysite nanotube enhanced imine-based epoxy composites with high self-healing efficiency and excellent mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00715g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(a) Schematic diagram of the self-healing mechanism. (b) Illustration of the cross-linking effect and the internal molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Caijiao Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yizeng Mou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shuangqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunling Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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