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Guo Y. Effect of Film Thickness on the Self-Assembly of CBABC Symmetric Pentablock Terpolymer Melts under 1D Confinement: A Dissipative Particle Dynamic Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6862. [PMID: 37959459 PMCID: PMC10648495 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the impact of film thickness on the phase behavior of pentablock terpolymers, denoted as C3B3A6B3C3, when subjected to wall confinement by utilizing the dissipative particle dynamics method. Phase diagrams were constructed to elucidate how factors such as block-block interaction strength, film thickness, and wall properties affect the self-assembly structures. In cases where the wall exhibits no preference for any of the blocks, lamellae phases with orientations perpendicular to the wall are observed. The order-disorder transition (ODT) temperature is found to be influenced by the interaction between the polymer and the wall in thin confinement scenarios. When the wall displays a preference for specific blocks, the orientation of lamellae structures undergoes variations. Lamellae tend to align parallel to the wall when the wall favors A or C blocks, and they orient perpendicularly when B blocks are favored. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the lamellae structures are related to the conformations of the polymer chains. Structures where chains predominantly adopt a loop conformation exhibit enhanced elastic properties. The ratio of looping to bridging conformations can be adjusted by altering the film thickness and wall selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Guo
- School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China
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Guo Y, Bai L. Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation for the Self-Assembly of Symmetric Pentablock Terpolymers Melts under 1D Confinements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3982. [PMID: 37836033 PMCID: PMC10575399 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase behavior of CBABC pentablock terpolymers confined in thin films is investigated using the Dissipative Particle Dynamic method. Phase diagrams are constructed and used to reveal how chain length (i-block length), block composition and wall selectivity influence the self-assembly structures. Under neutral walls, four categories of morphologies, i.e., perpendicular lamellae, core-shell types of microstructures, complex networks, and half-domain morphologies, are identified with the change in i-block length. Ordered structures are more common at weak polymer-polymer interaction strengths. For polymers of a consistent chain length, when one of the three components has a relatively smaller length, the morphologies transition is sensitive to block composition. With selective walls, parallel lamellae structures are prevalent. Wall selectivity also impacts chain conformations. While a large portion of chains form loop conformations under A-selective walls, more chains adopt bridge conformation when the wall prefers C-blocks. These findings offer insights for designing nanopatterns using symmetric pentablock terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Guo
- School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China
| | - Linqing Bai
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China;
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Han Y, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang Y. A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 37754130 PMCID: PMC10526154 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the advancements in modern living standards and technological development, conventional smart devices have proven inadequate in meeting the demands for a high-quality lifestyle. Therefore, a revolution is necessary to overcome this impasse and facilitate the emergence of flexible electronics. Specifically, there is a growing focus on health detection, necessitating advanced flexible preparation technology for biosensor-based smart wearable devices. Nowadays, numerous flexible products are available on the market, such as electronic devices with flexible connections, bendable LED light arrays, and flexible radio frequency electronic tags for storing information. The manufacturing process of these devices is relatively straightforward, and their integration is uncomplicated. However, their functionality remains limited. Further research is necessary for the development of more intricate applications, such as intelligent wearables and energy storage systems. Taking smart wear as an example, it is worth noting that the current mainstream products on the market primarily consist of bracelet-type health testing equipment. They exhibit limited flexibility and can only be worn on the wrist for measurement purposes, which greatly limits their application diversity. Flexible energy storage and flexible display also face the same problem, so there is still a lot of room for development in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the developmental history of flexible devices, systematically summarizing representative preparation methods and typical applications, identifying challenges, proposing solutions, and offering prospects for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaqun Wang
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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Mendoza C, Nirwan VP, Fahmi A. Nanofabrication of hybrid nanomaterials: Macroscopically aligned nanoparticles pattern via directed self‐assembly of block copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viraj Pratap Nirwan
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics Rhine‐Waal University of Applied Sciences Kleve Germany
| | - Amir Fahmi
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics Rhine‐Waal University of Applied Sciences Kleve Germany
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Zenati A. Triblock Azo copolymers: RAFT synthesis, properties, thin film self-assembly and applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmen Zenati
- Refining and Petrochemistry, Division of Method and Operation, Sonatrach, Arzew, Algeria
- Central Directorate of Research and Development, Sonatrach, Boumerdes, Algeria
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Kim YC, Kim SY. A Single Crystal 2D Hexagonal Array in a Centimeter Scale with a Self-Directed Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Spheres. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3870-3880. [PMID: 35179365 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The creation of a single-grain two-dimensional (2D) nanoarray over a large area (∼1 cm2) has been only realized with expensive lithographic fabrication involving a complicated multichemical process. In this work, we report the production of a highly aligned single-grain 2D crystalline nanoarray over a centimeter-scale large area with a concept of self-directed assembly (SDA) in block copolymer (BCP) thin films. No lithographic guiding pattern is employed in SDA. A sphere-forming BCP is first transformed to transient-cylinders and aligned with shear. The aligned cylinders act as a guiding pattern to restore the sphere-morphology producing a single-grain 2D crystalline array with the following solvent vapor annealing. The SDA process has two governing parameters: orientational order of guiding patterns in the first step and the lattice matching between the transient guiding cylinders and the restored spheres. The successful application of SDA yields a single-grain of 2D crystalline hexagonal nanoarray with an exceptional long-range order, which is confirmed by employing image treating algorithms and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements. The suggested SDA strategy is found to be effective for large-scale nanopatterning with no lithographic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhou G, Li P, Ge M, Wang J, Chen S, Nie Y, Wang Y, Qin M, Huang G, Lin D, Wang H, Yang L. Controlling the Shrinkage of 3D Hot Spot Droplets as a Microreactor for Quantitative SERS Detection of Anticancer Drugs in Serum Using a Handheld Raman Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4831-4840. [PMID: 35254058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement is one of the ultimate targets for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), but it suffers from difficulties in controlling the uniformity of hot spots and placing the target molecules in the hot spot space. Here, a convenient approach of three-phase equilibrium controlling the shrinkage of three-dimensional (3D) hot spot droplets has been demonstrated for the quantitative detection of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in serum using a handheld Raman spectrometer. Droplet shrinkage, triggered by the shaking of aqueous nanoparticle (NP) colloids with immiscible oil chloroform (CHCl3) after the addition of negative ions and acetone, not only brings the nanoparticles in close proximity but can also act as a microreactor to enhance the spatial enrichment capability of the analyte in plasmonic sites and thereby realize simultaneously controlling 3D hot spots and placing target molecules in hot spots. Moreover, the shrinking process of Ag colloid droplets has been investigated using a high-speed camera, an in situ transmission electron microscope (in situ TEM), and a dark-field microscope (DFM), demonstrating the high stability and uniformity of nanoparticles in droplets. The shrunk Ag NP droplets exhibit excellent SERS sensitivity and reproducibility for the quantitative analysis of 5-FU over a large range of 50-1000 ppb. Hence, it is promising for quantitative analysis of complex systems and long-term monitoring of bioreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhou
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Meihong Ge
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuman Nie
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yaoxiong Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Miao Qin
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guangyao Huang
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dongyue Lin
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Luo L, Tang Z, Yang W, Liu D, Shen Z, Fan XH. Thickness-Dependent Photo-Aligned Thin-Film Morphologies of a Block Copolymer Containing an Azobenzene-Based Liquid Crystalline Polymer and a Poly(ionic liquid). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9774-9784. [PMID: 34342997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced alignment of the thin-film morphologies of azobenzene-containing block copolymers (BCPs) is an effective method to obtain a uniaxial pattern of nanocylinders. Although film thickness is an important factor affecting the self-assembly of BCP thin films, the influence of film thickness on the photo-induced alignment of BCP thin-film morphology has never been systematically studied. Herein, we report the thickness-dependent photo-aligned film morphologies of the BCP containing an azobenzene-based liquid crystalline polymer and a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), with a perfect uniaxial pattern of PIL nanocylinders. For films aligned with the unpolarized light (UPL), the out-of-plane PIL nanocylinders can be obtained in the film with a thickness of only 1L0 (∼30 nm, where L0 is the layer spacing of the hexagonally packed cylinder array), which is far lower than the thickness (more than 4L0) of the thermally annealed film needed to obtain the same morphology. This change is attributed to the orientation effect of UPL on azobenzene mesogens that suppresses the excluded volume effect. For the films aligned with linearly polarized light (LPL), to take advantage of the excluded volume effect to obtain the planar orientation of azobenzene mesogens, the thickness should be controlled to be no more than 3L0 to achieve an in-plane uniaxial alignment of PIL nanocylinders. The above relationship between the morphology and thickness of photo-aligned film eliminates the obstacles encountered in preparing films with well-ordered photo-aligned morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhehao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weilu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-He Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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