1
|
Parambath JBM, Vijai Anand K, Alawadhi H, Mohamed AA. Flexible Copper Films Modification via Spontaneous Reduction of Aryldiazonium Gold Salts: Unraveling Surface Properties and Energy Profile. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9797-9808. [PMID: 38669636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report the modification of flexible copper films via the spontaneous reduction of aryldiazonium gold salts [X-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 (X═COOH, NO2). The electroless modification involves dipping of flexible copper films in the aryldiazonium gold solutions for a few seconds, under ambient conditions, followed by a washing step with deionized water to obtain a mechanically robust gold-aryl coating. The chemical composition, morphology, electronic structure, and optical properties of the gold-aryl layer and the flexibility of the modified copper films are supported by the results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). XPS surface analysis showed metallic gold in addition to C-C, C-O/C-N, and C═O functional groups from the grafted aryls. Cu 2p showed metallic copper as a major component and a small amount of Cu(II) ions. Wettability studies showed that Au-COOH@Cu increased the contact angle of the bare copper films from 68.0 ± 0.7° to 82.0° ± 0.7°, while Au-NO2@Cu increased the contact angle to 134.0° ± 0.3°. UPS energy profile analysis of [HOOC-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 (valence band maximum = 1.91 eV) exhibited greater reducibility than [O2N-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 (valence band maximum = 2.91 eV). The lower ionization potential of [HOOC-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 (IP = 4.33 eV) enhanced the reactivity upon copper film contact, potentially inducing efficient energy level alignment, compared with [O2N-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 (IP = 5.62 eV). UPS results were further supported by electrochemistry investigation which revealed that [HOOC-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4 is easily reducible compared with [O2N-4-C6H4N≡N]AuCl4. The findings presented here hold significant implications for developing flexible copper films and pave the way for future advancements in electronic material modification for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad B M Parambath
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kabali Vijai Anand
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hussain Alawadhi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Applied Physics & Astronomy, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Billon J, Omelchuk A, Shkirskiy V, Dabos-Seignon S, Alévêque O, Levillain E, Breton T, Gautier C. An innovative method for controlled synthesis of bicomponent monolayer films obtained by reduction of diazonium. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19213-19218. [PMID: 37987201 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03946c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel method based on the electrochemical co-reduction of two aryldiazonium salts, enabling the synthesis of controlled two-component monolayer thin films on carbon in a single step. By introducing a 12-carbon alkyl chain as a spacer between the aryldiazonium function and the functional group, precise control over film thickness and composition was achieved. The alkyl chain effectively standardizes the reduction potential, enabling the equalization of reactivity and precise stoichiometric control. Experimental results from spectroscopic, electrochemical, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses validate the effectiveness of the method in controlling the composition of the mixed layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billon
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Anna Omelchuk
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | | | | | - Olivier Alévêque
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Eric Levillain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | - Tony Breton
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martinez B, Leroux YR, Hapiot P, Henry CS. Surface Modification of Thermoplastic Electrodes for Biosensing Applications via Copper-Catalyzed Click Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37874977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), also known as click chemistry, has been demonstrated to be highly robust while providing versatile surface chemistry. One specific application is biosensor fabrication. Recently, we developed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) as an alternative to traditional carbon composite electrodes in terms of cost, performance, and robustness. However, their applications in biosensing are currently limited due to a lack of facile methods for electrode modification. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using CuAAC following the diazonium grafting of TPEs to take advantage of two powerful technologies for developing a customizable and versatile biosensing platform. After a stepwise characterization of the electrode modification procedures was performed, electrodes were modified with model affinity reagents. Streptavidin and streptavidin-conjugated IgG antibodies were successfully immobilized on the TPE surface, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandaise Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Yann R Leroux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Perez OM, Lavergne D, Rasu L, Murphy E, Galvez-Rodriguez A, Bergens SH. One-Step Electropolymerization of a Dicyanobenzene-Carbazole-Imidazole Dye to Prepare Photoactive Redox Polymer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3340. [PMID: 37631397 PMCID: PMC10457835 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first direct electropolymerization of a dicyanobenzene-carbazole dye functionalized with an imidazole group to prepare redox- and photoactive porous organic polymer (POP) films in controlled amounts. The POP films were grown on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) and carbon surfaces using a new monomer, 1-imidazole-2,4,6-tri(carbazol-9-yl)-3,5-dicyanobenzene (1, 3CzImIPN), through a simple one-step process. The structure and activities of the POP films were investigated as photoelectrodes for electrooxidations, as heterogeneous photocatalysts for photosynthetic olefin isomerizations, and for solid-state photoluminescence behavior tunable by lithium-ion concentrations in solution. The results demonstrate that the photoredox-POPs can be used as efficient photocatalysts, and they have potential applications in sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven H. Bergens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pichereau L, Fillaud L, Kostopoulos N, Maisonhaute E, Cauchy T, Allain M, Noël JM, Gautier C, Breton T. Highly Reactive Diazenyl Radical Species Evidenced during Aryldiazonium Electroreduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11866-11871. [PMID: 36520548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental reassessment of the widely admitted concerted reduction mechanism for diazonium electroreduction. Ultrafast cyclic voltammetry was exploited to demonstrate the existence of a stepwise pathway, and real-time spectroelectrochemistry experiments allowed visualization of the spectral signature of an evolution product of the phenyldiazenyl radical intermediate. Unambiguous identification of the diazenyl species was achieved by radical trapping followed by X-ray structure resolution. The electrochemical generation of this transient under intermediate energetic conditions calls into question our comprehension of the layer structuration when surface modification is achieved via the diazonium electrografting technique as this azo-containing intermediate could be responsible for the systematic presence of azo bridges in nanometric films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Pichereau
- Université Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Laure Fillaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Université Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Université Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Gautier
- Université Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Tony Breton
- Université Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao L, Wu Y, Hang T, Li M. Covalent Grafting of Dielectric Films on Cu(111) Surface via Electrochemical Reduction of Aryl Diazonium Salts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14969-14980. [PMID: 36394474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent grafting of dielectric films containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the surface of Cu(111) is performed by a one-step electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts. This method is efficient and economic and performs in a proton-polar solvent of deionized water and tetrahydrofuran (THF), where the monomer employs an octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) containing a POSS core. The eight vinyl bonds contained in OVS are used to participate in aryl radical-initiated polymerization reactions to form films. The formed film is dense and covers the copper surface completely and uniformly. The thickness of the film can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time. The components of the films are mainly polynitrophenyl (PNP) or polyaminophenyl (PAP) as well as poly(octavinylsilsesquioxane) (POVS), and the POVS content could be adjusted by the applied voltage. The introduction of POSS prevents the copper surface from being oxidized and often gives the film good properties such as good dielectric properties, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. In addition, the presence of Cu-O-C and Cu-C bonds between the film and copper interface is confirmed at different film thicknesses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which allowed the construction of covalent bonds between metal and nonmetal, further enhancing the bonding between the film and copper. Organic films prepared by electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts using OVS as a monomer will have potential significance for the future development of the electronics industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Electro-polymerization rates of diazonium salts are dependent on the crystal orientation of the surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:985-994. [PMID: 35839679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electro-polymerization of diazonium salts is widely used for modifying surfaces with thin organic films. Initially this method was primarily applied to carbon, then to metals, and more recently to semiconducting Si. Unlike on other surfaces, electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts on Si, which is one of the most industrially dominant material, is not well understood. Here, we report the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts on a range of silicon electrodes of different crystal orientations (111, 211, 311, 411, and 100). We show that the kinetics of surface reaction and the reduction potential is Si crystal-facet dependent and is more favorable in the hierarchical order (111) > (211) > (311) > (411) > (100), a finding that offers control over the surface chemistry of diazonium salts on Si. The dependence of the surface reaction kinetics on the crystal orientation was found to be directly related to differences in the potential of zero charge (PZC) of each crystal orientation, which in turn controls the adsorption of the diazonium cations prior to reduction. Another consequence of the effect of PZC on the adsorption of diazonium cations, is that molecules terminated by distal diazonium moieties form a compact film in less time and requires less reduction potentials compared to that formed from diazonium molecules terminated by only one diazo moiety. In addition, at higher concentrations of diazonium cations, the mechanism of electrochemical polymerization on the surface becomes PZC-controlled adsorption-dominated inner-sphere electron transfer while at lower concentrations, diffusion-based outer-sphere electron transfer dominates. These findings help understanding the electro-polymerization reaction of diazonium salts on Si en route towards an integrated molecular and Si electronics technology.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang HX, Guo RL, Zhang XL, Wang MY, Zhao BY, Gao YR, Jia Q, Wang YQ. Synthesis of Acyl Hydrazides via a Radical Chemistry of Azocarboxylic tert-Butyl Esters. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6573-6587. [PMID: 35522737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new chemistry of azo compounds, that is, addition of free radicals generated in situ to access various acyl hydrazides, has been developed. The protocol provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of valuable acyl hydrazides. The transformation features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance of functional groups, and a broad substrate scope. In view of the importance of acyl hydrazides in functional materials and medicinal chemistry, this approach would find broad applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stanfield MK, Dilger M, Hayne DJ, Emonson NS, Barlow A, Boase NRB, Gahan LR, Krenske EH, Pinson J, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC. Examining the Role of Aryldiazonium Salts in Surface Electroinitiated Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4979-4995. [PMID: 35417182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the irreversible reduction of aryldiazonium salts has provided a reliable method to modify surfaces, demonstrating a catalogue of suitable diazonium salts for targeted applications. This work expands the knowledge of diazonium salt chemistry to participate in surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization (SEEP). The influence of concentration, electronic effects, and steric hindrance/regiochemistry of the diazonium salt initiator on the production of polymeric films is examined. The objective of this work is to determine if a polymer film can be tailored, controlling the thickness, density, and surface homogeneity using specific diazonium chemistry. The data presented herein demonstrate a significant difference in polymer films that can be achieved when selecting a variety of diazonium salts and vinylic monomers. A clear trend aligns with the electron-rich diazonium salt substitution providing the thickest films (up to 70.9 ± 17.8 nm) with increasing diazonium concentration and electron-withdrawing substitution achieving optimal homogeneity for the surface of the film at a 5 mM diazonium concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Stanfield
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Melvin Dilger
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David J Hayne
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Emonson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Anders Barlow
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform (MCFP), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nathan R B Boase
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jean Pinson
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bauer M, Pfeifer K, Luo X, Radinger H, Ehrenberg H, Scheiba F. Functionalization of Graphite Electrodes with Aryl Diazonium Salts for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bauer
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kristina Pfeifer
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Xianlin Luo
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hannes Radinger
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Frieder Scheiba
- Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Luo J, Song P, Ding Y, Xia L. Novel Clarification of Surface Plasmon Coupling Reactions of Aromatic Alkynamine and Nitro Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1165-1172. [PMID: 35036779 PMCID: PMC8756794 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a theoretical and experimental approach for the coupling of 4-ethynylaniline (4-APA) and 4-ethynylnitrobenzene (4-NPA) in the theoretical application of density functional theory (DFT) and experimental monitoring of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The results support electromagnetic enhancement to drive the conversion of aromatic alkynamine and nitro compounds and regulation by the catalytic coupling reaction conditions. In addition, this work investigates the adsorption site effect of surface plasmon coupling reactions of 4-APA and 4-NPA molecules into alkynyl azo compounds. This study presents theoretical and experimental images used to analyze the plasmon-driven surface catalytic reaction system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Department
of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Jibiao Luo
- Department
of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department
of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department
of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
- Yingkou
Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Billon J, Shkirskiy V, Dabos-Seignon S, Breton T, Gautier C. No more compromise: A facile route towards functionalized surfaces with stable monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14294-14298. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The results reported in this study clearly show that it is possible to easily control the formation of a functional monolayer by spontaneous reduction of an aryldiazonium salt on gold...
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu T, Fitchett CM, Downard AJ. Para-Fluoro-Thiol Reaction on Anchor Layers Grafted from an Aryldiazonium Salt: A Tool for Surface Functionalization with Thiols. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11397-11405. [PMID: 34520216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new coupling reaction, the para-fluoro-thiol (PFT) reaction, activated by base at room temperature, is reported for carbon surface functionalization. 4-Nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) and (3-nitrobenzyl)mercaptan (3-NBM) were coupled to pentafluorophenyl (F5-Ph) anchor layers grafted from the aryldiazonium ion formed in situ. The relative yields of the PFT reactions, estimated from the electrochemical responses of coupled nitrophenyl (NP) and nitrobenzyl (NB) groups, depended on the nucleophilicity of the thiolate and the strength of the base. The highest surface concentration (4.6 × 10-10 mol cm-2) was obtained using 3-NBM in the presence of [Bu4N]OH; this concentration corresponds to the maximum that is typically achieved for other high-yielding coupling reactions at aryldiazonium ion anchor layers. The PFT reaction is expected to be applicable to the numerous thiol derivatives commonly restricted to self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation at gold and other noble metals, thereby opening a simple new approach for interface design on carbon substrates. The strategy may also have advantages for modification of gold surfaces: the layer prepared by coupling 3-NBM to F5-Ph films on gold was found to be more stable to storage under ambient conditions than self-assembled monolayers of 3-NBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pernik I, Desmecht A, Messerle BA, Hermans S, Riant O. Dendrimeric and Corresponding Monometallic Iridium(III) Catalysts Bound to Carbon Nanotubes Used in Hydroamination Transformations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Pernik
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Antonin Desmecht
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST) UCLouvain Place Louis Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sophie Hermans
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST) UCLouvain Place Louis Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST) UCLouvain Place Louis Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmad AAL, Marutheri Parambath JB, Postnikov PS, Guselnikova O, Chehimi MM, Bruce MRM, Bruce AE, Mohamed AA. Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8897-8907. [PMID: 34291926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modified colloids and flat surfaces occupy an important place in materials science research due to their widespread applications. Interest in the development of modifiers that adhere strongly to surfaces relates to the need for stability under ambient conditions in many applications. Diazonium salts have evolved as the primary choice for the modification of surfaces. The term "diazonics" has been introduced in the literature to describe "the science and technology of aryldiazonium salt-derived materials". The facile reduction of diazonium salts via chemical or electrochemical processes, irradiation stimuli, or spontaneously results in the efficient modification of gold surfaces. Robust gold-aryl nanoparticles, where gold is connected to the aryl ring through bonding to carbon and films modified by using diazonium salts, are critical in electronics, sensors, medical implants, and materials for power sources. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that gold-carbon interactions constructed via chemical reactions with diazonium salts are stronger than nondiazonium surface modifiers. This invited feature article summarizes the conceptual development of recent studies of diazonium salts in our laboratories and others with a focus on the surface modification of gold nanostructures, flat surfaces and gratings, and their applications in nanomedicine engineering, sensors, energy, forensic science, and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A L Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | | | - Pavel S Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Mohamed Mehdi Chehimi
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mitchell R M Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Alice E Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodríguez González MC, Leonhardt A, Stadler H, Eyley S, Thielemans W, De Gendt S, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Multicomponent Covalent Chemical Patterning of Graphene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10618-10627. [PMID: 34047547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical patterning of graphene is being pursued tenaciously due to exciting possibilities in electronics, catalysis, sensing, and photonics. Despite the intense efforts, spatially controlled, multifunctional covalent patterning of graphene has not been achieved. The lack of control originates from the inherently poor reactivity of the basal plane of graphene, which necessitates the use of harsh chemistries. Here, we demonstrate spatially resolved multicomponent covalent chemical patterning of single layer graphene using a facile and efficient method. Three different functional groups could be covalently attached to the basal plane in dense, well-defined patterns using a combination of lithography and a self-limiting variant of diazonium chemistry requiring no need for graphene activation. The layer thickness of the covalent films could be controlled down to 1 nm. This work provides a solid foundation for the fabrication of chemically patterned multifunctional graphene interfaces for device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Rodríguez González
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Leonhardt
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Stadler
- Bruker Nanoscience Division, Östliche Rheinbrückenstr. 49, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|