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Dementyev P, Gölzhäuser A. Anti-Arrhenius passage of gaseous molecules through nanoporous two-dimensional membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6949-6955. [PMID: 38334442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The passage of molecules through membranes is known to follow an Arrhenius-like kinetics, i.e. the flux is accelerated upon heating and vice versa. There exist though stepwise processes whose rates can decrease with temperature if, for example, adsorbed intermediates are involved. In this study, we perform temperature-variable permeation experiments in the range from -50 to +50 °C and observe anti-Arrhenius behaviour of water and ammonia permeating in two-dimensional freestanding carbon nanomembranes (CNMs). The permeation rate of water vapour is found to decrease many-fold with warming, while the passage of ammonia molecules strongly increases when the membrane is cooled down to the dew point. Liquefaction of isobutylene shows no enhancement for its transmembrane flux which is consistent with the material's pore architecture. The effects are described by the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship and highlight the key role of gas-surface interactions in two-dimensional membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dementyev
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Aizudin M, Alias NH, Ng YXA, Mahmod Fadzuli MH, Ang SC, Ng YX, Poolamuri Pottammel R, Yang F, Ang EH. Membranes prepared from graphene-based nanomaterials for water purification: a mini-review. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17871-17886. [PMID: 36468603 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBnMs) are currently regarded as a critical building block for the fabrication of membranes for water purification due to their advantageous properties such as easy surface modification of functional groups, adjustable interlayer pore channels for solvent transportation, robust mechanical properties, and superior photothermal capabilities. By combining graphene derivatives with other emerging materials, heteroatom doping and rational design of a three-dimensional network can enhance water transportation and evaporation rates through channels of GBnM laminates and such layered structures have been applied in various water purification technologies. Herein, this mini-review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of GBnMs and their applications in water treatment technologies, specifically, nanofiltration (NF) and solar desalination (SD). Finally, personal perspectives on the challenges and future directions of this promising nanomaterial are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliyana Aizudin
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Nur Hashimah Alias
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Yun Xin Angel Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Haikal Mahmod Fadzuli
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Seng Chuan Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Yi Xun Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | | | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang 212003, China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
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Yuan Z, He G, Li SX, Misra RP, Strano MS, Blankschtein D. Gas Separations using Nanoporous Atomically Thin Membranes: Recent Theoretical, Simulation, and Experimental Advances. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201472. [PMID: 35389537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous graphene and other atomically thin 2D materials are regarded as highly promising membrane materials for high-performance gas separations due to their atomic thickness, large-scale synthesizability, excellent mechanical strength, and chemical stability. When these atomically thin materials contain a high areal density of gas-sieving nanoscale pores, they can exhibit both high gas permeances and high selectivities, which is beneficial for reducing the cost of gas-separation processes. Here, recent modeling and experimental advances in nanoporous atomically thin membranes for gas separations is discussed. The major challenges involved, including controlling pore size distributions, scaling up the membrane area, and matching theory with experimental results, are also highlighted. Finally, important future directions are proposed for real gas-separation applications of nanoporous atomically thin membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guangwei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sylvia Xin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Qi Y, Westphal M, Khayya N, Ennen I, Peters T, Cremer J, Anselmetti D, Reiss G, Hütten A, Gölzhäuser A, Dementyev P. Thickness-Varied Carbon Nanomembranes from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9433-9441. [PMID: 35157431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prospects of intrinsically porous planar nanomaterials in separation applications, their synthesis on a large scale remains challenging. In particular, preparing water-selective carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is limited by the cost of epitaxial metal substrates and molecular precursors with specific chemical functionalities. In this work, we present a facile fabrication of CNMs from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are drop-cast onto arbitrary supports, including foils and metalized films. The electron-induced carbonization is shown to result in continuous membranes of variable thickness, and the material is characterized with a number of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Permeation measurements with freestanding membranes reveal a high degree of porosity, but the selectivity is found to strongly depend on the thickness. While the permeance of helium remains almost the same for 6.5 and 3.0 nm thick CNMs, water permeance increases by 2 orders of magnitude. We rationalize the membrane performance with the help of kinetic modeling and vapor adsorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Qi
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Westphal
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Neita Khayya
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Inga Ennen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Peters
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Cremer
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Günter Reiss
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petr Dementyev
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Naberezhnyi D, Park S, Li W, Westphal M, Feng X, Dong R, Dementyev P. Mass Transfer in Boronate Ester 2D COF Single Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104392. [PMID: 34713582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unlike graphene and similar structures, 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) exhibit intrinsic porosity with a high areal density of well-defined and uniform openings. Given the pore size adjustability, 2D COFs are likely to outperform artificially perforated inorganic layers with respect to their prospects in membrane separation. Yet, exploring the mass transport in 2D COFs is hidden by the lack of laterally extended free-standing membranes. This work reports on direct molecular permeation measurements with single crystals of an interfacially synthesized boronate ester 2D COF. In accordance with the material topography, the atmospheric and noble gases readily pass the suspended nanosheets while their areal porosity is quantified to be almost 40% exceeding that in any 2D membranes known. However, bulkier aromatic hydrocarbons are found to deviate substantially from Graham's law of diffusion. Counterintuitively, the permeation rate is demonstrated to rise from benzene to toluene and further to xylene despite the increase in the molecular mass and dimensions. The results are interpreted in terms of adsorption-mediated flow that appears to be an important transport mechanism for microporous planar nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Naberezhnyi
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - SangWook Park
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Westphal
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petr Dementyev
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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