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Li Z, Bhardwaj A, He J, Zhang W, Tran TT, Li Y, McClung A, Nuguri S, Watkins JJ, Lee SW. Nanoporous amorphous carbon nanopillars with lightweight, ultrahigh strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8151. [PMID: 39289352 PMCID: PMC11408730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous achievement of lightweight, ultrahigh strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability is challenging because some of these mechanical properties are mutually exclusive. Here, we utilize self-assembled polymeric carbon precursor materials in combination with scalable nano-imprinting lithography to produce nanoporous carbon nanopillars. Remarkably, nanoporosity induced via sacrificial template significantly reduces the mass density of amorphous carbon to 0.66 ~ 0.82 g cm-3 while the yield and fracture strengths of nanoporous carbon nanopillars are higher than those of most engineering materials with the similar mass density. Moreover, these nanopillars display both elastic and plastic behavior with large fracture strain. A reversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition produces large elastic strain and a high loss factor (up to 0.033) comparable to Ni-Ti shape memory alloys. The irreversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition enables plastic deformation, leading to a large fracture strain of up to 35%. These findings are substantiated using simulation studies. None of the existing structural materials exhibit a comparable combination of mass density, strength, deformability, and damping capability. Hence, the results of this study illustrate the potential of both dense and nanoporous amorphous carbon materials as superior structural nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
| | - Ayush Bhardwaj
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jinlong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew McClung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 100 Natural Resources Rd, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sravya Nuguri
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA.
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Liu T, Jiang Z, Liu J. Novel seed-assisted synthesis of indium tin oxide submicro-cubes and their resistivity. Front Chem Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Shimasaki Y, Matsuno T, Guo Q, Shimojima A, Wada H, Mori T, Kuroda K. Preparation of mesoporous nitrogen-doped titania comprising large crystallites with low thermal conductivity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2509-2520. [PMID: 36134133 PMCID: PMC9417602 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the thermal conductivity (κ) of mesoporous N-doped titania (TiO2) is crucial for the development of TiO2-based materials that exhibit excellent electronic, photochemical, and thermoelectric properties. Mesopores can contribute to the reduction of κ via phonon scattering, and the scattering effect due to the randomness of crystal interfaces should be significantly reduced to clarify the role of mesopores in reducing thermal conductivity. Highly ordered mesoporous N-doped TiO2 comprising large crystallites was prepared with silica colloidal crystals as a template into which a Ti source was introduced, followed by calcination with urea. N-doped samples comprising large crystallites exhibiting random mesopores were also prepared and used for the investigation of the effects of the shape and arrangement of the mesopore on phonon scattering. The mesostructures of the two separately prepared N-doped TiO2 samples were retained after sintering at 873 K and 80 MPa to fabricate pellets. Furthermore, the effective suppression of the long mean-free-path phonon conduction by the thin pore walls at a nanometer scale thickness significantly reduced the thermal conductivities of both samples. The presence of ordered mesopores further contributed to the reduction of κ, which was probably due to the enhanced contribution of the backscattering of phonons caused by ordered pore wall surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shimasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takamichi Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Quansheng Guo
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan
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Hadden M, Martinez-Martin D, Yong KT, Ramaswamy Y, Singh G. Recent Advancements in the Fabrication of Functional Nanoporous Materials and Their Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062111. [PMID: 35329563 PMCID: PMC8950633 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanoporous materials are categorized as an important class of nanostructured materials because of their tunable porosity and pore geometry (size, shape, and distribution) and their unique chemical and physical properties as compared with other nanostructures and bulk counterparts. Progress in developing a broad spectrum of nanoporous materials has accelerated their use for extensive applications in catalysis, sensing, separation, and environmental, energy, and biomedical areas. The purpose of this review is to provide recent advances in synthesis strategies for designing ordered or hierarchical nanoporous materials of tunable porosity and complex architectures. Furthermore, we briefly highlight working principles, potential pitfalls, experimental challenges, and limitations associated with nanoporous material fabrication strategies. Finally, we give a forward look at how digitally controlled additive manufacturing may overcome existing obstacles to guide the design and development of next-generation nanoporous materials with predefined properties for industrial manufacturing and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hadden
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.H.); (D.M.-M.); (K.-T.Y.)
| | - David Martinez-Martin
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.H.); (D.M.-M.); (K.-T.Y.)
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.H.); (D.M.-M.); (K.-T.Y.)
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.H.); (D.M.-M.); (K.-T.Y.)
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.H.); (D.M.-M.); (K.-T.Y.)
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (G.S.)
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