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Zhao D, Zhang C, Ren J, Li S, Wu Y, Sun Q, Hao Y. Buried Interface Optimization for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Mechanical Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308364. [PMID: 38054792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are significantly reduced by defect-induced charge non-radiative recombination. Also, unexpected residual strain in perovskite films leads to an unfavorable impact on the stability and efficiency of PSCs, notably flexible PSCs (f-PSCs). Considering these problems, a thorough and effective strategy is proposed by incorporating phytic acid (PA) into SnO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL). With the addition of PA, the Sn inherent dangling bonds are passivated effectively and thus enhance the conductivity and electron mobility of SnO2 ETL. Meanwhile, the crystallization quality of perovskite is increased largely. Therefore, the interface/bulk defects are reduced. Besides, the residual strain of perovskite film is significantly reduced and the energy level alignment at the SnO2/perovskite interface becomes more matched. As a result, the champion f-PSC obtains a PCE of 21.08% and rigid PSC obtains a PCE of 21.82%, obviously surpassing the PCE of 18.82% and 19.66% of the corresponding control devices. Notably, the optimized f-PSCs exhibit outstanding mechanical durability, after 5000 cycles of bending with a 5 mm bending radius, the SnO2-PA-based device preserves 80% of the initial PCE, while the SnO2-based device only remains 49% of the initial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjie Zhao
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jingkun Ren
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yukun Wu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Qinjun Sun
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yuying Hao
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
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Wu B, Wan Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhu Z, Gao D. Sulfonate-Containing Polyelectrolytes for Perovskite Modification: Chemical Configuration, Property, and Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300629. [PMID: 38134957 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Three sulfonate-containing polyelectrolytes are elaborately designed and used to passivate perovskite film with the anti-solvent method. Under the influence of the secondary monomer, three copolymers present various chemical configurations and deliver different modification effects. Fluorene-thiophene copolymer STF has linear and highly-conjugated chain. STF-perovskite film presents large crystal grains. Fluorene-carbazole copolymer SCF has flexible chain and easily enters into grain boundary areas. SCF-perovskite film is homogenous and continuous. Fluorene-fluorene copolymer SPF agglomerates on the surface and is not applicable to the anti-solvent method. The full investigation demonstrates that STF and SCF not only conduct surface defect passivation, but also improve the film quality by being involved in the perovskite's crystallization process. Compared with the control device, the devices with STF and SCF deliver high efficiency and excellent stability. The unencapsulated devices with STF and SCT maintain ≈80% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 40 days of storage under 30-40% relative humidity. SCF performs better and the device maintains 60% of the initial PCE after 20 days of storage under 60-80% relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Wan
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Gao
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Zanoni KPS, Pérez-Del-Rey D, Dreessen C, Rodkey N, Sessolo M, Soltanpoor W, Morales-Masis M, Bolink HJ. Tin(IV) Oxide Electron Transport Layer via Industrial-Scale Pulsed Laser Deposition for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37368062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETL) based on tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) are recurrently employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by many deposition techniques. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers a few advantages for the fabrication of such layers, such as being compatible with large scale, patternable, and allowing deposition at fast rates. However, a precise understanding of how the deposition parameters can affect the SnO2 film, and as a consequence the solar cell performance, is needed. Herein, we use a PLD tool equipped with a droplet trap to minimize the number of excess particles (originated from debris) reaching the substrate, and we show how to control the PLD chamber pressure to obtain surfaces with very low roughness and how the concentration of oxygen in the background gas can affect the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. Using optimized deposition conditions, we obtained solar cells in the n-i-p configuration employing methylammonium lead iodide perovskite as the absorber layer with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18% and identical performance to devices having the more typical atomic layer deposited SnO2 ETL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassio P S Zanoni
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Del-Rey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Chris Dreessen
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nathan Rodkey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Wiria Soltanpoor
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Morales-Masis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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Xiao B, Li X, Yi Z, Luo Y, Jiang Q, Yang J. High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a Reduced Energy Barrier and Enhanced Charge Extraction via a Na 2WO 4-Modified SnO 2 Electron Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7962-7971. [PMID: 35119820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) has been commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells (p-PSCs) because it can be prepared by a low-temperature solution-processed method. However, the device performance has been restricted due to the limited electrical performance of SnO2 and its mismatched energy level alignment with the perovskite absorber. Considering these problems, sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) has been employed to modify the SnO2 ETL. The conduction band minimum of SnO2 increases and the defects at the ETL/perovskite interface decrease by the modification of the SnO2 ETL with Na2WO4, thus reducing the energy barrier between the ETL and perovskite. In addition, the electron extraction ability has been enhanced and the interface recombination between the ETL and perovskite has also been inhibited. As a result, the photovoltaic performance of p-PSCs based on the modified ETL has been improved, and a champion power conversion efficiency of 21.16% has been achieved compared with the control device of 17.30% with an open circuit voltage increased from 1.075 to 1.162 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Zijun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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