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Zhu X, Bi C, Cao W, Li S, Yuan C, Xu P, Wang D, Chen Q, Zhang L. A self-assembled copper-artemisinin nanoprodrug as an efficient reactive oxygen species amplified cascade system for cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39206758 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a tumor-specific intervention methodology, which is based on the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content by triggering the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, there are still challenges in achieving high-efficiency CDT on account of both the limited intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and delivery efficiency of Fenton metal ions. Copper-based nanotherapeutic systems have attracted extensive attention and have been widely applied in the construction of nanotherapeutic systems and multimodal synergistic therapy. Herein, we propose a strategy to synergize chemotherapy drugs that upregulate intracellular ROS content with chemodynamic therapy and construct an artemisinin-copper nanoprodrug for proof-of-concept. With the proposed biomimetic self-assembly strategy, we successfully construct an injectable nanoprodrug with suitable size distribution and high drug loading content (68.1 wt%) through the self-assembly of amphiphilic artemisinin prodrug and copper ions. After reaching the TME, both Cu2+ ions and free AH drugs can be released from AHCu nanoprodrugs. Subsequently, the disassembled Cu2+ ions are converted into Cu+ ions by consuming the intracellular GSH. The generated Cu+ ions serve as a highly efficient Fenton-like reagent for robust ROS generation from both AH and tumor-over-produced H2O2. Results show that the nanoprodrug can realize the cascade amplification of ROS generation via artemisinin delivery and subsequent in situ Fenton-like reaction and a high tumor inhibition rate of 62.48% in vivo. This work provides a promising strategy for the design and development of an efficient nanoprodrug for tumor-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chenyang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chuting Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pengping Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, 230001, China
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Zhang X, Hu S, Huang L, Chen X, Wang X, Fu YN, Sun H, Li G, Wang X. Advance Progress in Assembly Mechanisms of Carrier-Free Nanodrugs for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:7065. [PMID: 37894544 PMCID: PMC10608994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been widely studied and applied in the field of cancer treatment. However, conventional nanocarriers still suffer from complicated preparation processes, low drug loading, and potential toxicity of carriers themselves. To tackle the hindrance, carrier-free nanodrugs with biological activity have received increasing attention in cancer therapy. Extensive efforts have been made to exploit new self-assembly methods and mechanisms to expand the scope of carrier-free nanodrugs with enhanced therapeutic performance. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress and applications of carrier-free nanodrugs based on different types of assembly mechanisms and strategies, which involved noncovalent interactions, a combination of covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions, and metal ions-coordinated self-assembly. These carrier-free nanodrugs are introduced in detail according to their assembly and antitumor applications. Finally, the prospects and existing challenges of carrier-free nanodrugs in future development and clinical application are discussed. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide new insights into the rational design of more effective carrier-free nanodrug systems and advancing clinical cancer and other diseases (e.g., bacterial infections) infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-nan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, PLA Medical College & Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Tailoring carrier-free nanocombo of small-molecule prodrug for combinational cancer therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:256-275. [PMID: 36272660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of monotherapy could not satisfy clinical cancer treatment owing to the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, multi-drug resistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. In response, the significance of combinational cancer therapy has been highlighted. Traditional combinational schemes usually utilize "free" drug for multi drug administration, independently. The diverse pharmacokinetics and biodistribution greatly hinder the antitumor effects and cause systematic toxicity. To tackle the hinderance, various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have been developed. However, conventional Nano-DDSs encapsulate drugs into carrier materials through noncovalent interactions, resulting in low drug loading, fixed multi drug encapsulation ratio, chemical instability and carrier-associated toxicity. Recently, carrier-free nanocombos based on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs (SPNCs) have emerged as a versatile Nano-DDSs for multiple drug delivery. Benefited by the self-assembly capability, SPNCs could be facilely fabricated with distinct merits of ultra-high drug loading, adjustable drug ratio and negligible carrier-associated toxicity. Herein, we summarize the latest trends of SPNCs. First, a basic review on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs is presented. Additionally, facile techniques to prepare SPNCs are introduced. Furthermore, advanced combinational therapies based on SPNCs are spotlighted with special emphasis on synergistic mechanisms. Finally, future prospects and challenges are discussed.
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Han LN, Wang KQ, Ren ZN, Yang X, Duan X, Krishnan S, Jaisankar A, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Zhang W, Pedraz JL, Ramakrishna S, Kim HW, Li CF, Song LH, Ramalingam M. One-pot synthesis and enzyme-responsiveness of amphiphilic doxorubicin prodrug nanomicelles for cancer therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27963-27969. [PMID: 36320274 PMCID: PMC9523663 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04436f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a one-pot synthesis and enzyme-responsiveness of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glutamic acid (Glu)-based amphiphilic doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug nanomicelles for cancer therapeutics. The nanomicelles were accomplished by esterification and amidation reactions. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data confirmed the structure of nanomicelles. The DOX-loaded nanomicelles showed a DLS-measured average size of 107 nm and excellent stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 7 days. The drug loading and cumulative release rates were measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry at 481 nm. The cumulative release rate could reach 100% in an enzyme-rich environment. Further, the therapeutic efficiency of nanomicelles to cancer cells was determined by cell viability and cellular uptake and distribution using HeLa cells. The cell viability study showed that the DOX-loaded nanomicelles could effectively inhibit the HeLa cell proliferation. The cellular uptake study confirmed that the nanomicelles could be effectively ingested by HeLa cells and distributed into cell nuclei. Based on the collective experimental data, this study demonstrated that the synthesized nanomicellar prodrug of DOX is a potential candidate for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ning Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Abinaya Jaisankar
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Wujie Zhang
- BioMolecular Engineering Program, Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering Milwaukee WI 53202 USA
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Institute of Health Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University Singapore Singapore 119260 Singapore
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College Changzhi 046000 Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University Cheonan 31116 Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
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