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Cheng G, Kuan CY, Lou KW, Ho YP. Light-Responsive Materials in Droplet Manipulation for Biochemical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313935. [PMID: 38379512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized droplets, characterized by well-controlled microenvironments and capability for parallel processing, have significantly advanced the studies on enzymatic evolution, molecular diagnostics, and single-cell analysis. However, manipulation of small-sized droplets, including moving, merging, and trapping of the targeted droplets for complex biochemical assays and subsequent analysis, is not trivial and remains technically demanding. Among various techniques, light-driven methods stand out as a promising candidate for droplet manipulation in a facile and flexible manner, given the features of contactless interaction, high spatiotemporal resolution, and biocompatibility. This review therefore compiles an in-depth discussion of the governing mechanisms underpinning light-driven droplet manipulation. Besides, light-responsive materials, representing the core of light-matter interaction and the key character converting light into different forms of energy, are particularly assessed in this review. Recent advancements in light-responsive materials and the most notable applications are comprehensively archived and evaluated. Continuous innovations and rational engineering of light-responsive materials are expected to propel the development of light-driven droplet manipulation, equip droplets with enhanced functionality, and broaden the applications of droplets for biochemical studies and routine biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chit Yau Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kuan Wen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Li M, Hao J, Bai H, Wang X, Li Z, Cao M. On-Chip Liquid Manipulation via a Flexible Dual-Layered Channel Possessing Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Dichotomy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19773-19782. [PMID: 36999662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic/hydrophobic cooperative interface provides a smart platform to control liquid distribution and delivery. Through the fusion of flexibility and complex structure, we present a manipulable, open, and dual-layered liquid channel (MODLC) for on-demand mechanical control of fluid delivery. Driven by anisotropic Laplace pressure, the mechano-controllable asymmetric channel of MODLC can propel the directional slipping of liquid located between the paired tracks. Upon a single press, the longest transport distance can reach 10 cm with an average speed of ∼3 cm/s. The liquid on the MODLC can be immediately manipulated by pressing or dragging processes, and versatile liquid-manipulating processes on hierarchical MODLC chips have been achieved, including remote droplet magneto-control, continuous liquid distributor, and gas-producing chip. The flexible hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface and its assembly can extend the function and applications of the wettability-patterned interface, which should update our understanding of complex systems for sophisticated liquid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Moyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Jiao L, Wu Y, Hu Y, Guo Q, Wu H, Yu H, Deng L, Li D, Li L. Mosaic Patterned Surfaces toward Generating Hardly-Volatile Capsular Droplet Arrays for High-Precision Droplet-Based Storage and Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206274. [PMID: 36617523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection involving droplets based on functional surfaces is promising for the parallelization and miniaturization of platforms and is significant in epidemic investigation, analyte recognition, environmental simulation, combinatorial chemistry, etc. However, a challenging and considerable task is obtaining mutually independent droplet arrays without cross-contamination and simultaneously avoiding droplet evaporation-caused quick reagent loss, inaccuracy, and failure. Herein, a strategy to generate mutually independent and hardly-volatile capsular droplet arrays using innovative mosaic patterned surfaces is developed. The evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays is 1712 times higher than the naked droplet. The high evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays on the surfaces is attributed to synergistic blocking of the upper oil and bottom mosaic gasproof layer. The scale-up of the capsular droplet arrays, the flexibility in shape, size, component (including aqueous, colloidal, acid, and alkali solutions), liquid volume, and the high-precision hazardous substance testing proves the concept's high compatibility and practicability. The mutually independent capsular droplet arrays with amazingly high evaporation suppression are essential for the new generation of high-performance open-surface microfluidic chips used in COVID-19 diagnosis and investigation, primary screening, in vitro enzyme reactions, environmental monitoring, nanomaterial synthesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huiyao Yu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Deng
- Zhejiang Tuff Development Company Ltd., Jiaxing, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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Yu M, Yang L, Yan L, Wang T, Wang Y, Qin Y, Xiong L, Shi R, Sun Q. ZnO nanoparticles coated and stearic acid modified superhydrophobic chitosan film for self-cleaning and oil-water separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123293. [PMID: 36652982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare superhydrophobic chitosan films using a ZnO nanoparticle coating and stearic acid hydrophobic modification. A 1 % concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and a 1 % concentration of stearic acid generated a superhydrophobic film with the largest contact angle (WCA) of 156°, which was attributed to the synergy of micro/nano-level hierarchical structure and low surface energy modification. The superhydrophobic film showed better stability to acid, alkali, heat, and UV irradiation than a neat chitosan film and a reduction in light transmittance of 14.4 % at 354 nm. The superhydrophobic chitosan film also showed excellent self-cleaning and oil-water separation performance. Our findings will expand the application of chitosan films in food packaging, outdoor self-cleaning materials and oil-water separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Limei Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221140, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China.
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Li S, Hou Y, Kappl M, Steffen W, Liu J, Butt HJ. Vapor Lubrication for Reducing Water and Ice Adhesion on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Brushes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203242. [PMID: 35772175 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast removal of small water drops from surfaces is a challenging issue in heat transfer, water collection, or anti-icing. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brushes show good prospects to reach this goal because of their low adhesion to liquids. To further reduce adhesion of water drops, here, the surface to the vapor of organic solvents such as toluene or n-hexane is exposed. In the presence of such vapors, water drops slide at lower tilt angle and move faster. This is mainly caused by the physisorption of vapor and swelling of the PDMS brushes, which serves as a lubricating layer. Enhanced by the toluene vapor lubrication, the limit departure volume of water drop on PDMS brushes decreases by one order of magnitude compared to that in air. As a result, the water harvesting efficiency in toluene vapor increases by 65%. Benefits of vapor lubrication are further demonstrated for de-icing: driven by gravity, frozen water drops slide down the vertical PDMS brush surface in the presence of vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Youmin Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Steffen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Yang C, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z. Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces based on external stimulation: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ge B, Li C, Zhu X, Li W, Ren G, Zhang Z. Facile fabrication of solar distillation devices for sewage treatment and purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Using a Poly(( N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)- co-( N-isopropyl acrylamide)) mCTA: Synthesis and Thermosensitivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010062. [PMID: 35012086 PMCID: PMC8747436 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly((N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)-co-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)) (P(DMA-co-NIPAM)) copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Kelen–Tüdős method to be rNIPAM = 0.83 and rDMA = 1.10. The thermoresponsive properties of these copo-lymers with varying molecular weights were characterized by visual turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The copolymers showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water with a dependence on the molar fraction of DMA in the copolymer. Chaotropic and kosmotropic salt anions of the Hofmeister series, known to affect the LCST of thermoresponsive polymers, were used as additives in the aqueous copolymer solutions and their influence on the LCST was demonstrated. Further on, in order to investigate the thermoresponsive behavior of P(DMA-co-NIPAM) in a confined state, P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers were prepared via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) through surfactant-free RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using P(DMA-co-NIPAM) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (mCTA) of the polymerization. As confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), this approach yielded stabilized spherical micelles in aqueous dispersions where the PS block formed the hydrophobic core and the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) block formed the hydrophilic corona of the spherical micelle. The temperature-dependent behavior of the LCST-type diblock copolymers was further studied by examining the collapse of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) minor block of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers as a function of temperature in aqueous solution. The nanospheres were found to be thermosensitive by changing their hydrodynamic radii almost linearly as a function of temperature between 25 °C and 45 °C. The addition of kosmotropic salt anions, as a potentially useful tuning feature of micellar assemblies, was found to increase the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles and resulted in a faster collapse of the micelle corona upon heating.
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Wei J, Jia S, Guan J, Ma C, Shao Z. Robust and Highly Sensitive Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Humidity Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54417-54427. [PMID: 34734698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of humidity actuators with high response sensitivity (especially actuation time) while maintaining favorable mechanical properties is important for advanced intelligent manufacturing, like soft robotics and smart devices, but still remains a challenge. Here, we fabricate a robust and conductive composite film-based humidity actuator with synergetic benefits from one-dimensional cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) via an efficient vacuum-assisted self-assembly method. Owing to the excellent moisture sensitivity of CNF and GO, the hydrophobic CNT favoring rapid desorption of water molecules, and the unique porous structure with numerous nanochannels for accelerating the water exchange rate, this CNF/GO/CNT composite film delivers excellent actuation including an ultrafast response/recovery (0.8/2 s), large deformation, and sufficient cycle stability (no detectable degradation after 1000 cycles) in response to ambient gradient humidity. Intriguingly, the actuator could also achieve a superior flexibility, a good mechanical strength (201 MPa), a desirable toughness (6.6 MJ/m3), and stable electrical conductivity. Taking advantage of these benefits, the actuator is conceptually fabricated into various smart devices including mechanical grippers, crawling robotics, and humidity control switches, which is expected to hold great promise toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jia
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jie Guan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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