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Yin L, Ren R, He L, Zheng W, Guo Y, Wang L, Lee H, Du J, Li Z, Tang T, Ding G, Sun L. Stable Anion Exchange Membrane Bearing Quinuclidinium for High-performance Water Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400764. [PMID: 38501852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are core components in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WEs). However, the stability of functional quaternary ammonium cations, especially under high temperatures and harsh alkaline conditions, seriously affects their performance and durability. Herein, we synthesized a 1-methyl-3,3-diphenylquinuclidinium molecular building unit. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and accelerated aging analysis indicated that the quinine ring structure was exceedingly stable, and the SN2 degradation mechanism dominated. Through acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts polymerization, a series of branched poly(aryl-quinuclidinium) (PAQ-x) AEMs with controllable molecular weight and adjustable ion exchange capacity (IEC) were prepared. The stable quinine structure in PAQ-x was verified and retained in the ex situ alkaline stability. Furthermore, the branched polymer structure reduces the swelling rate and water uptake to achieve a tradeoff between dimensional stability and ionic conductivity, significantly improving the membrane's overall performance. Importantly, PAQ-5 was used in non-noble metal-based AEM-WE, achieving a high current density of 8 A cm-2 at 2 V and excellent stability over 2446 h in a gradient constant current test. Based on the excellent alkaline stability of this diaryl-quinuclidinium group, it can be further considered as a multifunctional building unit to create multi-topological polymers for energy conversion devices used in alkaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yin
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Ren
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lanlan He
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Husileng Lee
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Du
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoheng Ding
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
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Sharma P, Shahi VK. Fabricating a Partially Fluorinated Hybrid Cation-Exchange Membrane for Long Durable Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9171-9181. [PMID: 36763339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The long-term durability of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) depends on the stability and performance of the membrane separator. We have architected a hybrid membrane by uniform dispersion of MIL-101(Cr) (Cr-MOF) in a partially fluorinated polymer grafted with sulfonic acid groups (PHP@AMPSCr-MOF(1.0)). The single cell VRFB performance of the PHP@AMPSCr-MOF(1.0) membrane was studied in comparison with the Cr-MOF incorporated Nafion membrane (NafionCr-MOF(1.0)) and showed an excellent result with 97.5% Coulombic efficiency (CE) at 150 mA/cm2 without any significant deterioration in the charge-discharge process for 1500 cycles (over 650 h). Meanwhile, the CE value of the NafionCr-MOF membrane (94.5%) deteriorated after 800 cycles (about 360 h) under similar conditions. The high VRFB performance of the PHP@AMPSCr-MOF(1.0) membrane has been attributed to the synergized properties and good interactions between Cr-MOF and partially fluorinated polymer matrix responsible for the creation of hydrophilic proton-conducting channels to achieve high selectivity. Furthermore, the cost-effective polymer and thus membranes may open new windows for practical applications in other energy devices such as fuel cells, electrolysis, and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Sharma
- Electro-Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod K Shahi
- Electro-Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Wei C, Yu W, Wu L, Ge X, Xu T. Physically and Chemically Stable Anion Exchange Membranes with Hydrogen-Bond Induced Ion Conducting Channels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224920. [PMID: 36433047 PMCID: PMC9696997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable properties are the crucial components for numerous energy devices such as AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs), AEM water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), etc. However, the lack of suitable AEMs severely limits the performance of devices. Here, a series of physically and chemically stable AEMs have been prepared by the reaction between the alkyl bromine terminal ether-bond-free aryl backbone and the urea group-containing crosslinker. Morphology analyses confirm that the hydrogen bonding interaction between urea groups is capable of driving the ammonium cations to aggregate and further form continuous ion-conducting channels. Therefore, the resultant AEM demonstrates remarkable OH− conductivity (59.1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and 122.9 mS cm−1 at 90 °C) despite a moderate IEC (1.77 mmol g−1). Simultaneously, due to the adoption of ether-bond-free aryl backbone and alkylene chain-modified trimethylammonium cation, the AEM possesses excellent alkaline stability (87.3% IEC retention after soaking in 1 M NaOH for 1080 h). Moreover, the prepared AEM shows desirable mechanical properties (tensile stress > 25 MPa) and dimensional stability (SR = 20.3% at 90 °C) contributed by the covalent-bond and hydrogen-bond crosslinking network structures. Moreover, the resulting AEM reaches a peak power density of 555 mW cm−2 in an alkaline H2/O2 single fuel cell at 70 °C without back pressure. This rational structural design presented here provides inspiration for the development of high-performance AEMs, which are crucial for membrane technologies.
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