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Lv X, Song J, Fu X, Guo S, Gu J, Meng L, Lu CZ. Enhancing Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Triptycene-TADF Emitters: Theoretical Insights into Reorganization Energy and Heavy Atom Effects. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1611-1619. [PMID: 38382059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on the triptycene skeleton demonstrate exceptional performance, superior stability, and low efficiency roll-off. Understanding the interplay between the luminescent properties of triptycene-TADF molecules and their assembly environments, along with their excited-state characteristics, necessitates a comprehensive theoretical exploration. Herein, we predict the photophysical properties of triptycene-TADF molecules in a thin film environment using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method and quantify their substantial dependency on the heavy atom effects and reorganization energies using the Marcus-Levich theory. Our calculated photophysical properties for two recently reported molecules closely align with experimental values. We design three novel triptycene-TADF molecules by incorporating chalcogen elements (O, S, and Se) to modify the acceptor units. These newly designed molecules exhibit reduced reorganization energies and enhanced reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates. The heavy atom effect amplifies spin-orbit coupling, thereby facilitating the RISC process, particularly at a remarkably high rate of ∼109 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Sai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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Li X, Wang X, Wu Z, Zhang K, Li R, Song Y, Fan J, Wang CK, Lin L. Theoretical design and performance prediction of deep red/near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules with through space charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7706-7717. [PMID: 38372336 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their ability to simultaneously reduce the energy difference (ΔEST) and enlarge the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In this paper, 40 molecules are theoretically designed by changing the different substitution positions of the donors and acceptors, and systematically investigated based on the first-principles calculations and excited-state dynamics study. It is found that the emission wavelengths of v-shaped molecules with intramolecular TSCT are larger than those of the molecules without TSCT. Therefore, the intramolecular TSCT can induce the red-shift of the emission and realize the deep-red/near-infrared emission. Besides intramolecular TSCT can simultaneously increase the SOC as well as the oscillator strength and reduce the ΔEST. In addition, PXZ or PTZ can also favor the realization of smaller ΔEST and red-shift emission. Our calculations suggest that intramolecular TSCT and suitable donors (-PXZ or -PTZ) are an effective strategy for the design of efficient deep red/near-infrared TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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Sivasakthi P, Jacob JM, Ravva MK, Samanta PK. Theoretical Insights into the Optical and Excited State Properties of Donor-Phenyl Bridge-Acceptor Containing Through-Space Charge Transfer Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:886-893. [PMID: 36653147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A comparative new strategy to enhance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of through-space charge transfer (CT) molecules in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is investigated. Generally, TADF molecules adopt a twisted donor and acceptor structure to get a sufficiently small ΔEST and a higher value of the spin-orbit coupling matrix element (SOCME). However, molecules containing donor-phenyl bridge-acceptor (D-p-A) units and featuring π-stacked architectures have intramolecular CT contribution through space and exhibit high TADF efficiency. We have explored the insights into the TADF mechanism in D-p-A molecules using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. The calculated optical absorption and ΔEST values are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. Interestingly, we found the origin of the SOCME to be the twisted orientation of the donor and bridge moieties. Also, we predicted similar molecules with enhanced OLED efficiency with different substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University, Hyderabad502329, India
| | - Jesni M Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Ravva
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University, Hyderabad502329, India
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Zou H, Liu H, Mu Q, Zhang K, Song Y, Lin L, Xu Y, Wang CK, Fan J. Theoretical perspective for substitution effect on luminescent properties of through space charge transfer-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121899. [PMID: 36179564 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, through space charge transfer (TSCT)-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules have shown advantages in achieving high efficiencies and tunable emissions. However, the relationships between basic molecular structures and luminescent properties are unclear. Theoretical investigations to reveal the substitution effects with different numbers and positions on excited-state properties are highly desired. Herein, by taking TSCT-based TADF molecules S-CNDF-S-tCz, S-CNDF-D-tCz and T-CNDF-T-tCz as skeletons, a series of promising TADF molecules are designed by adopting ortho, meta and para substitutions with different numbers and positions. Photophysical properties of total 16 molecules are theoretically studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods in chloroform combined with polarizable continuum model. Results indicate that molecules with ortho-substitution possess small geometric changes and short Donor-Acceptor distances which are induced by the intramolecular van der Waals interactions. Decreased non-radiative consumption and increased TSCT ratio and therefore excellent performance for them can be expected. For molecules with large substitution numbers, twist structures facilitate them to realize small adiabatic energy gaps between the lowest singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest triplet excited state (T1), this designing strategy is consistent with the TADF dendrimers. Thus, the relationships between molecular structures and luminescent properties are revealed and promising TSCT-based TADF molecules with high efficiencies are theoretically proposed. Our investigations provide theoretical perspectives for inner mechanisms of substitution effect, which could further afford meaningful guidance to design new efficient TSCT-based TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Zou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huanling Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingfang Mu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Zhu Y, Qu C, Ye J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Donor-Acceptor Type of Fused-Ring Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Compounds Constructed through an Oxygen-Containing Six-Membered Ring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47971-47980. [PMID: 36219720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds with a fused-ring core skeleton are getting increasing research interest because of their use in high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, TADF compounds featuring a D-A-type fused-ring core skeleton are developed. The challenging compatibility of a planarized D-A arrangement and the TADF property is achieved through linking the D and A moieties with two oxygen atoms within a six-membered ring. Compared with a single-oxygen analogue possessing a flexible skeleton and a twisted D-A arrangement, these fused-ring compounds with higher skeleton rigidity show higher photoluminescence quantum yields and narrower emission spectra in toluene and in doped thin films. Their electroluminescent devices achieve high external quantum efficiencies (up to 19.4%), suggesting the potential of rarely achieved D-A-type fused-ring TADF systems to serve as high-performance emitters of OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jianjiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Wei Z, Jiang S, Qi F, Lv X, Song J, Gu J, Meng L, Lu C. Predicting and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules with Balanced Δ
E
ST
and Transition Dipole Moment. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Department of Material Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Can‐Zhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institutes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Efficient circularly polarized photoluminescence and electroluminescence of chiral spiro-skeleton based thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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