1
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Talebian Gevari M, Sahu SS, Stridfeldt F, Hååg P, De Petris L, Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Gori A, Cretich M, Dev A. Design and Optimization of a Silicon-Based Electrokinetic Microchip for Sensitive Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicles. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2935-2945. [PMID: 38848141 PMCID: PMC11217933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Detection of analytes using streaming current has previously been explored using both experimental approaches and theoretical analyses of such data. However, further developments are needed for establishing a viable microchip that can be exploited to deliver a sensitive, robust, and scalable biosensor device. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of such a device on silicon wafer using a scalable silicon microfabrication technology followed by characterization and optimization of this sensor for detection of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with sizes in the range of 30 to 200 nm, as determined by nanoparticle tracking analyses. We showed that the sensitivity of the devices, assessed by a common protein-ligand pair and sEVs, significantly outperforms previous approaches using the same principle. Two versions of the microchips, denoted as enclosed and removable-top microchips, were developed and compared, aiming to discern the importance of high-pressure measurement versus easier and better surface preparation capacity. A custom-built chip manifold allowing easy interfacing with standard microfluidic connections was also constructed. By investigating different electrical, fluidic, morphological, and fluorescence measurements, we show that while the enclosed microchip with its robust glass-silicon bonding can withstand higher pressure and thus generate higher streaming current, the removable-top configuration offers several practical benefits, including easy surface preparation, uniform probe conjugation, and improvement in the limit of detection (LoD). We further compared two common surface functionalization strategies and showed that the developed microchip can achieve both high sensitivity for membrane protein profiling and low LoD for detection of sEV detection. At the optimum working condition, we demonstrated that the microchip could detect sEVs reaching an LoD of 104 sEVs/mL (when captured by membrane-sensing peptide (MSP) probes), which is among the lowest in the so far reported microchip-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Talebian Gevari
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siddharth Sourabh Sahu
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Stridfeldt
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Apurba Dev
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Irani K, Siampour H, Allahverdi A, Moshaii A, Naderi-Manesh H. Lung Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome Detection Using Electrochemical Approach towards Early Cancer Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17225. [PMID: 38139054 PMCID: PMC10743818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to the inability of existing methods for early diagnosis. Tumor-derived exosomes are nano-scale vesicles released from tumor cells to the extracellular environment, and their investigation can be very useful in both biomarkers for early cancer screening and treatment assessment. This research detected the exosomes via an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor containing gold nano-islands (Au-NIs) structures. This way, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanostructures was embellished on the FTO electrodes to increase the chance of immobilizing the CD-151 antibody. In this way, a layer of gold was first deposited on the electrode by physical vapor deposition (PVD), followed by thermal annealing to construct primary gold seeds on the surface of the electrode. Then, gold seeds were grown by electrochemical deposition through gold salt. The cell-derived exosomes were successfully immobilized on the FTO electrode through the CD-151 antibody, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used in this research. In the CV method, the change in the current passing through the working electrode is measured so that the connection of exosomes causes the current to decrease. In the EIS method, surface resistance changes were investigated so that the binding of exosomes increased the surface resistance. Various concentrations of exosomes in both cell culture and blood serum samples were measured to test the sensitivity of the biosensor, which makes our biosensor capable of detecting 20 exosomes per milliliter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Irani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran; (K.I.); (H.N.-M.)
| | - Hossein Siampour
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan P.O. Box 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran; (K.I.); (H.N.-M.)
| | - Ahmad Moshaii
- Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran;
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran; (K.I.); (H.N.-M.)
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3
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Blawzdziewicz J, Adamczyk Z, Ekiel-Jeżewska ML. Streaming Current for Surfaces Covered by Square and Hexagonal Monolayers of Spherical Particles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44717-44723. [PMID: 38046295 PMCID: PMC10688169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The interface and particle contributions to the streaming current of flat substrates covered with ordered square or hexagonal monolayers of spherical particles were theoretically evaluated for particle coverage up to close packing. The exact numerical results were approximated using fitting functions that contain exponential and linear terms to account for hydrodynamic screening and charge convection from the particle surfaces exposed to external flow. According to our calculations, the streaming currents for the ordered and random particle arrangements differ within a typical experimental error. Thus, streaming-current measurements, supplemented with our fitting functions, can be conveniently used to evaluate the particle coverage without detailed knowledge of the particle distribution. Our results for equal interface and particle ζ-potentials indicate that roughness can reduce the streaming current by more than 30%, even in the limit of the small size of spherical roughness asperities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, Kraków 30-239, Poland
| | - Maria L. Ekiel-Jeżewska
- Institute
of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5B, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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4
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Sahu SS, Gevari MT, Nagy Á, Gestin M, Hååg P, Lewensohn R, Viktorsson K, Karlström AE, Dev A. Multi-marker profiling of extracellular vesicles using streaming current and sequential electrostatic labeling. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115142. [PMID: 36805937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
High heterogeneity in the membrane protein expression of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) means that bulk methods relying on antibody-based capture for expression analysis have a drawback that each type of antibody may capture a different sub-population. An improved approach is to capture a representative sEV population, without any bias, and then perform a multiplexed protein expression analysis on this population. However, such a possibility has been largely limited to fluorescence-based methods. Here, we present a novel electrostatic labelling strategy and a microchip-based all-electric method for membrane protein analysis of sEVs. The method allows us to profile multiple surface proteins on the captured sEVs using alternating charge labels. It also permits the comparison of expression levels in different sEV-subtypes. The proof of concept was tested by capturing sEVs both non-specifically (unbiased) as well as via anti-CD9 capture probes (biased), and then profiling the expression levels of various surface proteins using the charge labelled antibodies. The method is the first of its kind, demonstrating an all-electrical and microchip based method that allows for unbiased analysis of sEV membrane protein expression, comparison of expression levels in different sEV subsets, and fractional estimation of different sEV sub-populations. These results were also validated in parallel using a single-sEV fluorescence technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Sahu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Moein T Gevari
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ábel Nagy
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxime Gestin
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie E Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Stridfeldt F, Cavallaro S, Hååg P, Lewensohn R, Linnros J, Viktorsson K, Dev A. Analyses of single extracellular vesicles from non-small lung cancer cells to reveal effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor treatments. Talanta 2023; 259:124553. [PMID: 37084607 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Precision cancer medicine has changed the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as illustrated by the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) towards mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, as responses to EGFR-TKIs are heterogenous among NSCLC patients, there is a need for ways to early monitor changes in treatment response in a non-invasive way e.g., in patient's blood samples. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a source of tumor biomarkers which could improve on non-invasive liquid biopsy-based diagnosis of cancer. However, the heterogeneity in EVs is high. Putative biomarker candidates may be hidden in the differential expression of membrane proteins in a subset of EVs hard to identify using bulk techniques. Using a fluorescence-based approach, we demonstrate that a single-EV technique can detect alterations in EV surface protein profiles. We analyzed EVs isolated from an EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell line, which is refractory to EGFR-TKIs erlotinib and responsive to osimertinib, before and after treatment with these drugs and after cisplatin chemotherapy. We studied expression level of five proteins; two tetraspanins (CD9, CD81), and three markers of interest in lung cancer (EGFR, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)). The data reveal alterations induced by the osimertinib treatment compared to the other two treatments. These include the growth of the PD-L1/HER2-positive EV population, with the largest increase in vesicles exclusively expressing one of the two proteins. The expression level per EV decreased for these markers. On the other hand, both the TKIs had a similar effect on the EGFR-positive EV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Stridfeldt
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Cavallaro
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Solna, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Medical Unit head and neck, lung, and skin tumors, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Electrical Engineering, Ångströmslaboratoriet, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 534, SE-751-21, Sweden.
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6
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Meng F, Yu W, Niu M, Tian X, Miao Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Qian K, Yu Y, Wang J, Huang L. Ratiometric electrochemical OR gate assay for NSCLC-derived exosomes. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 36964516 PMCID: PMC10037838 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of LC and ranks as the leading cause of cancer deaths. Circulating exosomes have emerged as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC, while the performance of current electrochemical assays for exosome detection is constrained by unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Here we integrated a ratiometric biosensor with an OR logic gate to form an assay for surface protein profiling of exosomes from clinical serum samples. By using the specific aptamers for recognition of clinically validated biomarkers (EpCAM and CEA), the assay enabled ultrasensitive detection of trace levels of NSCLC-derived exosomes in complex serum samples (15.1 particles μL-1 within a linear range of 102-108 particles μL-1). The assay outperformed the analysis of six serum biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of NSCLC, displaying a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.3% even at an early stage (Stage I). The assay provides an advanced tool for exosome quantification and facilitates exosome-based liquid biopsies for cancer management in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Minjia Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xvelian Li
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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7
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Chakraborty S, Jaitpal S, Acharya S, Paul D. Effect of microchannel geometry and linker molecules on surface immobilization efficiency of proteins in microfluidic devices. J Biotechnol 2023; 364:31-39. [PMID: 36702256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the key metrics in the design of biosensors is the presence of an effective capture layer. Surface-immobilized proteins (especially as a part of antibody-antigen combinations) are the most commonly used capture ligands in biosensors. The surface coverage of these proteins in flow-based biosensors are affected by both the linker chemistry used to attach them as well as the microchannel geometry. We used streptavidin as a model protein to compare glutaraldehyde, EDC-NHS, sulfo-SMCC and sulfo-NHS-biotin as linkers inside straight, serpentine and square-wave microchannel geometries. We found that straight microchannels achieve the highest degree of protein immobilization compared to serpentine and square-wave microchannels, irrespective of the linker chemistry used. We also showed that for a given microchannel geometry, sulfo-NHS-biotin leads to the highest immobilization of streptavidin among all the linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjuti Chakraborty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Siddhant Jaitpal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sourav Acharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debjani Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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8
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Ye S, You Q, Song S, Wang H, Wang C, Zhu L, Yang Y. Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicle. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200201. [PMID: 36394211 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has been taken as a minimally invasive examination and a promising surrogate to the clinically applied tissue-based test for the diagnosis and molecular analysis of cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry complex molecular information from the tumor, allowing for the multicomponent analysis of cancer and would be beneficial to personalized medicine. In this review, the advanced nanomaterials and nanotechniques for the detection and molecular profiling of EVs, highlight the advantages of nanotechnology in the high-purity isolation and the high-sensitive and high-specific identification of EVs, are summarized. An outlook on the clinical application of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer is also provided. It provides information for developing liquid biopsy based on EVs by discussing the advantages and challenges of functionalized nanomaterials and various nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuya Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Translational Medicine Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Advances in the Field of Micro- and Nanotechnologies Applied to Extracellular Vesicle Research: Take-Home Message from ISEV2021. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121563. [PMID: 34945413 PMCID: PMC8707249 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are naturally secreted nanoparticles with a plethora of functions in the human body and remarkable potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Starting from their discovery, EV nanoscale dimensions have hampered and slowed new discoveries in the field, sometimes generating confusion and controversies among experts. Microtechnological and especially nanotechnological advances have sped up biomedical research dealing with EVs, but efforts are needed to further clarify doubts and knowledge gaps. In the present review, we summarize some of the most interesting data presented in the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), ISEV2021, to stimulate discussion and to share knowledge with experts from all fields of research. Indeed, EV research requires a multidisciplinary knowledge exchange and effort. EVs have demonstrated their importance and significant biological role; still, further technological achievements are crucial to avoid artifacts and misleading conclusions in order to enable outstanding discoveries.
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10
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Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:355-364. [PMID: 34666030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with a unique geographical distribution, primarily prevalent in East Africa and Asia. Although there is an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of NPC, prevention and treatment efforts remain limited. Various studies have indicated that exosomes are actively involved in NPC by delivering biomolecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins to target cells. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of exosomes in NPC and highlight their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers. In NPC, exosomes can manipulate the tumor microenvironment, participate in chemotherapy and radiation resistance, induce immune suppression, promote pathological angiogenesis, and support metastasis, and thus they could also be promising biomarkers. Because exosomes have essential effects and unusual biological properties, they have a promising future in diagnostic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Although there are technical issues associated with using exosomes in large-scale applications, they have unparalleled advantages in assisting the clinical management of NPC.
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11
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Sardarabadi P, Kojabad AA, Jafari D, Liu CH. Liquid Biopsy-Based Biosensors for MRD Detection and Treatment Monitoring in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:394. [PMID: 34677350 PMCID: PMC8533977 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at 16% for the past forty years. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the existence of either isolated tumour cells or circulating tumour cells in biological liquid of patients after removal of the primary tumour without any clinical signs of cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy has been promising as a non-invasive method of disease monitoring and treatment guidelines as an MRD marker. Liquid biopsy could be used to detect and assess earlier stages of NSCLC, post-treatment MRD, resistance to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tumour mutational burden. MRD surveillance has been proposed as a potential marker for lung cancer relapse. Principally, biosensors provide the quantitative analysis of various materials by converting biological functions into quantifiable signals. Biosensors are usually operated to detect antibodies, enzymes, DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whole cells. Here, we present a category of biosensors based on the signal transduction method for identifying biosensor-based biomarkers in liquid biopsy specimens to monitor lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Sardarabadi
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
| | - Amir Asri Kojabad
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
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