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Lyu B, Chen J, Wang S, Lou S, Shen P, Xie J, Qiu L, Mitchell I, Li C, Hu C, Zhou X, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wang X, Jia J, Liang Q, Chen G, Li T, Wang S, Ouyang W, Hod O, Ding F, Urbakh M, Shi Z. Graphene nanoribbons grown in hBN stacks for high-performance electronics. Nature 2024; 628:758-764. [PMID: 38538800 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Van der Waals encapsulation of two-dimensional materials in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stacks is a promising way to create ultrahigh-performance electronic devices1-4. However, contemporary approaches for achieving van der Waals encapsulation, which involve artificial layer stacking using mechanical transfer techniques, are difficult to control, prone to contamination and unscalable. Here we report the transfer-free direct growth of high-quality graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in hBN stacks. The as-grown embedded GNRs exhibit highly desirable features being ultralong (up to 0.25 mm), ultranarrow (<5 nm) and homochiral with zigzag edges. Our atomistic simulations show that the mechanism underlying the embedded growth involves ultralow GNR friction when sliding between AA'-stacked hBN layers. Using the grown structures, we demonstrate the transfer-free fabrication of embedded GNR field-effect devices that exhibit excellent performance at room temperature with mobilities of up to 4,600 cm2 V-1 s-1 and on-off ratios of up to 106. This paves the way for the bottom-up fabrication of high-performance electronic devices based on embedded layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosai Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Lou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Izaac Mitchell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang M, Zheng X, Ye X, Liu W, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhai R, Ning Y, Li H, Song A. High-Performance Photodetectors Based on Semiconducting Graphene Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:165-171. [PMID: 38010996 PMCID: PMC10786164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The inherent zero-band gap nature of graphene and its fast photocarrier recombination rate result in poor optical gain and responsivity when graphene is used as the light absorption medium in photodetectors. Here, semiconducting graphene nanoribbons with a direct bandgap of 1.8 eV are synthesized and employed to construct a vertical heterojunction photodetector. At a bias voltage of -5 V, the photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 1052 A/W, outperforming previous graphene-based heterojunction photodetectors by several orders of magnitude. The achieved detectivity of 3.13 × 1013 Jones and response time of 310 μs are also among the best values for graphene-based heterojunction photodetectors reported until date. Furthermore, even under zero bias, the photodetector demonstrates a high responsivity and detectivity of 1.04 A/W and 2.45 × 1012 Jones, respectively. The work shows a great potential of graphene nanoribbon-based photodetection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Rongli Zhai
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yafei Ning
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Shenzhen
Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518063, China
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Shenzhen
Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518063, China
| | - Aimin Song
- Shandong
Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
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Zhou X, Cao W. Flexible and Stretchable Carbon-Based Sensors and Actuators for Soft Robots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 36678069 PMCID: PMC9864711 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China
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Zheng X, Zhai R, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Liu J, Razaq A, Ahmad MA, Raza R, Saleem M, Rizwan S, Jafri SHM, Li H, Papadakis R. Graphene-Oxide-Based Fluoro- and Chromo-Genic Materials and Their Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062018. [PMID: 35335380 PMCID: PMC8951247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Rongli Zhai
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
| | - Aamir Razaq
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Rizwan Raza
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Rizwan
- Department of Physics, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan;
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Raffaello Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- TdB Labs AB, Uppsala Business Park, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (R.P.)
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