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Zhao P, Hu HZ, Chen XT, Jiang QY, Yu XZ, Cen XL, Lin SQ, Mai SQ, Pang WL, Chen JX, Zhang Q. Mild hyperthermia enhanced synergistic uric acid degradation and multiple ROS elimination for an effective acute gout therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:275. [PMID: 38778401 PMCID: PMC11112921 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gouty is caused by the excessive accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals within various parts of the body, which leads to a deterioration of the local microenvironment. This degradation is marked by elevated levels of uric acid (UA), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, hypoxic conditions, an upsurge in pro-inflammatory mediators, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoparticle of polydopamine-platinum (PDA@Pt) to combat acute gout by leveraging mild hyperthermia to synergistically enhance UA degradation and anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, PDA acts as a foundational template that facilitates the growth of a Pt shell on the surface of its nanospheres, leading to the formation of the PDA@Pt nanomedicine. Within this therapeutic agent, the Pt nanoparticle catalyzes the decomposition of UA and actively breaks down endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2, which helps to alleviate hypoxic conditions. Concurrently, the PDA component possesses exceptional capacity for ROS scavenging. Most significantly, Both PDA and Pt shell exhibit absorption in the Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) region, which not only endow PDA@Pt with superior photothermal conversion efficiency for effective photothermal therapy (PTT) but also substantially enhances the nanomedicine's capacity for UA degradation, O2 production and ROS scavenging enzymatic activities. This photothermally-enhanced approach effectively facilitates the repair of mitochondrial damage and downregulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional nanomedicine PDA@Pt exhibits exceptional efficacy in UA reduction and anti-inflammatory effects, presenting a promising potential therapeutic strategy for the management of acute gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Yun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Zhao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Qing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Sui-Qing Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Lin Pang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China.
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Chen X, Zhang L, Zeng H, Meng W, Liu G, Zhang W, Zhao P, Zhang Q, Chen M, Chen J. Manganese-Based Immunomodulatory Nanocomposite with Catalase-Like Activity and Microwave-Enhanced ROS Elimination Ability for Efficient Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304610. [PMID: 37632302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease commonly associated with the accumulation of hyperactive immune cells (HICs), particularly macrophages of pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype, accompanied by the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased pH and O2 content in joint synovium. In this work, an immunomodulatory nanosystem (IMN) is developed for RA therapy by modulating and restoring the function of HICs in inflamed tissues. Manganese tetraoxide nanoparticles (Mn3 O4 ) nanoparticles anchored on UiO-66-NH2 are designed, and then the hybrid is coated with Mn-EGCG film, further wrapped with HA to obtain the final nanocomposite of UiO-66-NH2 @Mn3 O4 /Mn-EGCG@HA (termed as UMnEH). When UMnEH diffuses to the inflammatory site of RA synovium, the stimulation of microwave (MW) irradiation and low pH trigger the slow dissociation of Mn-EGCG film. Then the endogenously overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) disintegrates the exposed Mn3 O4 NPs to promote ROS scavenging and O2 generation. Assisted by MW irradiation, the elevated O2 content in the RA microenvironment down-regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Coupled with the clearance of ROS, it promotes the re-polarization of M1 phenotype macrophages into anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype macrophages. Therefore, the multifunctional UMnEH nanoplatform, as the IMN, exhibits a promising potential to modulate and restore the function of HICs and has an exciting prospect in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Haifeng Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Meng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guijiang Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, 525200, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Wang S, Liao Y, Wu Z, Peng Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Shao L, Zeng Z, Liu Y. A lysosomes and mitochondria dual-targeting AIE-active NIR photosensitizer: Constructing amphiphilic structure for enhanced antitumor activity and two-photon imaging. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100721. [PMID: 37502829 PMCID: PMC10368935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of lysosomes and mitochondria dual-targeting photosensitizer with the virtues of near-infrared (NIR) emission, highly efficient reactive oxygen generation, good phototoxicity and biocompatibility is highly desirable in the field of imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Herein, a new positively charged amphiphilic organic compound (2-(2-(5-(7-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide) (ADB) based on a D-A-π-A structure is designed and comprehensively investigated. ADB demonstrates special lysosomes and mitochondria dual-organelles targeting, bright NIR aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 736 nm, high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (0.442), as well as good biocompatibility and photostability. In addition, ADB can act as a two-photon imaging agent for the elaborate observation of living cells and blood vessel networks of tissues. Upon light irradiation, obvious decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), abnormal mitochondria morphology, as well as phagocytotic vesicles and lysosomal disruption in cells are observed, which further induce cell apoptosis and resulting in enhanced antitumor activity for cancer treatment. In vivo experiments reveal that ADB can inhibit tumor growth efficiently upon light exposure. These findings demonstrate that this dual-organelles targeted ADB has great potential for clinical imaging-guided photodynamic therapy, and this work provides a new avenue for the development of multi-organelles targeted photosensitizers for highly efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaoji Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yihong Peng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zhijie Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Wen J, Hua Q, Ding S, Sun A, Xia Y. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Zinc Ions Based on Various Response Mechanisms. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37486769 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2238078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a vital metal element with extensive applications in various fields such as industry, metallurgy, agriculture, food, and healthcare. For living organisms, zinc ions are indispensable, and their deficiency can lead to physiological and metabolic abnormalities that cause multiple diseases. Hence, there is a significant need for selective recognition and effective detection of free zinc ions. As a probe method with high sensitivity, high selectivity, real-time monitoring, safety, harmlessness and ease of operation, fluorescent probes have been widely used in metal ion identification studies, and many convenient, low-cost and easy-to-operate fluorescent probes for Zn2+ detection have been developed. This article reviews the latest research advances in fluorescent chemosensors for Zn2+ detection from 2019 to 2023. In particular, sensors working through photo-induced electron transfer (PET), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanisms are described. We discuss the use of various recognition mechanisms in detecting zinc ions through specific cases, some of which have been validated through theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wen
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qianying Hua
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Sha Ding
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Aokui Sun
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Gao J, Luan T, Lv J, Yang M, Li H, Yuan Z. An oxygen-carrying and lysosome-targeting BODIPY derivative for NIR bioimaging and enhanced multimodal therapy against hypoxic tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 241:112666. [PMID: 36842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment modalities have gradually shifted from monotherapies to multimodal therapies. It is still a challenge to develop a synergistic chemo-phototherapy system with relieving tumor hypoxia, specific targeting, and real-time fluorescence tracking. In this study, we designed a multifunctional BODIPY derivative, FBD-M, for synergistic chemo-phototherapy against hypoxic tumors. FBD-M was composed of four parts: 1) The BODIPY fluorophore selected as a theranostic core, 2) A pentafluorobenzene group modified on meso-BODIPY to carry oxygen, 3) A morpholine group hooked to one side of BODIPY served as a lysosome-targeting unit for enhancing antitumor effect, and 4) An aromatic nitrogen mustard group introduced on other side of BODIPY to achieve chemotherapy. After introducing the morpholine and aromatic nitrogen mustard in BODIPY, the conjugate system of BODIPY was also expanded to realize near-infrared (NIR) phototherapy. Finally, FBD-M was obtained by a rational design, which possessed with NIR absorbance and emission, photosensitive activity, oxygen-carrying capability for relieving tumor hypoxia, high photothermal conversion efficiency, good photostability, lysosome targeting, low toxicity, and synergistic chemo-phototherapy against hypoxic tumors. FBD-M had been successfully applied for anticancer in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates that FBD-M can serve as an ideal multifunctional theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Luan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Zeli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
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Yu J, Jiang G, Wang J. In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Development of Near-Infrared AIEgens. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201251. [PMID: 36637344 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence imaging has received extensive attention due to its distinguished advantages of excellent biosafety, high sensitivity, dual temporal-spatial resolution, real-time monitoring ability, and non-invasiveness. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission wavelengths are ideal candidate for in vivo fluorescence imaging for their large Stokes shift, high brightness and superior photostability. NIR emissive AIEgens provide deep tissue penetration depth as well as low interference from tissue autofluorescence. Here in this review, we summarize the molecular engineering strategies for constructing NIR AIEgens with high performances, including extending π-conjugation system and strengthen donor (D)-acceptor (A) interactions. Then the encapsulation strategies for increasing water solubility and biocompatibility of these NIR AIEgens are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospect of fabricating NIR AIEgens for in vivo fluorescence imaging are also discussed. We hope this review would provide some guidelines for further exploration of new NIR AIEgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
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Li JH, You PD, Lu F, Huang JT, Fu JL, Tang HY, Zhou CQ. Single aromatics sulfonamide substituted dibenzothiazole squaraines for tumor NIR imaging and efficient photodynamic therapy at low drug dose. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 240:112653. [PMID: 36706664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
On the base of the zwiterionic dibenzothiazole squaraine SQ, five cationic aromatics sulfonamide substituted dibenzothiazole squaraines SQ-D1 ∼ 5 have been designed and synthesized. Through the formation of the cationic compound, a higher rigid structure and the addition of the strong electron-withdrawing group (-CN), an ideal photosensitizer SQ-D2 has been gotten. In all the sulfonaminosquaraines, compound SQ-D2 exhibited the highest ROS generation efficacy and photostability. It also showed the highest photo-cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.08 μM), very low dark-cytotoxicity and the excellent cell uptake. In animal study, it not only showed the effective tumor retention and the easy removal from the body, but also exhibited the effective PDT efficacy at low drug dose (0.15 mg/kg) and the good biocompatibility. Furthermore, photosensitizer SQ-D2 as a single component exhibited greater potential than clinically approved photosensitizer m-THPC and some nanomaterials with photosensitizers in PDT therapy towards human breast cancer. This work provides a new perspective to develop the ideal photosensitizer of the squaraine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Pei-Dan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jun-Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia-Luo Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hao-Yun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chun-Qiong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Zhou J, Qi F, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zheng X, He W, Guo Z. Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: From Organelle Targeting to Tumor Targeting. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1027. [PMID: 36421144 PMCID: PMC9688568 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention in the field of anticancer treatment. However, PDT has to face challenges, such as aggregation caused by quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and short 1O2 lifetime, which lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgens)-based photosensitizers (PSs) showed enhanced ROS generation upon aggregation, which showed great potential for hypoxic tumor treatment with enhanced PDT effect. In this review, we summarized the design strategies and applications of AIEgen-based PSs with improved PDT efficacy since 2019. Firstly, we introduce the research background and some basic knowledge in the related field. Secondly, the recent approaches of AIEgen-based PSs for enhanced PDT are summarized in two categories: (1) organelle-targeting PSs that could cause direct damage to organelles to enhance PDT effects, and (2) PSs with tumor-targeting abilities to selectively suppress tumor growth and reduce side effects. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. We hope this review can offer new insights and inspirations for the development of AIEgen-based PSs for better PDT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
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Wang J, Li J, Yu Z, Zhu X, Yu J, Wu Z, Wang S, Zhou H. Molecular Tailoring Based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer for Initiating Two-Photon Theranostics with Amplified Reactive Oxygen Species. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14029-14037. [PMID: 36173258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of multifunctional photosensitizers (PSs) with abundant Type I/II ROS for efficient theranostics in the "therapeutic window" (700-900 nm) is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. We herein report a molecular tailoring strategy based on intramolecular two-photon Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (TP-FRET) to obtain a novel theranostic agent (Lyso-FRET), featuring the amplified advantage of energy donor (NH) and acceptor (COOH), because of the reuse of fluorescence energy with high efficiency of FRET (∼83%). Importantly, under the excitation by the near-infrared (840 nm) window, Lyso-FRET can not only penetrate the deeper tissue with a higher resolution for fluorescence imaging due to the nonlinear optical (NLO) nature, but also generate more Type I (superoxide anion) and Type II (singlet oxygen) reactive oxygen species for hypoxic PDT. Moreover, Lyso-FRET targeting lysosomes further promotes the effect of treatment. The experiments in vitro and in vivo also verify that the developed TP-FRET PS is conducive to treating deep hypoxic tumors. This strategy provides new and significant insights into the design and fabrication of advanced multifunctional PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wu MY, Wang Y, Wang LJ, Wang JL, Xia FW, Feng S. A novel furo[3,2- c]pyridine-based AIE photosensitizer for specific imaging and photodynamic ablation of Gram-positive bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10392-10395. [PMID: 36039808 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Rh-catalyzed tandem reaction was performed to construct an AIE-active furo[2,3-c]pyridine-based photosensitizer, named LIQ-TF. LIQ-TF showed near-infrared emission with high quantum yield, and high 1O2 and ˙OH generation efficiency, and could be used for specific imaging and photodynamic ablation of Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo, showing great potential for combating multiple drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Feng-Wei Xia
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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11
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Meng Z, Xue H, Wang T, Chen B, Dong X, Yang L, Dai J, Lou X, Xia F. Aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy in cancer: from chemical to clinical. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:344. [PMID: 35883086 PMCID: PMC9327335 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a serious threat to human health owing to the lack of effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive cancer treatment that consists of three main elements: photosensitizers (PSs), light and oxygen. However, some traditional PSs are prone to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), leading to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-PSs, due to their distorted structure, suppress the strong molecular interactions, making them more photosensitive in the aggregated state instead. Activated by light, they can efficiently produce ROS and induce cell death. PS is one of the core factors of efficient PDT, so proceeding from the design and preparation of AIE-PSs, including how to manipulate the electron donor (D) and receptor (A) in the PSs configuration, introduce heavy atoms or metal complexes, design of Type I AIE-PSs, polymerization-enhanced photosensitization and nano-engineering approaches. Then, the preclinical experiments of AIE-PSs in treating different types of tumors, such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and its great potential clinical applications are discussed. In addition, some perspectives on the further development of AIE-PSs are presented. This review hopes to stimulate the interest of researchers in different fields such as chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine, and promote the clinical translation of AIE-PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huiying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Xiyuan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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12
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Bloyet C, Sciortino F, Matsushita Y, Karr PA, Liyanage A, Jevasuwan W, Fukata N, Maji S, Hynek J, D'Souza F, Shrestha LK, Ariga K, Yamazaki T, Shirahata N, Hill JP, Payne DT. Photosensitizer Encryption with Aggregation Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10830-10843. [PMID: 35587544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromophores that generate singlet oxygen (1O2) in water are essential to developing noninvasive disease treatments using photodynamic therapy (PDT). A facile approach for formation of stable colloidal nanoparticles of 1O2 photosensitizers, which exhibit aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water toward applications as PDT agents, is reported. Chromophore encryption within a fuchsonarene macrocyclic scaffold insulates the photosensitizer from aggregation induced deactivation pathways, enabling a higher chromophore density than typical 1O2 generating nanoparticles. Aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation in water is observed, and variation in molecular structure allows for regulation of the physical properties of the nanoparticles which ultimately affects the 1O2 generation. In vitro activity and the ability of the particles to pass through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm is demonstrated using confocal fluorescence microscopy with HeLa cells. Photosensitizer encryption in rigid macrocycles, such as fuchsonarenes, offers new prospects for the production of biocompatible nanoarchitectures for applications involving 1O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Bloyet
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Flavien Sciortino
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Anuradha Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Wipakorn Jevasuwan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Subrata Maji
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Hynek
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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13
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Multiple Light-Activated Photodynamic Therapy of Tetraphenylethylene Derivative with AIE Characteristics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Dual-Organelles Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020459. [PMID: 35214196 PMCID: PMC8877525 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising locoregional therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The utilization of luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics provides a new opportunity to design functional photosensitizers (PS). PSs targeting the critical organelles that are susceptible to reactive oxygen species damage is a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of PDT. In this paper, a new PS, 1-[2-hydroxyethyl]-4-[4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)styryl]pyridinium bromide (TPE-Py-OH) of tetraphenylethylene derivative with AIE feature was designed and synthesized for PDT. The TPE-Py-OH can not only simultaneously target lipid droplets and mitochondria, but also stay in cells for a long period (more than 7 days). Taking advantage of the long retention ability of TPE-Py-OH in tumor, the PDT effect of TPE-Py-OH can be activated through multiple irradiations after one injection, which provides a specific multiple light-activated PDT effect. We believe that this AIE-active PS will be promising for the tracking and photodynamic ablation of HCC with sustained effectiveness.
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14
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Xu FZ, Zhu L, Han HH, Zou JW, Zang Y, Li J, James TD, He XP, Wang CY. Molecularly engineered AIEgens with enhanced quantum and singlet-oxygen yield for mitochondria-targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9373-9380. [PMID: 36092996 PMCID: PMC9384827 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminogens characteristic of aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have been extensively exploited for the development of imaging-guided photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents. However, intramolecular rotation of donor–acceptor (D–A) type AIEgens favors non-radiative decay of photonic energy which results in unsatisfactory fluorescence quantum and singlet oxygen yields. To address this issue, we developed several molecularly engineered AIEgens with partially “locked” molecular structures enhancing both fluorescence emission and the production of triplet excitons. A triphenylphosphine group was introduced to form a D–A conjugate, improving water solubility and the capacity for mitochondrial localization of the resulting probes. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the much higher quantum and singlet oxygen yield of a structurally “significantly-locked” probe (LOCK-2) than its “partially locked” (LOCK-1) and “unlocked” equivalent (LOCK-0) is a result of suppressed AIE and twisted intramolecular charge transfer. LOCK-2 was also used for the mitochondrial-targeting, fluorescence image-guided PDT of liver cancer cells. Luminogens characteristic of aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have been engineered for the development of imaging-guided photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Shandong 264117, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Zou
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Shandong 264117, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
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