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Zhang D, Hu Z, Vlaic S, Xin C, Pons S, Billot L, Aigouy L, Chen Z. Synergetic Exterior and Interfacial Approaches by Colloidal Carbon Quantum Dots for More Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Against UV. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401505. [PMID: 38678539 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The achievement of both efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a challenging and actively researched topic. In particular, among different environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV) photons play a pivotal role in contributing to device degradation. In this work, by harvesting simultaneously both the optical and the structural properties of bottom-up-synthesized colloidal carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a cost-effective means is provided to circumvent the UV-induced degradation in PSCs without scarification on their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). By exploring and optimizing the number of CQDs and the different locations/interfaces of the solar cells where CQDs are applied, a synergetic configuration is achieved where the photovoltaic performance drop due to optical loss is completely compensated by the increased perovskite crystallinity due to interfacial modification. As a result, on the optimized configurations where CQDs are applied both on the exterior front side as an optical layer and at the interface between the electron transport layer and the perovskite absorber, unencapsulated PSCs with PCEs >20% are fabricated which can maintain up to ≈94% of their initial PCE after 100 h of degradation in ambient air under continuous UV illumination (5 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiu Zhang
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Zhelu Hu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Sergio Vlaic
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Chenghao Xin
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Stéphane Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Laurent Billot
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Lionel Aigouy
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Uceta H, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Barrejón M, Sánchez JG, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Kosta I, Martín J, Collavini S, Martínez-Ferrero E, Langa F, Delgado JL. p-Type Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns and Nanotubes in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45212-45228. [PMID: 37672775 PMCID: PMC10540139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of p-type functionalized carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and their comparison with p-type functionalized single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and DWCNTs) are reported in this study for the first time. These p-type functionalized carbon nanomaterial (CNM) derivatives were successfully synthesized by [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction with nitrenes formed from triphenylamine (TPA) and 9-phenyl carbazole (Cz)-based azides, yielding CNHs-TPA, CNHs-Cz, SWCNTs-Cz, SWCNTs-TPA, DWCNTs-TPA, and DWCNTs-Cz. These six novel CNMs were incorporated into the spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer (HTL) to evaluate their impact on regular mesoporous PSCs. The photovoltaic results indicate that all p-type functionalized CNMs significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), mainly by enhancing the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). TPA-functionalized derivatives increased the PCE by 12-17% compared to the control device without CNMs, while Cz-functionalized derivatives resulted in a PCE increase of 4-8%. Devices prepared with p-type functionalized CNHs exhibited a slightly better PCE compared with those based on SWCNTs and DWCNTs derivatives. The increase in hole mobility of spiro-OMeTAD, additional p-type doping, better energy alignment with the perovskite layer, and enhanced morphology and contact interface play important roles in enhancing the performance of the device. Furthermore, the incorporation of p-type functionalized CNMs into the spiro-OMeTAD layer increased device stability by improving the hydrophobicity of the layer and enhancing the hole transport across the MAPI/spiro-OMeTAD interface. After 28 days under ambient conditions and darkness, TPA-functionalized CNMs maintained the performance of the device by over 90%, while Cz-functionalized CNMs preserved it between 75 and 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Uceta
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III S/N, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III S/N, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ivet Kosta
- CIDETEC,
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 196, Donostia/San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III S/N, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Luo X, Li Y, Qiu Q, Xie T. Selection, Preparation and Application of Quantum Dots in Perovskite Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169482. [PMID: 36012746 PMCID: PMC9409050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third generation of new thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention for their excellent photovoltaic performance. Today, PSCs have reported the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5%, which is an encouraging value, very close to the highest PCE of the most widely used silicon-based solar cells. However, scholars have found that PSCs have problems of being easily decomposed under ultraviolet (UV) light, poor stability, energy level mismatch and severe hysteresis, which greatly limit their industrialization. As unique materials, quantum dots (QDs) have many excellent properties and have been widely used in PSCs to address the issues mentioned above. In this article, we describe the application of various QDs as additives in different layers of PSCs, as luminescent down-shifting materials, and directly as electron transport layers (ETL), light-absorbing layers and hole transport layers (HTL). The addition of QDs optimizes the energy level arrangement within the device, expands the range of light utilization, passivates defects on the surface of the perovskite film and promotes electron and hole transport, resulting in significant improvements in both PCE and stability. We summarize in detail the role of QDs in PSCs, analyze the perspective and associated issues of QDs in PSCs, and finally offer our insights into the future direction of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xingrui Luo
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingqing Qiu
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tengfeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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