1
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Xu Z, Zhu Y, Ai Y, Zhou D, Wu F, Li C, Chen L. Programmable, Self-Healable, and Photochromic Liquid Crystal Elastomers Based on Dynamic Hindered Urea Bonds for Biomimetic Flowers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400520. [PMID: 38733234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have been exploring the use of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) in the construction of exchangeable liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) for biomimetic actuators and devices. However, a significant challenge remains in achieving LCEs with both excellent dynamic properties and superior mechanical strength and stability. In this study, a diacrylate-functionalized monomer containing dynamic hindered urea bonds (DA-HUB) is employed to prepare exchangeable LCEs through a self-catalytic Michael addition reaction. By incorporating DA-HUB, the LCE system benefits from DCBs and hydrogen bonding, leading to materials with high mechanical strength and a range of dynamic properties such as programmability, self-healing, and recyclability. Leveraging these characteristics, bilayer LCE actuators with controlled reversible thermal deformation and outstanding dimensional stability are successfully fabricated using a simple welding method. Moreover, a biomimetic triangular plum, inspired by the blooming of flowers, is created to showcase reversible color and shape changes triggered by light and heat. This innovative approach opens new possibilities for the development of biomimetic and smart actuators and devices with multiple functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/ the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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2
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Jia Y, Qian J, Hao S, Zhang S, Wei F, Zheng H, Li Y, Song J, Zhao Z. New Prospects Arising from Dynamically Crosslinked Polymers: Reprogramming Their Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313164. [PMID: 38577834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically crosslinked polymers (DCPs) have gained significant attention owing to their applications in fabricating (re)processable, recyclable, and self-healable thermosets, which hold great promise in addressing ecological issues, such as plastic pollution and resource scarcity. However, the current research predominantly focuses on redefining and/or manipulating their geometries while replicating their bulk properties. Given the inherent design flexibility of dynamic covalent networks, DCPs also exhibit a remarkable potential for various novel applications through postsynthesis reprogramming their properties. In this review, the recent advancements in strategies that enable DCPs to transform their bulk properties after synthesis are presented. The underlying mechanisms and associated material properties are overviewed mainly through three distinct strategies, namely latent catalysts, material-growth, and topology isomerizable networks. Furthermore, the mutual relationship and impact of these strategies when integrated within one material system are also discussed. Finally, the application prospects and relevant issues necessitating further investigation, along with the potential solutions are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Senyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fengchun Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Ave., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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3
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Guo XR, Sheng PH, Hu JW, Liu J, Wang SL, Ma Q, Yu ZZ, Ding Y. Multistimuli-Responsive Shape-Memory Composites with a Water-Assisted Self-Healing Function Based on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MXene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17981-17991. [PMID: 38553425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have propelled the development of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) with sophisticated, environment-sensitive capabilities. Despite the progress, most of the existing SMPs are limited to responding to a single stimulus and show poor functionality, which has severely hindered their future applications. Herein, we report a high-performance multistimuli-responsive shape-memory and self-healing composite film fabricated by embedding MXene nanosheets into a conventional shape-memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The incorporation of photothermal MXene nanosheets not only enhances the composite films' mechanical strength but also provides efficient solar-thermal conversion and robust light-actuated shape-memory properties. The resultant composite films exhibit an exceptional shape-memory response to various stimuli including heat, light, and water. Meanwhile, the interfacial interactions can be modulated by adjusting the MXene content, thereby enabling precise manipulation of the shape-memory performance. Moreover, thanks to the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the components and the unique physically cross-linked network, the composite films also demonstrate an effective water-assisted self-healing capability with an impressive healing efficiency of 85.7%. This work offers insights into the development of multifunctional, multistimuli-responsive shape-memory composites, opening up new possibilities for future applications in smart technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping-Hou Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Jing-Wan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Shi-Long Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Yang H, Wu D, Zheng S, Yu Y, Ren L, Li J, Ke H, Lv P, Wei Q. Fabrication and Photothermal Actuation Performances of Electrospun Carbon Nanotube/Liquid Crystal Elastomer Blend Yarn Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9313-9322. [PMID: 38323399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a kind of polymer network that combines the entropic elasticity of polymer networks and the mesogenic unit by means of mild cross-linking. LCEs have been extensively investigated in various fields, including artificial muscles, actuators, and microrobots. However, LCEs are characterized by the poor mechanical properties of the light polymers themselves. In this study, we propose to prepare a carbon nanotube/liquid crystal elastomer (CNT/LCE) composite yarn by electrospinning technology and a two-step cross-linking strategy. The CNT/LCE composite yarn exhibits a reversible shrinkage ratio of nearly 70%, a tensile strength of 16.45 MPa, and a relatively sensitive response speed of ∼3 s, enabling a fast response by photothermal actuation. The research disclosed in this article may provide new insights for the development of artificial muscles and next-generation smart robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fabrics, College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Siming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Textiles Quality Services Inspection Testing Institute, Nanjing 210007, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang G, Zhang Q, Guo Z, Li C, Ge F, Zhang Q. Reconfiguration, Welding, Reprogramming, and Complex Shape Transformation of An Optical Shape Memory Polymer Network Enabled by Patterned Secondary Crosslinking. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306312. [PMID: 37817361 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-triggered generation of complicated 3D shapes from 2D strips or plates without using sophisticated molds is desirable and achieving such 2D-to-3D shape transformation in combination with shape reconfiguration, welding, and reprogramming on a single material is very challenging. Here, a convenient and facile strategy using the solution of a disulfide-containing diamine for patterned secondary crosslinking of an optical shape-memory polymer network is developed to integrate the above performances. The dangling thiolectones attached to the backbones react with the diamine in the solution-deposited region so that the secondary crosslinking may not only weld individual strips into assembled 3D shapes but also suppress the relaxation of the deformed polymer chains to different extents for shape reconfiguration or heating-induced complex 3D deformations. In addition, as the dynamic disulfide bonds can be thermally activated to erase the initial programming information and the excessive thiolectones are available for subsequent patterned crosslinking, the material also allows shape reprogramming. Combining welding with patterning treatment, it is further demonstrated that a gripper can be assembled and photothermally controlled to readily grasp an object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Feijie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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6
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Kong S, Wang H, Ubba E, Xiao Y, Yu T, Huang W. Recent Developments of Photodeformable Polymers: From Materials to Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0242. [PMID: 37779636 PMCID: PMC10540999 DOI: 10.34133/research.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodeformable polymer materials have a far influence in the fields of flexibility and intelligence. The stimulation energy is converted into mechanical energy through molecular synergy. Among kinds of photodeformable polymer materials, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) photodeformable materials have been a hot topic in recent years. Chromophores such as azobenzene, α-cyanostilbene, and 9,10-dithiopheneanthracene have been widely used in LCP, which are helpful for designing functional molecules to increase the penetration depth of light to change physical properties. Due to the various applications of photodeformable polymer materials, there are many excellent reports in intelligent field. In this review, we have systematized LCP containing azobenzene into 3 categories depending on the degree of crosslinking liquid crystalline elastomers, liquid crystalline networks, and linear LCPs. Other structural, typical polymer materials and their applications are discussed. Current issues faced and future directions to be developed for photodeformable polymer materials are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Eethamukkala Ubba
- OMC Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, VITVellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Xu R, Wu G, Jiang M, Cao S, Panahi-Sarmad M, Kamkar M, Xiao X. Multi-Stimuli Dually-Responsive Intelligent Woven Structures with Local Programmability for Biomimetic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207900. [PMID: 36802163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on multi-stimuli-responsive materials with distinctive abilities, that is, color-changing and shape-memory. Using metallic composite yarns and polymeric/thermochromic microcapsule composite fibers, processed via a melt-spinning technique, an electrothermally multi-responsive fabric is woven. The resulting smart-fabric transfers from a predefined structure to an original shape while changing color upon heating or applying an electric field, making it appealing for advanced applications. The shape-memory and color-changing features of the fabric can be controlled by rationally controlling the micro-scale design of the individual fibers in the structure. Thus, the fibers' microstructural features are optimized to achieve excellent color-changing behavior along with shape fixity and recovery ratios of 99.95% and 79.2%, respectively. More importantly, the fabric's dual-response by electric field can be achieved by a low voltage of 5 V, which is smaller than the previously reported values. Above and beyond, the fabric is able to be meticulously activated by selectively applying a controlled voltage to any part of the fabric. The precise local responsiveness can be bestowed upon the fabric by readily controlling its macro-scale design. A biomimetic dragonfly with the shape-memory and color-changing dual-response ability is successfully fabricated, broadening the design and fabrication horizon of groundbreaking smart materials with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guanzheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Multiscale Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xueliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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8
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de Heer Kloots MHP, Schoustra SK, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Phase separation in supramolecular and covalent adaptable networks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2857-2877. [PMID: 37060135 PMCID: PMC10131172 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation phenomena have been studied widely in the field of polymer science, and were recently also reported for dynamic polymer networks (DPNs). The mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks are of particular interest as the reversible nature of the network can participate in the structuring of the micro- and macroscale domains. In this review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks, distinguishing between supramolecular polymer networks and covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Also, we address the synergistic effects between phase separation and reversible bond exchange. We furthermore discuss the effects of phase separation on the material properties, and how this knowledge can be used to enhance and tune material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H P de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren K Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Pan B, Park SM, Ying WB, Yoon DK, Lee KJ. Azo-Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane for Light-Driven Shape Memory Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200650. [PMID: 36350231 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers have great potential in the fields of soft robotics, injectable medical devices, and as essential materials for advanced electronic devices. Herein, light-triggered shape-memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is reported using azido TPU grafted by the photoswitchable azo compound. The trans-cis transitions of the azobenzene on the side chain of the TPU induce the recoiling of the main chain, leading to shaping memory behavior. Under UV irradiation, cis-azo allows the oriented main chain to recoil to release residual stress and realize light-triggered shape memory behavior. The facile method proposed here for the preparation of azo-functionalized TPU can provide viable opportunities for soft robotics and smart TPU applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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10
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Qi X, Pan C, Zhang L, Yue D. Bio-Based, Self-Healing, Recyclable, Reconfigurable Multifunctional Polymers with Both One-Way and Two-Way Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3497-3506. [PMID: 36598772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted wide attention over the past few decades due to their fantastic applications in modern life. Nevertheless, excellent self-healing properties, recyclability, solid-state plasticity, and reversible shape-switching ability are necessary but can rarely be satisfied in one material. Herein, we report multifunctional SMPs by constructing a dynamic boronic ester bond cross-linking network using sustainable Eucommia ulmoides gum as a raw material. Thanks to the crystallization and wide melting temperature range, these kinds of SMPs have thermal-triggered one-way shape memory performance and show two-way shape memory properties, whether under constant stress or stress-free conditions. Owing to the dynamic nature of the boronic ester bond, it exhibits good self-healing properties (near 100% at 80 °C), shape reconfigurability, and chemical recyclability. In addition, by incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the formed composite is responsive to 808 nm near-infrared light. Its applications are further exploited, including photoresponsive actuators, vascular stents, and light-driven switches. This paper provides a simple way for fabricating multifunctional SMPs, and the as-prepared materials have potential applications in diverse fields, such as biomedicine, intelligent sensing, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing100029, PR China
| | - Chaolun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing100029, PR China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing100029, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing100029, PR China
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11
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Dominici S, Kamranikia K, Mougin K, Spangenberg A. Smart Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers for Micromachining Advances. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:124. [PMID: 36677185 PMCID: PMC9860665 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of tools is an important step in human evolution to create faster devices as well as precise micromachines. Studies around this topic have allowed the creation of small-scale objects capable of a wide range of deformation to achieve complex tasks. Molecular arrangements have been investigated through liquid crystal polymer (LCP) to program such a movement. Smart polymers and hereby liquid crystal matrices are materials of interest for their easy structuration properties and their response to external stimuli. However, up until very recently, their employment at the microscale was mainly limited to 2D structuration. Among the numerous issues, one concerns the ability to 3D structure the material while controlling the molecular orientation during the polymerization process. This review aims to report recent efforts focused on the microstructuration of LCP, in particular those dealing with 3D microfabrication via two-photon polymerization (TPP). Indeed, the latter has revolutionized the production of 3D complex micro-objects and is nowadays recognized as the gold standard for 3D micro-printing. After a short introduction highlighting the interest in micromachines, some basic principles of liquid crystals are recalled from the molecular aspect to their implementation. Finally, the possibilities offered by TPP as well as the way to monitor the motion into the fabricated microrobots are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dominici
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS–UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Keynaz Kamranikia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS–UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Mougin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS–UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS–UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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12
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Niu X, Wang M, Xia Y, Zhu Y, Jia X, Cao R, Wang X. Self-Healing, Thermadapt Triple-Shape Memory Ionomer Vitrimer for Shape Memory Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50101-50111. [PMID: 36301079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the associative exchange reaction, vitrimers could be deformed to various shapes while maintaining the integrity of the network, thus being regarded as promising candidates for shape memory polymers. However, it is still a challenge to design the highly desired smart electronic devices with triple and multishape memory performances through a facile method. Here, a novel dual-cross-linked poly(acrylonitrile-co-butyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-zinc methacrylate) (Zn-PABHM) copolymer was developed via a facile and one-pot free radical polymerization strategy. Ionic cross-linking, the transcarbamoylation reaction, and glass transition were used to fix the permanent shape and two temporary shapes of the obtained ionomer vitrimer, respectively. The thermomechanical and stress relaxation performances of Zn-PABHM vitrimer can be customized by tuning the proportion of the chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking knots. Furthermore, the Zn-PABHM was employed to construct a shape memory triboelectric nanogenerator, which demonstrates distinctive performance and tunable electrical outputs (37.4-96.0 V) due to variable contact areas enabled by triple shape memory effects. Consequently, the triple-shape memory ionomer vitrimer obtained via a facile and one-pot synthetic strategy has great potential in smart multifunctional electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Tianjin300192, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, P. R. China
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13
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Li Y, Teixeira Y, Parlato G, Grace J, Wang F, Huey BD, Wang X. Three-dimensional thermochromic liquid crystal elastomer structures with reversible shape-morphing and color-changing capabilities for soft robotics. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6857-6867. [PMID: 36043504 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional structures with reversible shape-morphing and color-changing capabilities are promising for applications including soft robotics and biomimetic camouflage devices. Despite extensive studies, there are few reports on achieving both reversible shape-switching and color-changing capabilities within one structure. Here, we report a facile and versatile strategy to realize such capabilities via spatially programmed liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) structures incorporated with thermochromic dyes. By coupling the shape-changing behavior of LCEs resulting from the nematic-to-isotropic transition of liquid crystals with the color-changing thermochromic dyes, 3D thermochromic LCE structures change their shapes and colors simultaneously, which are controlled by the nematic-isotropic transition temperature of LCEs and the critical color-changing temperature of dyes, respectively. Demonstrations, including the simulated blooming process of a resembled flower, the camouflage behavior of a "butterfly"/"chameleon" robot in response to environmental changes, and the underwater camouflage of an "octopus" robot, highlight the reliability of this strategy. Furthermore, integrating micro-ferromagnetic particles into the "octopus" thermochromic LCE robot allows it to respond to thermal-magnetic dual stimuli for "adaptive" motion and diverse biomimetic motion modes, including swimming, rolling, rotating, and crawling, accompanied by color-changing behaviors for camouflage. The reversibly reconfigurable and color-changing thermochromic LCE structures are promising for applications including soft camouflage robots and multifunctional biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yasmin Teixeira
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gina Parlato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jaclyn Grace
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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14
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Liu X, Wu J, Tang Z, Wu J, Huang Z, Yin X, Du J, Lin X, Lin W, Yi G. Photoreversible Bond-Based Shape Memory Polyurethanes with Light-Induced Self-Healing, Recyclability, and 3D Fluorescence Encryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33829-33841. [PMID: 35830501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing a shape memory polyurethane with high mechanical properties, excellent self-healing has become a huge challenge for the development of smart materials. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of a shape memory polyurethane network terminated with coumarin units (HEOMC-PU) to address this conundrum. The synthesized HEOMC-PU exhibits exceptional mechanical performance with a breaking elongation of 746% and toughness of 55.5 MJ·m-3. By utilizing the dynamically reversible behavior of coumarin units to repair the damaged network, the efficient self-healing performance (99.2%) of HEOMC-PU is obtained. In addition, the prepared network and light-induced dynamic reversibility endow the HEOMC-PU with both liquid-state remoldability and solid-state plasticity, respectively, enabling polyurethane to be recycled and processed multiple times. Furthermore, based on the fluorescence responsive characteristic of coumarin, HEOMC-PU with a fluorescent pattern can be deformed into specific three-dimensional configurations by combining photolithography, self-healing, and the shape memory effect. Such a multilevel and multidimensional anti-counterfeiting platform with rewritable fluorescent patterns and reconfigurable shapes can open up a new encryption approach for future intelligent anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zilun Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingshan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
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15
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Porath L, Soman B, Jing BB, Evans CM. Vitrimers: Using Dynamic Associative Bonds to Control Viscoelasticity, Assembly, and Functionality in Polymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:475-483. [PMID: 35575320 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimers have been investigated in the past decade for their promise as recyclable, reprocessable, and self-healing materials. In this Viewpoint, we focus on some of the key open questions that remain regarding how the molecular-scale chemistry impacts macroscopic physical chemistry. The ability to design temperature-dependent complex viscoelastic spectra with independent control of viscosity and modulus based on knowledge of the dynamic bond and polymer chemistry is first discussed. Next, the role of dynamic covalent chemistry on self-assembly is highlighted in the context of crystallization and nanophase separation. Finally, the ability of dynamic bond exchange to manipulate molecular transport and viscoelasticity is discussed in the context of various applications. Future directions leveraging dynamic covalent chemistry to provide insights regarding fundamental polymer physics as well as imparting functionality into polymers are discussed in all three of these highlighted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Porath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Bhaskar Soman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Brian B. Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
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16
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Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A. Styrene‐butadiene‐styrene
‐based shape memory polymers: Evolution and the current state of art. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Basak
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Abhijit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata West Bengal India
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