Long-Life and High-Rate-Charging Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by a Flexible Active Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer

Lithiophilic Interface Layer Induced Uniform Deposition for Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anodes in a 3D Polyethersulfone Frame

Lithium metal anodes possess ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity for next-generation lithium metal batteries, but the infinite volume expansion and the growth of lithium dendrites remain a huge obstacle to their commercialization. Therefore, here, we construct a CuO-loaded 3D polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber frame onto a lithiophilic Cu₂O/Cu substrate to promote the lithium storage performance of the composite anode, and the 3D frame can effectively alleviate the volume expansion of lithium (Li) metal anodes. Meanwhile, lithium reacts with CuO in the composite nanofiber and Cu₂O of the substrate to generate Li₂O, which can strengthen the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and achieve the uniform deposition of lithium. In addition, the combination of the heat treatment method and electrospinning technology solves the problem of poor adhesion between the fiber film and the substrate. As a result, the PES/CuO-Cu₂O (PCC) composite current collector still maintains a smooth and flat lithium-depositing layer at 5 mA cm^-2. The PCC-assembled Li||Cu half-cell can operate stably for 320 cycles at 0.5 mA cm^-2, which is about 4 times that of bare Cu. Furthermore, symmetrical batteries with PCC@Li can maintain excellent cycle stability for 1770 h. Accordingly, this work provides a low-cost and highly effective strategy for stabilizing the lithium metal anode.