1
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Azmi R, Lindgren F, Stokes-Rodriguez K, Buga M, Ungureanu C, Gouveia T, Christensen I, Pal S, Vlad A, Ladam A, Edström K, Hahlin M. An XPS Study of Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries in Full Cell LNMO vs Si/Graphite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34266-34280. [PMID: 38904375 PMCID: PMC11231978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two different types of electrolytes (co-solvent and multi-salt) are tested for use in high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4||Si/graphite full cells and compared against a carbonate-based standard LiPF6 containing electrolyte (baseline). Ex situ postmortem XPS analysis on both anodes and cathodes over the life span of the cells reveals a continuously growing SEI and CEI for the baseline electrolyte. The cells cycled in the co-solvent electrolyte exhibited a relatively thick and long-term stable CEI (on LNMO), while a slowly growing SEI was determined to form on the Si/graphite. The multi-salt electrolyte offers more inorganic-rich SEI/CEI while also forming the thinnest SEI/CEI observed in this study. Cross-talk is identified in the baseline electrolyte cell, where Si is detected on the cathode, and Mn is detected on the anode. Both the multi-salt and co-solvent electrolytes are observed to substantially reduce this cross-talk, where the co-solvent is found to be the most effective. In addition, Al corrosion is detected for the multi-salt electrolyte mainly at its end-of-life stage, where Al can be found on both the anode and cathode. Although the co-solvent electrolyte offers superior interface properties in terms of the limitation of cross-talk, the multi-salt electrolyte offers the best overall performance, suggesting that interface thickness plays a superior role compared to cross-talk. Together with their electrochemical cycling performance, the results suggest that multi-salt electrolyte provides a better long-term passivation of the electrodes for high-voltage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Azmi
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Killian Stokes-Rodriguez
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
- Department
of Sustainable Energy Technology, SINTEF
Industry, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Mihaela Buga
- ROM-EST
Laboratory, ICSI Energy Department, National
Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies
− ICSI, 4 Uzinei, Ramnicu Valcea 240050, Romania
| | - Cosmin Ungureanu
- ROM-EST
Laboratory, ICSI Energy Department, National
Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies
− ICSI, 4 Uzinei, Ramnicu Valcea 240050, Romania
- Faculty
of Energy Engineering, National University
of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania
| | - Tom Gouveia
- Research
and Innovation Department, Solvionic, Toulouse 31100, France
| | | | - Shubhadeep Pal
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alix Ladam
- Research
and Innovation Department, Solvionic, Toulouse 31100, France
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Structural
Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Box
516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Xu Z, Guo X, Song W, Wang J, Qin T, Yuan Y, Lu J. Sulfur-Assisted Surface Modification of Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Oxide toward High Anionic Redox Reversibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303612. [PMID: 37715450 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage via anionic redox provides extra capacity for lithium-rich manganese-based oxide cathodes at high voltage but causes gradual structural collapse and irreversible capacity loss with generation of On - (0 ≤ n < 2) species upon deep oxidation. Herein, the stability and reversibility of anionic redox reactions are enhanced by a simple sulfur-assisted surface modification method, which not only modulates the material's energy band allowing feasible electron release from both bonding and antibonding bands, but also traps the escaping On - via an as-constructed SnS2- x - σ Oy coating layer and return them to the host lattice upon discharge. The regulation of anionic redox inhibits the irreversible structural transformation and parasitic reactions, maintaining the specific capacity retention of as-modified cathode up to 94% after 200 cycles at 100 mA g-1 , along with outstanding voltage stability. The reported strategy incorporating energy band modulation and oxygen trapping is promising for the design and advancement of other cathodes storing energy through anion redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xingzhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Junzhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tengteng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
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3
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Ma J, Liu T, Ma J, Zhang C, Yang J. Progress, Challenge, and Prospect of LiMnO 2 : An Adventure toward High-Energy and Low-Cost Li-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304938. [PMID: 37964412 PMCID: PMC10787094 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost and available resources. Layered LiMnO2 with orthorhombic or monoclinic structure has attracted tremendous interest thanks to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (285 mAh g-1 ) that almost doubles that of commercialized spinel LiMn2 O4 (148 mAh g-1 ). However, LiMnO2 undergoes phase transition to spinel upon cycling cause by the Jahn-Teller effect of the high-spin Mn3+ . In addition, soluble Mn2+ generates from the disproportionation of Mn3+ and oxygen release during electrochemical processes may cause poor cycle performance. To address the critical issues, tremendous efforts have been made. This paper provides a general review of layered LiMnO2 materials including their crystal structures, synthesis methods, structural/elemental modifications, and electrochemical performance. In brief, first the crystal structures of LiMnO2 and synthetic methods have been summarized. Subsequently, modification strategies for improving electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed, including element doping to suppress its phase transition, surface coating to resist manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and impede surface reactions, designing LiMnO2 composites to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion, and finding compatible electrolytes to enhance safety. At last, future efforts on the research frontier and practical application of LiMnO2 have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jinhu Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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4
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Li R, Bao L, Chen L, Zha C, Dong J, Qi N, Tang R, Lu Y, Wang M, Huang R, Yan K, Su Y, Wu F. Accelerated aging of lithium-ion batteries: bridging battery aging analysis and operational lifetime prediction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3055-3079. [PMID: 37926585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of stationary energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a more profound understanding of the degradation behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with specific emphasis on their lifetime. Accurately forecasting the lifetime of batteries under various working stresses aids in optimizing their operating conditions, prolonging their longevity, and ultimately minimizing the overall cost of the battery life cycle. Accelerated aging, as an efficient and economical method, can output sufficient cycling information in short time, which enables a rapid prediction of the lifetime of LIBs under various working stresses. Nevertheless, the prerequisite for accelerated aging-based battery lifetime prediction is the consistency of aging mechanisms. This review, by comprehensively summarizing the aging mechanisms of various components within LIBs and the battery degradation mechanisms under stress-accelerated conditions, provides a reference for evaluating the consistency of battery aging mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper introduces accelerated aging-based lifetime prediction models and offers constructive suggestions for future research on accelerated lifetime prediction of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Liying Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Cheng Zha
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jingyang Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Nan Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Beijing Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kang Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Yuefeng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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5
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Xue R, Zou Y, Wang Z, Mao L, Wang H, Zhang M, Shao A, Liu J, Yao N, Liu Y, Ma Y. Enhancing Temperature Adaptability of Aqueous Zinc Batteries via Antifreezing Electrolyte and Site-Selective ZnSe-Ag Interface Layer Design. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17359-17371. [PMID: 37607049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (RAZBs) represent a sustainable, environmentally benign, cost-efficient energy storage solution for the scaled renewable power system. However, the cycling endurance and temperature adaptability of RAZBs are hindered by practical technological barriers such as the subzero freezing point of aqueous electrolyte, severe cation dissolution of the cathode, and dendrite growth on the Zn anode. Herein, we optimize the hybrid electrolyte formulation of 8 M ZnCl2 in the ethylene glycol-water mixed solvent to reconfigure the hydrogen bonding and [Zn(H2O)1.80(EG)0.23]2+ solvation sheath, which well balances the ionic conductivity and the antifreezing property until -125 °C. As monitored by operando X-ray diffraction, meanwhile, the structural dissolution of the V2O5 cathode upon the dynamic cycling and static idling storage at elevated temperature are effectively restrained. At the anode side, the thermally induced substitution between the Ag2Se overcoating and Zn foil in situ constructs the site-selective, mosaic interface layer, in which the solvophilic ZnSe facilitates the desolvation, while the Ag species provide zincophilic nucleation sites for high-throughput Zn deposition. The synergistic coupling of the antifreezing electrolyte and anode interfacial design enables the wide-temperature-range adaptability of the RAZB prototype (10 μm Zn foil and 1 mAh cm-2 V2O5 cathode), which balances the cycling endurance (92.5% capacity retention rate for 1000 cycles), 84.7% mitigation of the self-discharge rate at 55 °C, as well as the secured cyclability even at -40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Zou
- International Research Center for Composite and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Chemical Power Sources, School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi' an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Mao
- International Research Center for Composite and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Chemical Power Sources, School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi' an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ahu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang Y, Hu A, Xia D, Hwang S, Sainio S, Nordlund D, Michel FM, Moore RB, Li L, Lin F. Operando characterization and regulation of metal dissolution and redeposition dynamics near battery electrode surface. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:790-797. [PMID: 37081082 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mn dissolution has been a long-standing, ubiquitous issue that negatively impacts the performance of Mn-based battery materials. Mn dissolution involves complex chemical and structural transformations at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The continuously evolving electrode-electrolyte interface has posed great challenges for characterizing the dynamic interfacial process and quantitatively establishing the correlation with battery performance. In this study, we visualize and quantify the temporally and spatially resolved Mn dissolution/redeposition (D/R) dynamics of electrochemically operating Mn-containing cathodes. The particle-level and electrode-level analyses reveal that the D/R dynamics is associated with distinct interfacial degradation mechanisms at different states of charge. Our results statistically differentiate the contributions of surface reconstruction and Jahn-Teller distortion to the Mn dissolution at different operating voltages. Introducing sulfonated polymers (Nafion) into composite electrodes can modulate the D/R dynamics by trapping the dissolved Mn species and rapidly establishing local Mn D/R equilibrium. This work represents an inaugural effort to pinpoint the chemical and structural transformations responsible for Mn dissolution via an operando synchrotron study and develops an effective method to regulate Mn interfacial dynamics for improving battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Anyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dawei Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - F Marc Michel
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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7
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Tian H, Zhang H, Zuo Y, Ling L, Meng T, Zhang H, Sun X, Cai S. An Artificial MnWO 4 Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Enabling Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of δ-MnO 2 Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3228. [PMID: 37110064 PMCID: PMC10141966 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of active material in aqueous batteries can lead to a rapid deterioration in capacity, and the presence of free water can also accelerate the dissolution and trigger some side reactions that affect the service life of aqueous batteries. In this study, a MnWO4 cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer is constructed on a δ-MnO2 cathode by cyclic voltammetry, which is effective in inhibiting the dissolution of Mn and improving the reaction kinetics. As a result, the CEI layer enables the δ-MnO2 cathode to produce a better cycling performance, with the capacity maintained at 98.2% (vs. activated capacity at 500 cycles) after 2000 cycles at 10 A g-1. In comparison, the capacity retention rate is merely 33.4% for pristine samples in the same state, indicating that this MnWO4 CEI layer constructed by using a simple and general electrochemical method can promote the development of MnO2 cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
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8
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Allen J, Grey CP. Solution NMR of Battery Electrolytes: Assessing and Mitigating Spectral Broadening Caused by Transition Metal Dissolution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:4425-4438. [PMID: 36925561 PMCID: PMC10009815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that is commonly used to assess the degradation of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions. However, dissolution of paramagnetic Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions from cathode materials may affect the NMR spectra of the electrolyte solution, with the unpaired electron spins in these paramagnetic solutes inducing rapid nuclear relaxation and spectral broadening (and often peak shifts). This work establishes how dissolved Ni2+ and Mn2+ in LiPF6 electrolyte solutions affect 1H, 19F, and 31P NMR spectra of pristine and degraded electrolyte solutions, including whether the peaks from degradation species are at risk of being lost and whether the spectral broadening can be mitigated. Mn2+ is shown to cause far greater peak broadening than Ni2+, with the effect of Mn2+ observable at just 10 μM. Generally, 19F peaks from PF6 - degradation species are most affected by the presence of the paramagnetic metals, followed by 31P and 1H peaks. Surprisingly, when NMR solvents are added to acquire the spectra, the degree of broadening is heavily solvent-dependent, following the trend of solvent donor number (increased broadening with lower solvent donicity). Severe spectral broadening is shown to occur whether Mn is introduced via the salt Mn(TFSI)2 or is dissolved from LiMn2O4. We show that the weak 19F and 31P peaks in spectra of electrolyte samples containing micromolar levels of dissolved Mn2+ are broadened to an extent that they are no longer visible, but this broadening can be minimized by diluting electrolyte samples with a suitably coordinating NMR solvent. Li3PO4 addition to the sample is also shown to return 19F and 31P spectral resolution by precipitating Mn2+ out of electrolyte samples, although this method consumes any HF in the electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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9
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Wang L, Zhang C, Yang L, Li S, Chu H, Li X, Meng Y, Zhuang H, Gao Y, Hu Z, Chen JM, Haw SC, Kao CW, Chan TS, Shen X, Wang Z, Yu R. Mg Substitution Induced TM/Vacancy Disordering and Enhanced Structural Stability in Layered Oxide Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11756-11764. [PMID: 36808940 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anionic redox is an effective way to increase the capacity of the cathode materials. Na2Mn3O7 [Na4/7[Mn6/7□1/7]O2, □ for the transition metal (TM) vacancies] with native and ordered TM vacancies can conduct a reversible oxygen redox and be a promising high-energy cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its phase transition at low potentials (∼1.5 V vs Na+/Na) induces potential decays. Herein, magnesium (Mg) is doped on the TM vacancies to form a disordered Mn/Mg/□ arrangement in the TM layer. The Mg substitution suppresses the oxygen oxidation at ∼4.2 V by reducing the number of the Na-O-□ configurations. Meanwhile, this flexible disordering structure inhibits the generation of the dissolvable Mn2+ ions and mitigates the phase transition at ∼1.6 V. Therefore, the Mg doping improves the structural stability and its cycling performance in 1.5-4.5 V. The disordering arrangement endows Na0.49Mn0.86Mg0.06□0.08O2 with a higher Na+ diffusivity and improved rate performance. Our study reveals that oxygen oxidation is highly dependent on the ordering/disordering arrangements in the cathode materials. This work provides insights into the balance of anionic and cationic redox for enhancing the structural stability and electrochemical performance in the SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoyu Zhuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurui Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Kao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Xi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Richeng Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Material Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Im HJ, Park YJ. Interfacial Stabilization of Li 2O-Based Cathodes by Malonic-Acid-Functionalized Fullerenes as a Superoxo-Radical Scavenger for Suppressing Parasitic Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38952-38962. [PMID: 35973056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of an anionic redox reaction as an innovative strategy for overcoming the limitations of cathode capacity in lithium-ion batteries has recently been the focus of intensive research. Li2O-based materials using the anionic (oxygen) redox reaction have the potential to deliver a much higher capacity than commercial cathodes using cationic redox reactions based on transition-metal ions. However, parasitic reactions attributed to the superoxo species (such as LiO2), derived from the Li2O active material of the cathode, deteriorate the stability of the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, which has limited the commercialization of Li2O-based cathodes. To address this issue, malonic-acid-functionalized fullerenes (MC60) were applied in the electrolyte as an additive for scavenging the superoxo radicals (O21- in LiO2) that trigger parasitic reactions. MC60 can efficiently capture superoxo radicals using the π-conjugated surface and the malonate functionality on the surface. As a result, MC60 considerably enhanced the available capacity and cycling performance of the Li2O-based cathodes, decreased the interfacial layer formed on the cathode surface, and hindered the generation of byproducts, such as Li2CO3, CO2, and C-F3, derived from parasitic reactions. In addition, the loss of Li2O from the cathode surface during cycling was also suppressed, validating the ability of MC60 to capture superoxo radicals. This result confirms that the introduction of MC60 can effectively alleviate the parasitic reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface and improve the electrochemical performance of Li2O-based cathodes by scavenging the superoxo species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Im
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
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