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Jiang Q, Li J, Du Z, Li M, Chen L, Zhang X, Tang X, Shen Y, Ma D, Li W, Li L, Alifu N, Hu Q, Liu J. High-Performance NIR-II Fluorescent Type I/II Photosensitizer Enabling Augmented Mild Photothermal Therapy of Tumors by Disrupting Heat Shock Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400962. [PMID: 38870484 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
NIR-II fluorescent photosensitizers as phototheranostic agents hold considerable promise in the application of mild photothermal therapy (MPTT) for tumors, as the reactive oxygen species generated during photodynamic therapy can effectively disrupt heat shock proteins. Nevertheless, the exclusive utilization of these photosensitizers to significantly augment the MPTT efficacy has rarely been substantiated, primarily due to their insufficient photodynamic performance. Herein, the utilization of high-performance NIR-II fluorescent type I/II photosensitizer (AS21:4) is presented as a simple but effective nanoplatform derived from molecule AS2 to enhance the MPTT efficacy of tumors without any additional therapeutic components. By taking advantage of heavy atom effect, AS21:4 as a type I/II photosensitizer demonstrates superior efficacy in producing 1O2 (1O2 quantum yield = 12.4%) and O2 •- among currently available NIR-II fluorescent photosensitizers with absorption exceeding 800 nm. In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that the 1O2 and O2 •- generated from AS21:4 induce a substantial reduction in the expression of HSP90, thereby improving the MPTT efficacy. The remarkable phototheranostic performance, substantial tumor accumulation, and prolonged tumor retention of AS21:4, establish it as a simple but superior phototheranostic agent for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided MPTT of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia/School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xunwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xialian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yaowei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Nuernisha Alifu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia/School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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2
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Gill N, Srivastava I, Tropp J. Rational Design of NIR-II Emitting Conjugated Polymer Derived Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Cancer Interventions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401297. [PMID: 38822530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the reduced absorption, light scattering, and tissue autofluorescence in the NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) region, significant efforts are underway to explore diverse material platforms for in vivo fluorescence imaging, particularly for cancer diagnostics and image-guided interventions. Of the reported imaging agents, nanoparticles derived from conjugated polymers (CPNs) offer unique advantages to alternative materials including biocompatibility, remarkable absorption cross-sections, exceptional photostability, and tunable emission behavior independent of cell labeling functionalities. Herein, the current state of NIR-II emitting CPNs are summarized and structure-function-property relationships are highlighted that can be used to elevate the performance of next-generation CPNs. Methods for particle processing and incorporating cancer targeting modalities are discussed, as well as detailed characterization methods to improve interlaboratory comparisons of novel materials. Contemporary methods to specifically apply CPNs for cancer diagnostics and therapies are then highlighted. This review not only summarizes the current state of the field, but offers future directions and provides clarity to the advantages of CPNs over other classes of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
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3
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Zheng L, Zhao Z, Xue C, An L, Na W, Gao F, Shao J, Ou C. Planar-structured thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based NIR-II dye for tumor phototheranostics. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4197-4207. [PMID: 38595311 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging shows huge application prospects in clinical disease diagnosis and surgical navigation, while it is still a big challenge to exploit high performance NIR-II dyes with long-wavelength absorption and high fluorescence quantum yield. Herein, based on planar π-conjugated donor-acceptor-donor systems, three NIR-II dyes (TP-DBBT, TP-TQ1, and TP-TQ2) were synthesized with bulk steric hindrance, and the influence of acceptor engineering on absorption/emission wavelengths, fluorescence efficiency and photothermal properties was systematically investigated. Compared with TP-DBBT and TP-TQ2, the TP-TQ1 based on 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5]thiadiazoloquinoxaline can well balance absorption/emission wavelengths, NIR-II fluorescence brightness and photothermal effects. And the TP-TQ1 nanoparticles (NPs) possess high absorption ability at a peak absorption of 877 nm, with a high relative quantum yield of 0.69% for large steric hindrance hampering the close π-π stacking interactions. Furthermore, the TP-TQ1 NPs show a desirable photothermal conversion efficiency of 48% and good compatibility. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the TP-TQ1 NPs can serve as a versatile theranostic agent for NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor phototherapy. The molecular planarization strategy provides an approach for designing efficient NIR-II fluorophores with extending absorption/emission wavelength, high fluorescence brightness, and outstanding phototheranostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
| | - Chun Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
| | - Lei An
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
| | - Weidan Na
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, JiangSu 221111, China.
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, JiangSu 211816, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, JiangSu 210044, China.
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4
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Tang F, Ding A, Xu Y, Ye Y, Li L, Xie R, Huang W. Gene and Photothermal Combination Therapy: Principle, Materials, and Amplified Anticancer Intervention. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307078. [PMID: 37775950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy (GT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising alternatives to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment, offering noninvasiveness and reduced side effects. However, their efficacy as standalone treatments is limited. GT exhibits slow response rates, while PTT is confined to local tumor ablation. The convergence of GT and PTT, known as GT-PTT, facilitated by photothermal gene nanocarriers, has attracted considerable attention across various disciplines. In this integrated approach, GT reciprocates PTT by sensitizing cellular response to heat, while PTT benefits GT by improving gene translocation, unpacking, and expression. Consequently, this integration presents a unique opportunity for cancer therapy with rapid response and improved effectiveness. Extensive efforts over the past few years have been dedicated to the development of GT-PTT, resulting in notable achievements and rapid progress from the laboratory to potential clinical applications. This comprehensive review outlines recent advances in GT-PTT, including synergistic mechanisms, material systems, imaging-guided therapy, and anticancer applications. It also explores the challenges and future prospects in this nascent field. By presenting innovative ideas and insights into the implementation of GT-PTT for enhanced cancer therapy, this review aims to inspire further progress in this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yao Xu
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yingsong Ye
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rongjun Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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5
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Zhang Z, Wu Y, Xuan Z, Xu H, Yin S, Meng Z. Self-assembly of three-dimensional liver organoids: virtual reconstruction via endocytosed polymer dots for refactoring the fine structure. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7867-7883. [PMID: 37902572 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of organoids holds considerable promise for the treatment of diseases or the provision of artificial organs. Traditional 2D differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) faces challenges in replicating the development of embryonic organs at the cellular level; conversely, the cultivation of 3D organoids exhibits potential for application. It is crucial for clinicians and technology researchers to acquire insights into organoid tissue differentiation, autonomous morphogenesis, as well as 3D assembly processes in vitro. In this investigation, novel 3D organoids capable of engendering complex liver-like tissues in vitro were cultured, and a class of high-luminance semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) was employed to monitor the self-assembly process of 3D liver organoid tissues and cellular interaction and migration dynamics. Three-dimensional liver-bud (3D-LB) organoid tissues were derived through the interplay of induced MSCs, Wharton's Jelly, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and their structural characteristics were determined during the liver-bud organoid development; ultimately, the co-cultured organoid spatial cellular clusters resembling a truffle were successfully replicated. Utilizing R8-Pdots with remarkable resolution and biocompatibility, the structural elements of functional and vascularized organs derived from liver organoid tissues were adeptly reconstituted, and this investigation shall contribute to a further understanding of human hepato-developmental physiology and liver-disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilu Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zihui Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
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6
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Li M, Lu Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Tang X, Jiang Q, Hu Q, Li L, Liu J, Huang W. Near-Infrared-II Fluorophore with Inverted Dependence of Fluorescence Quantum Yield on Polarity as Potent Phototheranostics for Fluorescence-Image-Guided Phototherapy of Tumors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209647. [PMID: 37466631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototheranostics simultaneously having fluorescence in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window, and photothermal and photodynamic functions possess great prospects in tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, such phototheranostics generally suffer from low brightness and poor photodynamic performance due to severe solvatochromism. Herein, an organic NIR-II fluorophore AS1, which possesses an inverted dependence of fluorescence quantum yield on polarity, is reported to serve as potent phototheranostics for tumor diagnosis and therapy. After encapsulation of AS1 into nanostructures, the obtained phototheranostics (AS1R ) exhibit high extinction coefficients (e.g., 68200 L mol-1 cm-1 at 808 nm), NIR-II emission with high fluorescence quantum yield up to 4.7% beyond 1000 nm, photothermal conversion efficiency of ≈65%, and 1 O2 quantum yield up to 4.1%. The characterization of photophysical properties demonstrates that AS1R is superior to other types of organic phototheranostics in brightness, photothermal effect, and photodynamic performance at the same mass concentration. The excellent phototheranostic performance of AS1R enables clear visualization and complete elimination of tumors using a single and low injection dose. This study demonstrates the merits and prospects of NIR-II fluorophore with inverted polarity dependence of fluorescence quantum yield as high-performance phototheranostic agents for fluorescence imaging and phototherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zhuoting Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xialian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Quanheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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7
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Wang Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Tang Y, Xiong Y, Zhang L, Xiao T, Fan Q. Photoactive oligomer with D-D'-A-D'-D''-D'-A-D'-D scaffold for high-efficiency NIR-II phototheranostics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9611-9614. [PMID: 37461357 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A D-D'-A-D'-D''-D'-A-D'-D type photoactive oligomer (O-BT) based nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for biomedical application. The O-BT NPs possessed a high extinction coefficient, excellent hyperthermia generation ability, satisfactory NIR-II fluorescence emission, and good batch-to-batch reproducibility, and could be used as high-efficiency phototheranostics for photothermal therapy and NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Youguang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Tangxin Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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8
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Su X, Bao Z, Xie W, Wang D, Han T, Wang D, Tang BZ. Precise Planar-Twisted Molecular Engineering to Construct Semiconducting Polymers with Balanced Absorption and Quantum Yield for Efficient Phototheranostics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0194. [PMID: 37503536 PMCID: PMC10370618 DOI: 10.34133/research.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers (SPs) have shown great feasibility as candidates for near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-navigated photothermal therapy due to their strong light-harvesting ability and flexible tunability. However, the fluorescence signal of traditional SPs tends to quench in their aggregate states owing to the strong π-π stacking, which can lead to the radiative decay pathway shutting down. To address this issue, aggregation-induced emission effect has been used as a rational tactic to boost the aggregate-state fluorescence of NIR-II emitters. In this contribution, we developed a precise molecular engineering tactic based on the block copolymerizations that integrate planar and twisted segments into one conjugated polymer backbone, providing great flexibility in tuning the photophysical properties and photothermal conversion capacity of SPs. Two monomers featured with twisted and planar architectures, respectively, were tactfully incorporated via a ternary copolymerization approach to produce a series of new SPs. The optimal copolymer (SP2) synchronously shows desirable absorption ability and good NIR-II quantum yield on the premise of maintaining typical aggregation-induced emission characteristics, resulting in balanced NIR-II fluorescence brightness and photothermal property. Water-dispersible nanoparticles fabricated from the optimal SP2 show efficient photothermal therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo investigation reveals the distinguished NIR-II fluorescence imaging performance of SP2 nanoparticles and their photothermal ablation toward tumor with prominent tumor accumulation ability and excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Su
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center,
Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry,
Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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9
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Li T, Wu M, Wei Q, Xu D, He X, Wang J, Wu J, Chen L. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1943-1979. [PMID: 37083404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have demonstrated great capabilities in biological applications, such as in vitro cell/subcellular imaging and biosensing, or in vivo tissue imaging and disease treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of CPNs used for tumor imaging and treatment during the past five years. CPNs with different structures, which have been applied to in vivo solid tumor imaging (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and dual-modal) and treatment (phototherapy, drug carriers, and synergistic therapy), are discussed in detail. We also demonstrated the potential of CPNs as cancer theranostic nanoplatforms. Finally, we discussed current challenges and outlooks in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qidong Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dingshi Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xuehan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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10
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Li Y, Tang Y, Hu W, Wang Z, Li X, Lu X, Chen S, Huang W, Fan Q. Incorporation of Robust NIR-II Fluorescence Brightness and Photothermal Performance in a Single Large π-Conjugated Molecule for Phototheranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204695. [PMID: 36453572 PMCID: PMC9875648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy probes are promising for precise cancer phototheranostics. However, most of the currently reported probes do not demonstrate high NIR-II fluorescent brightness (molar absorption coefficient (ε) × quantum yield (QY)) and photothermal performance (ε × photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE)) in a single molecule. Herein, a versatile strategy to solve this challenge is reported by fabricating a large π-conjugated molecule (BNDI-Me) with a rigid molecular skeleton and flexible side groups. The proposed BNDI-Me nanoprobe boosts the ε and simultaneously optimizes its QY and PCE. Therefore, high NIR-II fluorescent brightness (ε × QY = 2296 m-1 cm-1 ) and strong photothermal performance (ε × PCE = 82 000) are successfully incorporated in a single small molecule, and, to the best of knowledge, either of these two parameters is better than the best currently available fluorescent or photothermal probes. Thus, superior NIR-II imaging effect in vivo and high photothermal tumor inhibition rate (81.2%) at low systemic injection doses are obtained. The work provides further insights into the relationship of photophysical mechanisms and structures, and presents promising molecular design guidelines for the integration of more efficient multiple theranostic functions in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
| | - Yufu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211800P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)Xi'an710072China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211800P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211800P. R. China
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211800P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)Xi'an710072China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsNanjing University of Posts & TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)Xi'an710072China
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11
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Liu J, Xiong Y, Gao Y, Xu X, Chen K, Shen Q, Huang W, Fan Q, Wang Q. Molecular Oligomerization and Donor Engineering Strategies for Achieving Superior NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging and Thermotherapy under 1064 nm Laser Irradiation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205640. [PMID: 36366913 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An enormous challenge still exists for designing molecules with the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window absorption, NIR-II fluorescence emission, and batch-to-batch reproducibility, which is the premise for high-performance NIR-II phototheranostics. Although organic small molecules and polymers have been largely explored for phototheranostics, it is difficult to satisfy the above three elements simultaneously. In this work, molecular oligomerization (the general structure is S-D-A-D'-A-D-S) and donor engineering (changing the donor linker D') strategies are applied to design phototheranostic agents. Such strategies are proved to be efficient in adjusting molecular configuration and energy level, affecting the optical and thermal properties. Three oligomers (O-T, O-DT, and O-Q) are further prepared into water-soluble nanoparticles (NPs). Particularly, the O-T NPs exhibit a higher molar extinction coefficient at 1064 nm (≈4.3-fold of O-DT NPs and ≈4.8-fold of O-Q NPs). Furthermore, the O-T NPs show the highest NIR-II fluorescence brightness and heating capacity (PCE = 73%) among the three NPs under 1064 nm laser irradiation and served as agents for NIR-II imaging guided in vivo photothermal therapy. Overall, by using molecular oligomerization and donor engineering strategies, a powerful example of constructing high-performance NIR-II phototheranostics for clinical translation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yicong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingming Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Kamya E, Lu Z, Cao Y, Pei R. Effective design of organic luminogens for near-infrared-II fluorescence imaging and photo-mediated therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9770-9788. [PMID: 36448479 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to their electron coupling capability, organic luminescent materials exhibit powerful optoelectronic features that are responsible for their light-harvesting and light-amplification properties. The extensive modification of conjugated systems has shown significant improvement in their photonic properties thus broadening their applicability in photo-mediated imaging and photo-based treatment. Organic luminogens with emission in the near-infrared second region are found attractive not only for their deeper penetrating power but also for accurate visual imaging superiority with higher temporal resolution and spatial resolution suitable for tumor precision treatment. In this review, we underscore the latest development in organic luminogens (conjugated polymers and small molecules), focusing on chemical design, molecular engineering, and their applications in the scope of bioimaging followed by photo-assisted treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and immunotherapy ablation. Organic luminogens integrated with an aggregation-induced emission feature significantly optimize their physicochemical properties to act as quintessential nanoplatforms for controllable image-guided therapy. In conclusion, we clarify the limitations and challenges and provide insights into how to design organic dyes with improved safety for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kamya
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhong Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wei Q, Xu D, Li T, He X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Chen L. Recent Advances of NIR-II Emissive Semiconducting Polymer Dots for In Vivo Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Theranostics. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121126. [PMID: 36551093 PMCID: PMC9775418 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors, one of the top global health problems, has always been the research focus of scientists and doctors. Near-infrared (NIR) emissive semiconducting polymers dots (Pdots) have demonstrated bright prospects in field of in vivo tumor fluorescence imaging owing to some of their intrinsic advantages, including good water-dispersibility, facile surface-functionalization, easily tunable optical properties, and good biocompatibility. During recent years, much effort has been devoted to developing Pdots with emission bands located in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) region, which hold great advantages of higher spatial resolution, better signal-to-background ratios (SBR), and deeper tissue penetration for solid-tumor imaging in comparison with the visible region (400-680 nm) and the first near-infrared (NIR-I, 680-900 nm) window, by virtue of the reduced tissue autofluorescence, minimal photon scattering, and low photon absorption. In this review, we mainly summarize the latest advances of NIR-II emissive semiconducting Pdots for in vivo tumor fluorescence imaging, including molecular engineering to improve the fluorescence quantum yields and surface functionalization to elevate the tumor-targeting capability. We also present several NIR-II theranostic Pdots used for integrated tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Finally, we give our perspectives on future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dingshi Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xuehan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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14
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Chen Y, Chen S, Yu H, Wang Y, Cui M, Wang P, Sun P, Ji M. D-A Type NIR-II Organic Molecules: Strategies for the Enhancement Fluorescence Brightness and Applications in NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Navigated Photothermal Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201158. [PMID: 35943849 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
NIR-II fluorescence imaging (NIR-II FI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have received broad attentions in precise tumor diagnosis and effective treatment attributed to high-resolution and deep tissue imaging, negligible invasivity, and high-efficiency treatment. Although many fluorescent molecules have been designed and conducted for NIR-II FI and PTT, it is still an enormous challenge for researchers to pioneer some rational design guidelines to improve fluorescence brightness. Organic D-A-type molecules, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, can be designed and developed to improve fluorescence brightness due to their tunable and easy functionalized chemical structures, allowing molecules tailored photophysical properties. In this review, some approaches to the development and design strategies of D-A type small molecules and conjugated polymers for the enhancement of fluorescence brightness are systemically introduced. Meanwhile, some applications of PTT and PTT-based combination therapy (such as PDT, chemotherapy, or gas therapy) assisted by NIR-II FI-based single or multiimaging technologies are classified and represented in detail as well. Finally, the current issues and challenges of NIR-II organic molecules in NIR-II FI-navigated PTT are summarized and discussed, which gives some guidelines for the future development direction of NIR-II organic molecules for NIR-II FI-navigated PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, South East University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shangyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, South East University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, South East University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, South East University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, South East University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
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15
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Qu A, Xu L, Xu C, Kuang H. Chiral nanomaterials for biosensing, bioimaging, and disease therapies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12782-12802. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials for biosensing, bioimaging and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Qu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen Y, Yu H, Wang Y, Sun P, Fan Q, Ji M. Thiadiazoloquinoxaline derivatives-based NIR-II organic molecules for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2772-2788. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NIR-II FI have emerged as a promising imaging tool for in vivo precise diagnosis and visualization towards various diseases, ascribed to its merits of attenuated light scattering and tissue absorption...
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