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Wang Z, Zhu H, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Chen Z, Guo W. Recent Advance in Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Display Applications. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300770. [PMID: 38236013 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) possess the performance advantages in terms of color adjustability, low power consumption, and visual friendliness, emerging as one of the ideal candidates for energy-efficient smart windows, next-generation displays, and wearable electronics. The optical and electrical characteristics of ECDs can be adjusted by modifying the materials or structure of devices. This review summarizes the recent developments of innovative technologies and key materials of ECDs for display applications, highlighting the key issues and development trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hengli Zhu
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | - Yijun Lu
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- National Innovation Platform for the Fusion of Industry, and Education in Integrated Circuits, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Rocca T, Gurel A, Schaming D, Limoges B, Balland V. Multivalent-Ion versus Proton Insertion into Nanostructured Electrochromic WO 3 from Mild Aqueous Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38656169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Mild aqueous electrolytes containing multivalent metal salts are currently scrutinized for the development of ecosustainable energy-related devices. However, the role of soluble multivalent metal ions in the electrochemical reactivity of transition metal oxides is a matter of debate, especially when they are performed in protic aqueous electrolytes. Here, we have compared, by means of (spectro)electrochemistry, the reversible electrochromic reduction of transparent nanostructured γ-WO3 thin films in mild aqueous electrolytes of various chemical composition and pH. This study reveals that reversible proton insertion is the only charge storage mechanism over a large pH range and that it is effective for aqueous electrolytes prepared from either organic (such as acetic acid) or inorganic (such as solvated multivalent cations) Bro̷nsted acids. By refuting charge storage mechanisms relying on the reversible insertion of multivalent metal ions, notably in aqueous electrolytes based on Al3+ ions or a mixture of Al3+ and Zn2+ ions, these fundamental results pave the way for the rational development of electrolytes and active materials for a range of aqueous-based devices, such as the emerging concept of an energy-saving smart window, which we also address in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rocca
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, F-75013, Paris 75006 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Ari Gurel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75013, Paris 75006 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Delphine Schaming
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75013, Paris 75006 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, F-75013, Paris 75006 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Véronique Balland
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, F-75013, Paris 75006 CEDEX 05, France
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Xue W, Zhang Y, Liu F, Dou Y, Yan M, Wang W. Self-Powered Flexible Multicolor Electrochromic Devices for Information Displays. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0227. [PMID: 37719046 PMCID: PMC10501365 DOI: 10.34133/research.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of self-powered flexible multicolor electrochromic (EC) systems that could switch different color without an external power supply has remained extremely challenging. Here, a new trilayer film structure for achieving self-powered flexible multicolor EC displays based on self-charging/discharging mechanism is proposed, which is simply assembled by sandwiching an ionic gel film between 2 cathodic nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticle films on indium tin oxide substrates. The display exhibits independent self-powered color switching of NiHCF and PB films with fast responsive time and high reversibility by selectively connecting the Al wire as anodes with the 2 EC films. Multicolor switching is thus achieved through a color overlay effect by superimposing the 2 EC films, including green, blue, yellow, and colorless. The bleaching/coloration process of the displays is driven by the discharging/self-charging mechanism for NiHCF and PB films, respectively, ensuring the self-powered color switching of the displays reversibly without an external power supply. It is further demonstrated that patterns can be easily created in the self-powered EC displays by the spray-coating method, allowing multicolor changing to convey specific information. Moreover, a self-powered ionic writing board is demonstrated based on the self-powered EC displays that can be repeatedly written freehand without the need of an external power source. We believe that the design concept may provide new insights into the development of self-powered flexible multicolor EC displays with self-recovered energy for widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yao Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Wenshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
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Yuan M, Yin H, Liu Y, Wang X, Yuan L, Duan Y. Synergistic Electric and Thermal Effects of Electrochromic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13122187. [PMID: 36557489 PMCID: PMC9788548 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices are the preferred devices for smart windows because they work independently of uncontrollable environmental factors and rely more on the user's personal feelings to adjust actively. However, in practical applications, the ambient temperature still has an impact on device performance, such as durability, reversibility and switching performance, etc. These technical issues have significantly slowed down the commercialization of electrochromic devices (ECDs). It is necessary to investigate the main reasons for the influence of temperature on the device and make reasonable optimization to enhance the effectiveness of the device and extend its lifetime. In recent years, with the joint efforts of various outstanding research teams, the performance of electrochromic devices has been rapidly improved, with a longer lifetime, richer colors, and better color contrast. This review highlights the important research on temperature-dependent electrochromic properties in recent years. Also, the reported structures, mechanisms, characteristics, and methods for improving electrochromic properties are discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and corresponding strategies in this field are presented in this paper. This paper will inspire more researchers to enrich the temperature-dependent properties of ECDs and their related fields with innovative means and methods to overcome the technical obstacles faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- College of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- College of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- College of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- College of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.D.)
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