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Hu L, Gao X, Wang H, Song Y, Zhu Y, Tao Z, Yuan B, Hu R. Progress of Polymer Electrolytes Worked in Solid-State Lithium Batteries for Wide-Temperature Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312251. [PMID: 38461521 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-ion batteries have emerged as the most promising next-generation energy storage systems, offering theoretical advantages such as superior safety and higher energy density. However, polymer-based solid-state Li-ion batteries face challenges across wide temperature ranges. The primary issue lies in the fact that most polymer electrolytes exhibit relatively low ionic conductivity at or below room temperature. This sensitivity to temperature variations poses challenges in operating solid-state lithium batteries at sub-zero temperatures. Moreover, elevated working temperatures lead to polymer shrinkage and deformation, ultimately resulting in battery failure. To address this challenge of polymer-based solid-state batteries, this review presents an overview of various promising polymer electrolyte systems. The review provides insights into the temperature-dependent physical and electrochemical properties of polymers, aiming to expand the temperature range of operation. The review also further summarizes modification strategies for polymer electrolytes suited to diverse temperatures. The final section summarizes the performance of various polymer-based solid-state batteries at different temperatures. Valuable insights and potential future research directions for designing wide-temperature polymer electrolytes are presented based on the differences in battery performance. This information is intended to inspire practical applications of wide-temperature polymer-based solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Zhijun Tao
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
| | - Renzong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Huajing New Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528313, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
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2
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Wang Y, Ren Z, Zhang J, Lu S, Hua C, Yuan H, Luo J, Liu Y, Nai J, Tao X. Prediction of Novel Trigonal Chloride Superionic Conductors as Promising Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404213. [PMID: 38981036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Recently emerging lithium ternary chlorides have attracted increasing attention for solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) due to their favorable combination between ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. However, a noticeable discrepancy in Li-ion conductivity persists between chloride SSEs and organic liquid electrolytes, underscoring the need for designing novel chloride SSEs with enhanced Li-ion conductivity. Herein, an intriguing trigonal structure (i.e., Li3SmCl6 with space group P3112) is identified using the global structure searching method in conjunction with first-principles calculations, and its potential for SSEs is systematically evaluated. Importantly, the structure of Li3SmCl6 exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 15.46 mS cm-1 at room temperature due to the 3D lithium percolation framework distinct from previous proposals, associated with the unique in-plane cation ordering and stacking sequences. Furthermore, it is unveiled that Li3SmCl6 possesses a wide electrochemical window of 0.73-4.30 V vs Li+/Li and excellent chemical interface stability with high-voltage cathodes. Several other Li3MCl6 (M = Er, and In) materials with isomorphic structures to Li3SmCl6 are also found to be potential chloride SSEs, suggesting the broader applicability of this structure. This work reveals a new class of ternary chloride SSEs and sheds light on strategy for structure searching in the design of high-performance SSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Moganshan Research Institute at Deqing County, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Ziang Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chenqiang Hua
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Collaborative Center for Physics and Chemistry, Institute of International Innovation, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
| | - Huadong Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianwei Nai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Yang S, Kim SY, Chen G. Halide Superionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Batteries: Effects of Synthesis and Composition on Lithium-Ion Conductivity. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:2212-2221. [PMID: 38751969 PMCID: PMC11091881 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their high-voltage stabilities, halide superionic conductors such as Li3YCl6 recently emerged as promising solid electrolyte (SE) materials for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). It has been shown that by either introducing off-stoichiometry in solid-state (SS) synthesis or using a mechanochemical (MC) synthesis method the ionic conductivities of Li3-3xY1+xCl6 can increase up to an order of magnitude. The underlying mechanism, however, is unclear. In the present study, we adopt a hopping frequency analysis method of impedance spectra to reveal the correlations in stoichiometry, crystal structure, synthesis conditions, Li+ carrier concentrations, hopping migration barriers, and ionic conductivity. We show that unlike the conventional Li3YCl6 made by SS synthesis, mobile Li+ carriers in the defect-containing SS-Li3-3xY1+xCl6 (0 < x < 0.17) and MC-Li3-3xY1+xCl6 are generated with an activation energy and their concentration is dependent on temperature. Higher ionic conductivities in these samples arise from a combination of a higher Li+ carrier concentration and lower migration energy barriers. A new off-stoichiometric halide (Li2.61Y1.13Cl6) with the highest ionic conductivity (0.47 mS cm-1) in the series is discovered, which delivers exceptional cycling performance (∼90% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) in ASSB cells equipped with an uncoated high-energy LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode. This work sheds light on the thermal activation process that releases trapped Li+ ions in defect-containing halides and provides guidance for the future development of superionic conductors for all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Yang
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Se Young Kim
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guoying Chen
- Energy Storage and Distributed
Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Subramanian Y, Rajagopal R, Ryu KS. Toward Achieving a High Ionic Conducting Halide Solid Electrolyte through Low-Cost Metal (Zr and Fe) and F Substitution and Their Admirable Performance in All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38710157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the halide solid electrolyte (SE) system has been widely used in lithium solid-state batteries due to their specific properties, such as the high electrochemical stability window that prevents any side reaction with the electrode/electrolyte interface. Conspicuously, the halide SE possesses very low ionic conductivity values in the range (0.2-0.5) mS cm-1. In this work, we enhance the ionic conductivity of Li3YCl6 SE by the substitution of low-cost Fe and Zr elements on the Y-site and F on the Cl site, in which the electrolyte is prepared through high-energy ball milling without a heat treatment process. The structural analysis reveals that the prepared halide SEs showed the pure phase of the Li3YCl6 tetragonal crystal structure and were free from impurity phases. In the prepared composition, the Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 and Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte exhibited a higher ionic conductivity of 2.05 and 1.45 mS cm-1, respectively, than Li3YCl6 (0.26 mS cm-1). Interestingly, the Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte possesses a better electrochemical stability window of 1.29-3.9 V than Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 (2.1-3.79 V). Moreover, the electrochemical results revealed that the assembled solid-state battery using Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl6 and Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 electrolyte demonstrated the higher initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7 and 87%, respectively, than Li3YCl6 of 82.6%. We consider Li2.4Y0.4Zr0.6Cl5.85F0.15 to be an important electrolyte candidate in all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang K, Gu Z, Liu H, Hu L, Wu Y, Xu J, Ma C. High-Humidity-Tolerant Chloride Solid-State Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305394. [PMID: 38308195 PMCID: PMC11005720 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) hold promise for the commercialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs); however, the currently cost-effective zirconium-based chloride SSEs suffer from hygroscopic irreversibility, low ionic conductivity, and inadequate thermal stability. Herein, a novel indium-doped zirconium-based chloride is fabricated to satisfy the abovementioned requirements, achieving outstanding-performance ASSLBs at room temperature. Compared to the conventional Li2ZrCl6 and Li3InCl6 SSEs, the hc-Li2+xZr1-xInxCl6 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1) possesses higher ionic conductivity (up to 1.4 mS cm-1), and thermal stability (350 °C). At the same time, the hc-Li2.8Zr0.2In0.8Cl6 also shows obvious hygroscopic reversibility, where its recovery rate of the ionic conductivity is up to 82.5% after 24-h exposure in the 5% relative humidity followed by heat treatment. Theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that those advantages are derived from the lattice expansion and the formation of Li3InCl6 ·2H2O hydrates, which can effectively reduce the migration energy barrier of Li ions and offer reversible hydration/dehydration pathway. Finally, an ASSLB, assembled with reheated-Li2.8Zr0.2In0.8Cl6 after humidity exposure, single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Li-In alloy, exhibits capacity retention of 71% after 500 cycles under 1 C at 25 °C. This novel high-humidity-tolerant chloride electrolyte is expected to greatly carry forward the ASSLBs industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Materials & EnergyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu730000China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Zhenqi Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Haoxuan Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic MaterialsAustralian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South Wales2525Australia
| | - Lv Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Materials & EnergyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu730000China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
- National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryHefeiAnhui230026China
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6
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Park KH, Kim SY, Jung M, Lee SB, Kim MJ, Yang IJ, Hwang JH, Cho W, Chen G, Kim K, Yu J. Anion Engineering for Stabilizing Li Interstitial Sites in Halide Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58367-58376. [PMID: 38079499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have been highlighted for their high-voltage stability. Among the halide SEs, the ionic conductivity has been improved by aliovalent metal substitutions or choosing a ccp-like anion-arranged monoclinic structure (C2/m) over hcp- or bcc-like anion-arranged structures. Here, we present a new approach, hard-base substitution, and its underlying mechanism to increase the ionic conductivity of halide SEs. The oxygen substitution to Li2ZrCl6 (trigonal, hcp) increased the ionic conductivity from 0.33 to 1.3 mS cm-1 at Li3.1ZrCl4.9O1.1 (monoclinic, ccp), while the sulfur and fluorine substitutions were not effective. A systematic comparison study revealed that the energetic stabilization of interstitial sites for Li migration plays a key role in improving the ionic conductivity, and the ccp-like anion sublattice is not sufficient to achieve high ionic conductivity. We further examined the feasibility of the oxyhalide SE for practical and all-solid-state battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kern-Ho Park
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Se Young Kim
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Mina Jung
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Lee
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Hwang
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Cho
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Guoying Chen
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - KyungSu Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
| | - Jisang Yu
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, South Korea
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7
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Tao B, Zhong D, Li H, Wang G, Chang H. Halide solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries: structural design, synthesis, environmental stability, interface optimization and challenges. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8693-8722. [PMID: 37621443 PMCID: PMC10445474 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the huge breakthrough in 2018, research on halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) has set off a new craze. In comparison with oxide and sulfide SSEs, halide SSEs have more balanced properties in various aspects, including ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability window, and moisture resistance. Herein, the overall knowledge and deep understanding of halide SSEs and their practical applications in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are introduced. Firstly, the principle of screening halide SSE components is proposed. Among F, Cl, Br and I anions, the Cl anion is excellent owing to its suitable ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window. The Sc, Y, and lanthanide elements are also more compatible with Cl anions in terms of electronegativity. Secondly, the structural design theory of halide SSEs with high ionic conductivity and the mechanism of Li ion migration are described. A monoclinic structure is more conducive to Li ion migration, compared with trigonal and orthorhombic structures. Additionally, substitution strategies for halide SSEs are discussed, mainly including dual-halogen, isovalent cation substitution, and aliovalent cation substitution. Furthermore, the mechanism of moisture resistance and synthesis method of halide SSEs are analyzed. Compared with the solid-state reaction and mechanochemistry method, wet chemical synthesis is more likely to achieve scale-up production of halide SSEs. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of halide SSEs in ASSBs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Tao
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New-Energy Vehicle Lithium Battery, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Dailin Zhong
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New-Energy Vehicle Lithium Battery, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Hongda Li
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New-Energy Vehicle Lithium Battery, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New-Energy Vehicle Lithium Battery, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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8
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Hu L, Wang J, Wang K, Gu Z, Xi Z, Li H, Chen F, Wang Y, Li Z, Ma C. A cost-effective, ionically conductive and compressible oxychloride solid-state electrolyte for stable all-solid-state lithium-based batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3807. [PMID: 37369677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To enable the development of all-solid-state batteries, an inorganic solid-state electrolyte should demonstrate high ionic conductivity (i.e., > 1 mS cm-1 at 25 °C), compressibility (e.g., > 90% density under 250-350 MPa), and cost-effectiveness (e.g., < $50/kg). Here we report the development and preparation of Li1.75ZrCl4.75O0.5 oxychloride solid-state electrolyte that demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 2.42 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, a compressibility enabling 94.2% density under 300 MPa and an estimated raw materials cost of $11.60/kg. As proof of concept, the Li1.75ZrCl4.75O0.5 is tested in combination with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2-based positive electrode and a Li6PS5Cl-coated Li-In negative electrode in lab-scale cell configuration. This all-solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity retention of 70.34% (final discharge capacity of 70.2 mAh g-1) after 2082 cycles at 1 A g-1, 25 °C and 1.5 tons of stacking pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jinzhu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenqi Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Youxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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9
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Kwak H, Kim JS, Han D, Kim JS, Park J, Kwon G, Bak SM, Heo U, Park C, Lee HW, Nam KW, Seo DH, Jung YS. Boosting the interfacial superionic conduction of halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2459. [PMID: 37117172 PMCID: PMC10147626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing highly conductive and (electro)chemical stable inorganic solid electrolytes using cost-effective materials is crucial for developing all-solid-state batteries. Here, we report halide nanocomposite solid electrolytes (HNSEs) ZrO2(-ACl)-A2ZrCl6 (A = Li or Na) that demonstrate improved ionic conductivities at 30 °C, from 0.40 to 1.3 mS cm-1 and from 0.011 to 0.11 mS cm-1 for Li+ and Na+, respectively, compared to A2ZrCl6, and improved compatibility with sulfide solid electrolytes. The mechanochemical method employing Li2O for the HNSEs synthesis enables the formation of nanostructured networks that promote interfacial superionic conduction. Via density functional theory calculations combined with synchrotron X-ray and 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and analyses, we demonstrate that interfacial oxygen-substituted compounds are responsible for the boosted interfacial conduction mechanism. Compared to state-of-the-art Li2ZrCl6, the fluorinated ZrO2-2Li2ZrCl5F HNSE shows improved high-voltage stability and interfacial compatibility with Li6PS5Cl and layered lithium transition metal oxide-based positive electrodes without detrimentally affecting Li+ conductivity. We also report the assembly and testing of a Li-In||LiNi0.88Co0.11Mn0.01O2 all-solid-state lab-scale cell operating at 30 °C and 70 MPa and capable of delivering a specific discharge of 115 mAh g-1 after almost 2000 cycles at 400 mA g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Daseul Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Juhyoun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gihan Kwon
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Seong-Min Bak
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Unseon Heo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Changhyun Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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10
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Ye Q, Li X, Zhang W, Xia Y, He X, Huang H, Gan Y, Xia X, Zhang J. Slurry-Coated LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2-Li 3InCl 6 Composite Cathode with Enhanced Interfacial Stability for Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18878-18888. [PMID: 37018000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) is regarded as an important step toward the next-generation energy storage systems. The sulfide solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a promising candidate for ASSLBs due to its high ionic conductivity and easy processability. However, the interface stability of sulfide SSEs toward high-capacity cathodes like nickel-rich layered cathodes is limited by the interfacial side reaction and narrow electrochemical window of the electrolyte. Herein, we propose introducing the halide SSE Li3InCl6 (LIC) with high (electro)chemical stability and superior Li+ conductivity to act as an ionic conductive additive in the Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) cathode mixture through a slurry coating, aiming to build a stable cathode-electrolyte interface. This work demonstrates that the sulfide SSE Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 (LPSCl) is chemically incompatible with the NCM cathode, and the indispensable role of the substitution of LPSCl with LIC in enhancing the interfacial compatibility and oxidation stability of the electrolyte is highlighted. Accordingly, this new configuration shows superior electrochemical performance at room temperature. It shows a high initial discharge capacity (136.3 mA h g-1 at 0.1C), cycling performance (77.4% capacity retention at the 100th cycle), and rate capability (79.3 mA h g-1 at 0.5C). This work paves the way for investigating interfacial challenges regarding high-voltage cathodes and provides new insights into possible interface engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinping He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yongping Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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11
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van der Maas E, Famprikis T, Pieters S, Dijkstra JP, Li Z, Parnell SR, Smith RI, van Eck ERH, Ganapathy S, Wagemaker M. Re-investigating the structure-property relationship of the solid electrolytes Li 3-x In 1-x Zr x Cl 6 and the impact of In-Zr(iv) substitution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:4559-4571. [PMID: 36866387 PMCID: PMC9969333 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta08433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered interesting candidates for catholytes in all-solid-state batteries due to their high electrochemical stability, which allows the use of high-voltage cathodes without protective coatings. Aliovalent Zr(iv) substitution is a widely applicable strategy to increase the ionic conductivity of Li3M(iii)Cl6 solid electrolytes. In this study, we investigate how Zr(iv) substitution affects the structure and ion conduction in Li3-x In1-x Zr x Cl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). Rietveld refinement using both X-ray and neutron diffraction is used to make a structural model based on two sets of scattering contrasts. AC-impedance measurements and solid-state NMR relaxometry measurements at multiple Larmor frequencies are used to study the Li-ion dynamics. In this manner the diffusion mechanism and its correlation with the structure are explored and compared to previous studies, advancing the understanding of these complex and difficult to characterize materials. It is found that the diffusion in Li3InCl6 is most likely anisotropic considering the crystal structure and two distinct jump processes found by solid-state NMR. Zr-substitution improves ionic conductivity by tuning the charge carrier concentration, accompanied by small changes in the crystal structure which affect ion transport on short timescales, likely reducing the anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline van der Maas
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Theodosios Famprikis
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Saskia Pieters
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jonas P Dijkstra
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire UK OX11 0QX
| | - Ernst R H van Eck
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
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12
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Wang H, Li Y, Tang Y, Ye D, He T, Zhao H, Zhang J. Electrochemically Stable Li 3-xIn 1-xHf xCl 6 Halide Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5504-5511. [PMID: 36662742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) stand out among the many different types of SEs owing to their high ionic conductivity and excellent oxidative stability. Aliovalent substitution is a common strategy to enhance the ionic conductivity of halide electrolytes, but this strategy significantly decreases their electrochemical stability. Herein, we report Hf-substituted Li3InCl6 (Li3-xIn1-xHfxCl6, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) SEs, in which a low concentration (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) of Hf enhances the ionic conductivity without affecting the electrochemical stability. Among them, Li2.7In0.7Hf0.3Cl6 exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 1.28 mS cm-1 and a wide electrochemical stability window of 2.68-4.22 V. All-solid-state batteries fabricated using Li2.7In0.7Hf0.3Cl6 SE present high discharge capacity and good cycling stability at 25 °C. Furthermore, we summarize the methods of crystal structure regulation by which aliovalent substitution of halide SEs is achieved and discuss potential research directions in the design of novel halide SEs with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ya Tang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, School of Science, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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13
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Wang C, Liang J, Kim JT, Sun X. Prospects of halide-based all-solid-state batteries: From material design to practical application. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9516. [PMID: 36070390 PMCID: PMC9451152 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The safety of lithium-ion batteries has caused notable concerns about their widespread adoption in electric vehicles. A nascent but promising approach to enhancing battery safety is using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to develop all-solid-state batteries, which exhibit unrivaled safety and superior energy density. A new family of SSEs based on halogen chemistry has recently gained renewed interest because of their high ionic conductivity, high-voltage stability, good deformability, and cost-effective and scalable synthesis routes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of halide SSEs concerning their crystal structures, ion transport kinetics, and viability for mass production. Furthermore, their moisture sensitivity and interfacial challenges are summarized with corresponding effective strategies. Last, halide-based all-solid-state Li-ion and Li-S pouch cells with energy density targets of 400 and 500 Wh kg-1 are projected to guide future endeavors. This work serves as a comprehensive guideline for developing halide SSEs from material design to practical application.
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Sb-doped Li 10GeP 2S 12-type electrolyte Li 10SnP 2-xSb xS 12 with enhanced ionic conductivity and lower lithium-ion migration barrier. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:1039-1046. [PMID: 35914470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Li10SnP2S12 (LSPS) has been regarded as a promising solid electrolyte because of its higher ionic conductivity and lower cost. In this work, P sites of LSPS are partially substituted with Sb by the solid-phase sintering method. A series of Li10SnP2-xSbxS12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) solid electrolytes are prepared. Among them, the ionic conductivity of the Li10SnP1.8Sb0.2S12 solid electrolyte reaches 2.43 mS cm-1. Through X-ray diffraction and refinement analysis, it is found that Sb successfully substituted part of P and increased the lattice constant. Through temperature-dependent alternating current impedance experiments and density functional theory calculations, it is found that the main reasons for the increase in ionic conductivity are the reduction of activation energy and the energy barrier of the Li+ migration path around Sb. The improved air stability of the electrolyte after Sb doping conforms to the Hard-Soft-Acid-Base theory. Furthermore, the assembled all-solid-state battery with Li10SnP1.8Sb0.2S12 exhibits a high specific capacity and good cycling stability than LSPS.
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