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An Q, Ren J, Jia X, Qu S, Zhang N, Li X, Fan G, Pan S, Zhang Z, Wu K. Anisotropic materials based on carbohydrate polymers: A review of fabrication strategies, properties, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121801. [PMID: 38368095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic structures exist in almost all living organisms to endow them with superior properties and physiological functionalities. However, conventional artificial materials possess unordered isotropic structures, resulting in limited functions and applications. The development of anisotropic structures on carbohydrates is reported to have an impact on their properties and applications. In this review, various alignment strategies for carbohydrates (i.e., cellulose, chitin and alginate) from bottom-up to top-down strategies are discussed, including the rapidly developed innovative technologies such as shear-induced orientation through extrusion-based 3D/4D printing, magnetic-assisted alignment, and electric-induced alignment. The unique properties and wide applications of anisotropic carbohydrate materials across different fields, from biomedical, biosensors, smart actuators, soft conductive materials, to thermal management are also summarized. Finally, recommendations on the selection of fabrication strategies are given. The major challenge lies in the construction of long-range hierarchical alignment with high orientation degree and precise control over complicated architectures. With the future development of hierarchical alignment strategies, alignment control techniques, and alignment mechanism elucidation, the potential of anisotropic carbohydrate materials for scalable manufacture and clinical applications will be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shasha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
| | - Kangning Wu
- Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
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Chen X, Zhang D, Guan Y, Chen D, Ge H, Wang Z, Bao M, Li Y. Joule Heating-Assisted Crude Oil Purification by a Poly(pyrrole)-Modified Microfibril Cellulose Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2624-2636. [PMID: 38166459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Using membrane materials to purify viscous watery oil from industrial production processes and accidental oil spills is of great importance but still challenging. Based on the excellent electrical conductivity and electric-thermal conversion of poly(pyrrole) (PPy), a hydrophobic PPy-modified micro-fibrillated cellulose membrane (P-CP) was successfully prepared. The size of the P-CP membrane can be customized to meet specific requirements. In this research, the membrane diameter is capable of reaching 24 cm. By applying a voltage ranging from 0 to 12 V, the surface temperature of the P-CP membrane can be elevated to roughly 120 °C. After 10 cycles of heating and cooling under 12 V voltage, the electric-thermal curves, surface hydrophobicity, and pore structure of P-CP membrane can remain stable, which suggests remarkable electric-thermal stability and reliability despite prolonged operation. The P-CP membrane shows good linearity between voltage and current (R2 = 0.997) and easy temperature control from room temperature to ∼120 °C at low supply voltage (0-12 V). Under the condition of 12 V power supply and self-gravity, the separation flux of the P-CP membrane for water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions (kerosene, diesel) is 2-3 times higher than that at room temperature, and the separation efficiency is also improved. Importantly, the P-CP membrane shows excellent separation performance for high viscosity water-in-crude oil emulsions, with a separation flux of 40 L m-2 h-1 by gravity. Compared to the situation without electricity, the separation flux of water-in-crude oil emulsion has increased four-fold. The joule heating of the P-CP membrane expands its service time and application scenarios, demonstrating its great application prospects in actual viscous oil-water emulsion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ge
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100 Qingdao, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Bai T, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Feng M, Zhang J, Li D, Feng L. Sugarcane-based superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membrane for efficient oil-in-water emulsions separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132551. [PMID: 37722321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of ecological, low cost, easy preparation, especially high performance materials for emulsions separation is of great importance due to the rise in pollution of oil-water emulsions from industrial production and domestic waste. Straws as agricultural wastes, including plenty of hydrophilic groups and multi-level pore structures, can be prepared as biomass membranes for oil-water emulsion separation. Herein, a novel super-hydrophilic sugarcane-based (SHS) membrane was prepared using a facile and eco-friendly method including chemical treatment and freeze-drying. The as-prepared SHS membrane has unique wettabilities due to the hydrophilic property of the internal cellulose and the micro-nano pores, including superhydrophilicity (water contact angle of 0°) and underwater superoleophobicity (underwater oil contact angles of over 150°). The SHS membrane has good durability and stability against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, corrosion by acids and alkalis, mechanical abrasion and especially mould adhesion. Importantly, the SHS membrane can be used for separation of various oil-in-water emulsions, and exhibits excellent separation performances such as high separation efficiency (> 99 %) and good separation flux (above 891 L m-2 h-1 bar-1). The SHS membrane also exhibits excellent recyclability over 10 continuous separation cycles. Furthermore, the SHS membrane can be utilized to selectively absorb water from oils as a water absorbent material. Hence, SHS membrane is a promising and practical material for applications in treatment of wastewater containing oil-water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Tianbin Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shixing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhuanli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Meijun Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dianming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Libang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Singh CJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Rengasamy RS. Enhanced oil-water emulsion separation through coalescence filtration utilizing milkweed fiber: a sustainable paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:102389-102401. [PMID: 37665434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the environment and public safety have suffered due to the detrimental effects of oily industrial effluents. Natural fibers have gained popularity for their affordability, reusability, and effectiveness in separating oil from oily wastewater. Milkweed fibers were characterized using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and contact angle techniques. With four porosities (0.90, 0.92, 0.95, and 0.98), deep bed coalescence filters were built at three different filter bed heights (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm). Using milkweed coalescence filtering technology, a novel oil separation method is described along with a method to calculate oil film thickness following emulsified oily water saturation. By combining a bed height of 30 mm and a porosity of 0.98, a maximum oil separation of 99.73% and an optimized D50 droplet ratio were achieved. Throughout a prolonged operational period lasting 250 min, the filter bed, possessing a depth of 30 mm and a porosity of 98%, exhibited no discernible fouling indications. Following five cycles, the milkweed filter bed measuring 30 mm in depth and featuring a porosity of 98% displayed an impressive oil separation efficiency of 91.5%. This study found that using a milkweed deep bed filter, coalescence filtering effectively removes oil from oily effluent. Furthermore, milkweed is a natural and biodegradable fiber that is easy to dispose of after use and does not harm the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Jeet Singh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Raju Seenivasan Rengasamy
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Li X, Jin X, Wu Y, Zhang D, Sun F, Ma H, Pugazhendhi A, Xia C. A comprehensive review of lignocellulosic biomass derived materials for water/oil separation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162549. [PMID: 36871707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid socioeconomic development, oil is widely used in all aspects of modern society. However, the extraction, transport, and processing of oil inevitably lead to the production of large quantities of oily wastewater. Traditional oil/water separation strategies are often inefficient, costly, and cumbersome to operate. Therefore, new green, low-cost, and high-efficiency materials must be developed for oil/water separation. As widely sourced and renewable natural biocomposites, wood-based materials have become a hot field recently. This review will focus on the application of several wood-based materials in oil/water separation. The state of research on wood sponges, cotton fibers, cellulose aerogels, cellulose membranes, and some other wood-based materials for oil/water separation over the last few years and provide an outlook on their future development are summarized and investigated. It is expected to provide some direction for future research on the use of wood-based materials in oil/water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yingji Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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6
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Peng D, Zhao J, Liang X, Guo X, Li H. Corn stalk pith-based hydrophobic aerogel for efficient oil sorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130954. [PMID: 36860041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based aerogel has become an attractive sorbent for spilled oil and organic pollutants because of its light weight, high porosity and strong sorption capacity. However, the current fabrication process is mainly "bottom-up" technology, which is cost-expensive, time-consuming, and energy-intensive. Herein, we report a top-down, green, efficient and selective sorbent prepared from corn stalk pith (CSP) using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) treatment, followed by TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 oxidization and microfibrillation, and then hexamethyldisilazane coating. Such chemical treatments selectively removed lignin and hemicellulose, broke the thin cell walls of natural CSP, forming an aligned porous structure with capillary channels. The resultant aerogels had a density of 29.3 mg/g, a porosity of 98.13%, and a water contact angle of 130.5◦, exhibiting excellent oil/organic solvents sorption performance, with a high sorption capacity in the range of 25.4-36.5 g/g, approximately 5-16-fold higher than CSP, and with fast absorption speed and good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China; School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huosheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Huo B, Wang J, Wang Z, Liu C, Hao W, Wang Y, Cui P, Qi J, Gao J, Yang J, Meng F. Ni-doped MoS 2 embedded in natural wood containing porous cellulose for piezo-catalytic degradation of tetracycline. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123589. [PMID: 36764348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Wood is a natural material with low cost and easy recovery, which porous, layered, excellent structure and mechanical properties make it possible to apply in wastewater treatment. We have successfully grown MoS2 on natural wood containing porous cellulose and introduced the high conductivity circuit path provided by Ni nanoparticles to construct a new piezoelectric three-dimensional wood block for the efficient degradation of tetracycline. Ni/MoS2/Wood exhibited excellent piezo-catalytic degradation performance, and the degradation rate of tetracycline reached 95.96 % (k = 0.0411 min-1) under ultrasonic vibration. After 5 cycles, the degradation rate still reached 90.20 %. In addition, Ni/MoS2/Wood was used as the reactor filler to degrade tetracycline through piezoelectric response triggered by hydrodynamic force, and the degradation rate reached 90.27 % after 60 min. Further, the mechanism and the possible degradation pathways of tetracycline degradation were proposed. This low-cost, recyclable and stable three-dimensional wood block piezoelectric material provides a new idea for the practical application of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yinglong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Peizhe Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianguang Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jun Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jingwei Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Fanqing Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Wu J, Tian J, Qian Z, Huang J, Sun D. Highly robust separation for aqueous oils enabled by balsa wood-based cellulose aerogel with intrinsic superior hydrophilicity. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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9
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Li X, Yang Z, Peng Y, Zhang F, Lin M, Zhang J, Lv Q, Dong Z. Self-powered aligned porous superhydrophobic sponge for selective and efficient absorption of highly viscous spilled oil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129018. [PMID: 35504133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil spills have caused catastrophic damage to marine ecosystems and become a global challenge. Although various liquid absorption materials have been developed, manual operations such as pumping and electric heating are still required in the face of highly viscous spilled oils. Efficient and autonomous crude oil spill cleanup methods are urgently needed. Here, inspired by the unidirectional microstructure of tree xylem, we report a sponge (SPC-Sponge), which combines superhydrophobic property and aligned porous structures, prepared from a ternary suspension (hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, polyurethane, and cellulose nanofibers) by single-step directional freeze casting. SPC-Sponge not only effectively overcome the limitations of traditional synthetic modification methods on the shape and size of porous sponge materials, but also has excellent oil-water selection function, liquid absorption speed, and liquid absorption capacity compared with common porous materials. Moreover, the sponge can self-absorb highly viscous crude oil of around 80,000 mPa‧s on seawater without external energy and human intervention. By adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the sponge can implement in-situ solar heating of crude oil, and the absorption speed is further improved. Given its unique structural design and superwetting property, this SPC-Sponge provides an efficient remediation approach for viscous oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China; CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Tianjin 300280, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Yang
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfan Zhang
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Lin
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichao Lv
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China; School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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