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Chaulagain N, Garcia JC, Manoj A, Shankar K. Ultrasensitive detection of Ag +and Ce 3+ions using highly fluorescent carboxyl-functionalized carbon nitride nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:315502. [PMID: 38604135 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3d66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of carboxyl-rich g-C3N4nanoparticles was found to be selective to Ag+and Ce3+with a limit of detection as low as 30 pM for Ag+ions. A solid-state thermal polycondensation reaction was used to produce g-C3N4nanoparticles with distinct green fluorescence and high water solubility. Dynamic light scattering indicated an average nanoparticle size of 95 nm. The photoluminescence absorption and emission maxima were centered at 405 nm and 540 nm respectively which resulted in a large Stokes shift. Among different metal ion species, the carboxyl-rich g-C3N4nanoparticles were selective to Ag+and Ce3+ions, as indicated by strong fluorescence quenching and a change in the fluorescence lifetime. The PL sensing of heavy metal ions followed modified Stern-Volmer kinetics, and CNNPs in the presence of Ag+/Ce3+resulted in a higher value ofKapp(8.9 × 104M-1) indicating a more efficient quenching process and stronger interaction between CNNP and mixed ions. Sensing was also demonstrated using commercial filter paper functionalized with g-C3N4nanoparticles, enabling practical on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John C Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Aparna Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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2
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Fan X, Chen Q, Zhu F, Wang T, Gao B, Song L, He J. Preparation of Surface Dispersed WO 3/BiVO 4 Heterojunction Arrays and Their Photoelectrochemical Performance for Water Splitting. Molecules 2024; 29:372. [PMID: 38257285 PMCID: PMC10818345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a surface dispersed heterojunction of BiVO4-nanoparticle@WO3-nanoflake was successfully prepared by hydrothermal combined with solvothermal method. We optimized the morphology of the WO3 nanoflakes and BiVO4 nanoparticles by controlling the synthesis conditions to get the uniform BiVO4 loaded on the surface of WO3 arrays. The phase composition and morphology evolution with different reaction precursors were investigated in detail. When used as photoanodes, the WO3/BiVO4 composite exhibits superior activity with photocurrent at 3.53 mA cm-2 for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, which is twice that of pure WO3 photoanode. The superior surface dispersion structure of the BiVO4-nanoparticle@WO3-nanoflake heterojunction ensures a large effective heterojunction area and relieves the interfacial hole accumulation at the same time, which contributes to the improved photocurrents together with the stability of the WO3/BiVO4 photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China; (X.F.); (Q.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qinying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China; (X.F.); (Q.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China; (X.F.); (Q.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
| | - Li Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Jianping He
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
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Molaei MJ. Synthesis and Application of Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Carbon Black in Bioimaging. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:213-226. [PMID: 37191828 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new type of fluorescent QDs that consists mainly of carbon atoms. In this research, CQDs were synthesized through harsh oxidizing conditions applied on carbon black and subsequent N-doping using hexamethylenetetramine (Hexamine) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The synthesized CQDs were characterized using FTIR, AFM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging respectively. The AFM images showed that the dots are in the range of 2-8 nm. N-doping of the CQDs increased the PL intensity. The PL enhancement for the CQDs that were N-doped with PEI was higher compared to those N-doped with hexamine. The shift in PL by changing the excitation wavelength has been attributed to the nano-size of the CQDs, functional groups, defect traps, and quantum confinement effect. The in vitro fluorescence imaging revealed that N-doped CQDs can internalize into the cells and be used for fluorescent cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Molaei
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, 3619995161, Iran.
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Sarkar A, Dharmaraj VR, Yi CH, Iputera K, Huang SY, Chung RJ, Hu SF, Liu RS. Recent Advances in Rechargeable Metal-CO 2 Batteries with Nonaqueous Electrolytes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9497-9564. [PMID: 37436918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This review article discusses the recent advances in rechargeable metal-CO2 batteries (MCBs), which include the Li, Na, K, Mg, and Al-based rechargeable CO2 batteries, mainly with nonaqueous electrolytes. MCBs capture CO2 during discharge by the CO2 reduction reaction and release it during charging by the CO2 evolution reaction. MCBs are recognized as one of the most sophisticated artificial modes for CO2 fixation by electrical energy generation. However, extensive research and substantial developments are required before MCBs appear as reliable, sustainable, and safe energy storage systems. The rechargeable MCBs suffer from the hindrances like huge charging-discharging overpotential and poor cyclability due to the incomplete decomposition and piling of the insulating and chemically stable compounds, mainly carbonates. Efficient cathode catalysts and a suitable architectural design of the cathode catalysts are essential to address this issue. Besides, electrolytes also play a vital role in safety, ionic transportation, stable solid-electrolyte interphase formation, gas dissolution, leakage, corrosion, operational voltage window, etc. The highly electrochemically active metals like Li, Na, and K anodes severely suffer from parasitic reactions and dendrite formation. Recent research works on the aforementioned secondary MCBs have been categorically reviewed here, portraying the latest findings on the key aspects governing secondary MCB performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Iputera
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Kadian S, Chaulagain N, Joshi NN, Alam KM, Cui K, Shankar K, Manik G, Narayan RJ. Probe sonication-assisted rapid synthesis of highly fluorescent sulfur quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34. [PMID: 37158486 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd00a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A new type of heavy-metal free single-element nanomaterial, called sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), has gained significant attention due to its advantages over traditional semiconductor QDs for several biomedical and optoelectronic applications. A straightforward and rapid synthesis approach for preparing highly fluorescent SQDs is needed to utilize this nanomaterial for technological applications. Until now, only a few synthesis approaches have been reported; however, these approaches are associated with long reaction times and low quantum yields (QY). Herein, we propose a novel optimized strategy to synthesize SQDs using a mix of probe sonication and heating, which reduces the reaction time usually needed from 125 h to a mere 15 min. The investigation employs cavitation and vibration effects of high energy acoustic waves to break down the bulk sulfur into nano-sized particles in the presence of highly alkaline medium and oleic acid. In contrast to previous reports, the obtained SQDs exhibited excellent aqueous solubility, desirable photostability, and a relatively high photoluminescence QY up to 10.4% without the need of any post-treatment. Additionally, the as-synthesized SQDs show excitation-dependent emission and excellent stability in different pH (2-12) and temperature (20 °C-80 °C) environments. Hence, this strategy opens a new pathway for rapid synthesis of SQDs and may facilitate the use of these materials for biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Naveen Narasimhachar Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electricaland Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centennial Campus North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
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Kumar P, Vahidzadeh E, Alam KM, Laishram D, Cui K, Shankar K. Radial Nano-Heterojunctions Consisting of CdS Nanorods Wrapped by 2D CN:PDI Polymer with Deep HOMO for Photo-Oxidative Water Splitting, Dye Degradation and Alcohol Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091481. [PMID: 37177028 PMCID: PMC10180281 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy harvesting using semiconductor photocatalysis offers an enticing solution to two of the biggest societal challenges, energy scarcity and environmental pollution. After decades of effort, no photocatalyst exists which can simultaneously meet the demand for excellent absorption, high quantum efficiency and photochemical resilience/durability. While CdS is an excellent photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, pollutant degradation and organic synthesis, photocorrosion of CdS leads to the deactivation of the catalyst. Surface passivation of CdS with 2D graphitic carbon nitrides (CN) such as g-C3N4 and C3N5 has been shown to mitigate the photocorrosion problem but the poor oxidizing power of photogenerated holes in CN limits the utility of this approach for photooxidation reactions. We report the synthesis of exfoliated 2D nanosheets of a modified carbon nitride constituted of tris-s-triazine (C6N7) linked pyromellitic dianhydride polydiimide (CN:PDI) with a deep oxidative highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) position, which ensures sufficient oxidizing power for photogenerated holes in CN. The heterojunction formed by the wrapping of mono-/few layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods (CdS/CN:PDI) was determined to be an excellent photocatalyst for oxidation reactions including photoelectrochemical water splitting, dye decolorization and the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Extensive structural characterization using HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, etc., confirmed wrapping of few-layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods. The increased photoactivity in CdS/CN:PDI catalyst was ascribed to facile electron transfer from CdS to CN:PDI in comparison to CdS/g-C3N4, leading to an increased electron density on the surface of the photocatalyst to drive chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ehsan Vahidzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Devika Laishram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 34201, India
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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CRISPR/Cas12a-based MUSCA-PEC strategy for HSV-1 assay. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1250:340955. [PMID: 36898814 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In the photoelectrochemical sensing, constant potential excitation to get the photoelectrochemical signal is the main excitation signal mode. Novel method for photoelectrochemical signal obtaining is needed. Inspired by this ideal, a photoelectrochemical strategy for Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) detection with multiple potential step chronoamperometry (MUSCA) pattern was fabricated using CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage coupled with entropy-driven target recycling. In the presence of target, HSV-1, the Cas12a was activated by the H1-H2 complex obtained by entropy-driven, then digesting the circular fragment of csRNA to expose single-stranded crRNA2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The inactive Cas12a was self-assembled with crRNA2 and activated again with the help of assistant dsDNA. After multiple rounds of CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage and magnetic separation, MUSCA, as a signal amplifier, collected the enhanced photocurrent responses generated by catalyzed p-Aminophenol (p-AP). Different from the reported signal enhancement strategies based on photoactive nanomaterials and sensing mechanisms, MUSCA technique endowed the strategy with unique advantages of direct, fast and ultrasensitive. A superior detection limit of 3 aM toward HSV-1 was achieved. This strategy was successfully applied for HSV-1 detection in Human serum samples. The combination of MUSCA technique and CRISPR/Cas12a assay brings broader potential prospect for the detection of nucleic acids.
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